TABLE 3.-Estimated amounts of live bait used in the skipjack-yellowfin bait fishery, showing origin of catch 1 1 Estimated on the basis of 10 pounds of bait fishes per scoop, 25 scoops of bait used per ton of tuna caught. 2 Caught in waters north of the international boundary. TABLE 4.-Numbers of operating units of some of the gear used in taking tuna I 1 Data from published United States Fish and Wildlife Service records. Blank spaces indicate data are not available. Information on numbers of tuna bait boats and mackerel scoop boats are not available. 2 Vessels refer to a craft having a capacity of 5 net tons or greater. 3 Includes 1 boat. Senator GREEN. I have a letter here from Senator Downey, who had hoped to be present but was unable to be present. I will put that in the record, including several telegrams he received from his constituency. (The letter and telegrams submitted by Senator Green are as follows:) UNITED STATES SENATE, July 12, 1949. MY DEAR SENATOR GREEN: I regret that other official duties make it impossible for me to attend the meeting on Thursday, July 14, of the subcommittee considering the pending treaties on fisheries. In behalf of California's fishing interests, including both management and labor, I do want you to know of their complete support of the convention between the United States of America and Mexico for the establishment of an International 94247-49- -9 Commission for the Scientific Investigation of Tuna, signed at Mexico City, January 25, 1949, as recorded in Executive K, and also of the Convention between the United States of America and Costa Rica for the establishment of an InterAmerican Tropical Tuna Commission, signed at Washington, D. C., May 31, 1949. I have had many expressions of support from the California fishing industries, two of which, received only this week, are enclosed. These include telegrams from Montgomery Phister, secretary of the Pacific Fisheries Conference, Terminal Island, Calif., and from James Waugh, president of the Cannery Workers Union of the Pacific, Los Angeles Harbor district. Your consideration in connection with your hearings is indeed appreciated. Sincerely, SHERIDAN DOWNEY. NATIONAL CANNERS ASSOCIATION, Hon. Toм CONNALLY, Chairman, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Washington 25, D. C. DEAR SENATOR CONNALLY: It is my understanding that the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations will shortly have under consideration, with a view to recommending ratification, the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. The National Canners Association is a voluntary trade association whose membership includes more than 90 percent by number, and about 95 percent by volume of production of all canners of fishery products in the United States, its Territories and possessions. The interest in the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries of the membership of the National Canners Association is, at the present time, rather limited since the fishery resources which are of immediate concern do not include those species which are canned commercially in any important volume. The species, for which the need for investigation and possible action looking toward conservation now exists, are primarily important from the standpoint of the fresh or frozen method of distribution. The provisions of the convention, however, are so broad that should scientific research with respect to species of importance to the commercial canning industry become necessary later, such research might be undertaken. The fish-canning industry of the United States is in favor of any measure which will promote the conservation of our very important renewable fishery resources. For this reason, therefore, the fish canning membership of the National Canners Association wholeheartedly favors the ratification of the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Convention, and respectfully urges that your committee report this convention favorably to the Senate and recommend its ratification. We would appreciate your incorporating this letter in the record of the forthcoming hearings on this convention. Sincerely, CHAS. R. CARRY. [Telegram] Senator SHERIDAN DOWNEY, SAN PEDRO, CALIF., July 11, 1949. Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C. We do not desire to make any statement regarding Mexican or Costa Rican treaties but you can if you wish state on behalf of the industry that all segments of the industry favor both treaties. We are anxious to have enabling legislation passed but rely on your good judgment. MONTGOMERY PHISTER. [Telegram] SAN PEDRO, CALIF., July 11, 1949. Senator SHERIDAN DOWNEY, United States Senate: Cannery workers union of the Pacific Los Angeles Harbor District are on record favoring the Costa Rican and Mexican Tuna Treaty also the enabling legislation ask that these matters be given favorable consideration. JAMES WAUGH, President. Senator GREEN. Now I don't know whether the people present care to address the hearing or not. I, at least, want everyone here to rise and state their name and whom they represent, whether they represent an association or an organization, for the record. I think it will help. Suppose we begin here and go around. I would like to have you all do it, if you don't mind, unless you prefer not to go on record. Mr. CHANEY. My name is Donald J. Chaney, Chief Counsel, Fish and Wildlife Service. Mr. BEVANS. My name is Charles I. Bevans, Deputy Assistant for Treaty Affairs, Office of the Legal Adviser, Department of State. Miss DAVIES. My name is Isla V. Davies, Office of the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary, Department of State. Mr. CARRY. My name is Charles R. Carry, representing the National Canners Association. I have already addressed to the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee two letters on this and the other treaties, and I would like to have them included in the record. Senator GREEN. We will see that it is done. Mr. DEASON. My name is H. J. Deason, Chief, Office of Foreign Activity, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. Mr. SELAK. My name is Charles B. Selak, Assistant, in the Office of the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary, Department of State. Mr. LOONEY. My name is Warren F. Looney, Department of State, Office of the Under Secretary, Fisheries and Wildlife. Mr. CARY. My name is Harold F. Cary, general manager of American Tunaboat Association, San Diego, Calif. Mr. ZIMMERMAN. My name is Frederick L. Zimmerman, Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. Mr. JACKSON. My name is Charles E. Jackson, general manager, National Fisheries Institute. Mr. LEVINE. My name is Seth Levine, research consultant, CIO Maritime Committee in Washington, representative of the International Fishermen and Allied Workers of America, CIO. Mr. MCHUGH. My name is Patrick McHugh, secretary of the Atlantic Fishermen's Union, Boston, Mass. Senator GREEN. Is there anyone else here? I assume that you all are in favor of these three conventions, and the subcommittee will proceed on that assumption. I have here some letters which I am going to put in the record, one from Senator Connally, chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations; two from Charles R. Carry; one from myself from Senator Downey, including a telegram; one from James Ball, president of the Los Angeles Arbiters Union; one from Senator Connally from Senator Knowland, and several submitted by the Department of State. (The communications referred to above are as follows:) Hon. Toм CONNALLY, Chairman, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Washington 25, D. C. DEAR SENATOR CONNALLY: It is my understanding that the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations will shortly have under consideration, with a view to recommending ratification, the Convention between the United States of America and the United Mexican States for the establishment of an International Commission for the Scientific Investigation of Tuna, and the convention between the United States of America and the Republic of Costa Rica for the establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. The National Canners Association is interested in the above-mentioned treaties since it is a voluntary trade association, whose membership includes more than 90 percent by number, and about 95 percent by volume of production of all canners of fishery products in the United States, including the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii. Moreover, included in the membership of the National Canners Association are all but three of the packers of canned tuna in the United States, its Territories and possessions. The volume of production of canned tuna represented by the members of the National Canners Association is approximately 98 percent. The conventions between the United States and Mexico, and between the United States and Costa Rica have for their purpose the maintenance of the populations of the several genera of tuna at a level which will permit maximum sustained catches year after year. In other words, the purpose of these treaties is to provide means for the accumulation of scientific information which will lead to the conservation and wise utilization of these fishes. The canning industry of the United States is in favor of any measure which will promote the conservation of the very important renewable fishery resources upon which, to a large extent, the people of this country depend for their portein food requirements. The tuna canning membership of the National Canners Association, therefore, wholeheartedly favors the ratification of the conventions between the United States and Mexico and between the United States and Costa Rica. We respectfully urge, therefore, that your committee report these conventions favorably to the Senate and recommend their ratification. Legislation designed to implement the conventions between the United States and Mexico and between the United States and Costa Rica has been introduced by Senator William F. Knowland on behalf of himself and Senator Sheridan Downey. The bills are S. 1642, relating to the Mexican convention, and S. 2133, relating to the Costa Rican convention. The tuna canning members of this association are thoroughly familiar with the provisions of these two bills and believe they are thoroughly in accord with the provisions of the respective conventions. We, therefore, respectfully urge that your committee recommend their adoption. We would appreciate your incorporating this letter in the record of the forthcoming hearings on these conventions. Sincerely, CHAS. R. CARRY. UNITED STATES SENATE, Hon. Toм CONNALLY, Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. MY DEAR SENATOR: Enclosed is a copy of the Convention Between the United States of America and Costa Rica for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, signed at Washington, May 31, 1949, as published in Executive K, and now pending before the Foreign Relations Committee. Also pending before the Foreign Relations Committee is S 2133, which Senator Downey and I introduced, to implement this convention. This legislation has the endorsement of the official representatives of Costa Rica, the President of the United States, the United States Department of State, the Pacific coast fishing industries, and it is generally agreed that if this enabling legislation were enacted, it would ensure the successful operation of the Commission in the best interests of all concerned. In acting upon this legislation, it would be appreciated if the committee would delete the "not" on page 2, line 16, of S. 2133, in order to provide for a clearer interpretation of this bill. May I express my sincere hope that this convention and accompanying legislation will receive an early hearing and favorable approval by the committee. Not only would the adoption and fulfillment of this convention serve as an approach to better relationships with the Nation of Costa Rica, but it would also be an initial step toward the unification of all countries interested in the tuna fishery in one inter-American commission. As the United States-Costa Rica Convention includes fisheries which present problems of interest to a number of countries besides the signatories, the treaty provides a new departure by making possible the later adherence of other governments whose nationals operate in the fisheries involved. May I also again take the liberty of bringing to your attention, as in my letter of June 8 to you, the Convention Between the United States of America and Mexico for the Establishment of an International Commission for the Scientific Investigation of Tuna, signed at Mexico City, January 25, 1949, recorded in Executive K, and the enabling legislation, S. 1642, both of which are still pending before the Foreign Relations Committee. I should like to reiterate at this time, the earnest hopes expressed to me by all parties concerned, that the United States-Mexico convention receive early ratification by the Senate, in order that the implementing legislation may also have consideration in the very near future. Your consideration of the conventions referred to in this letter and the accompanying legislation to provide the necessary administrative powers is indeed greatly appreciated, and if I may be of assistance to the committee on this matter in any way, I should be happy to be called. With best personal regards, I am Sincerely yours, WILLIAM F. KNOWLAND. APRIL 12, 1949. DEAR DR. CHAPMAN: We wish to thank you for your recent letter and the timely advices contained therein relative to the proposed treaty with Mexico on the scientific investigation of tuna. We sincerely hope that the Committee on Foreign Relations will find sufficient time in its crowded calendar to review the proposed treaty and submit its recommendation to the Senate. We have had the opportunity to discuss this matter with more than just passing interest with other members of our industry, and unanimously they indicate agreement with our thoughts that the proposed treaty with Mexico is the most important forward step that our Government will be making on behalf of the future welfare of an important west coast industry. The maintenance of constructively sound fisheries relations with Mexico will be greatly enhanced by the proposed treaty, and should serve as a model for future fisheries treaties which should be concluded with other Central American and South American maritime countries that American fishermen have contact with in the course of earning their livelihood. We feel that the economic welfare of the various countries along the Pacific littoral will be advanced rather than retarded by the operation of American vessels off their shores. The payment of bait-permit fees and other fees incidental to the entry and clearance of American vessels in foreign ports of countries referred to will produce revenue of consequence to these nations. The exploitation for tuna-fishing purposes of the waters adjacent to the countries under question, will not be detrimental to the economy of such countries if such exploitation is properly confined within a legitimate scope, in which the Governmental contracting parties have as the main objective the perpetuation of the Pacific tuna fishery. Fundamentally, such an objective not only serves an intensely practical purpose so far as this industry is concerned, but should serve to allay whatever latent fears may be in the minds of those countries who fear the encroachment of American fishing vessels on waters which may be strictly under their sovereignty or such additional waters as may be claimed by the various nations to be sovereign waters of theirs. Yours very truly, SUN HARBOR PACKING Co., PACIIFC MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION, April 12, 1949. Dr. W. M. CHAPMAN, Special Assistant to the Under Secretary, DEAR DR. CHAPMAN: With reference to your letter addressed to Mr. John Veatch, which has to do with the difficulties that might be encountered in scheduling a hearing on the Tuna Convention by the Committee on Foreign Relations, and with your request that the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission present their views in writing regarding this convention, this is to advise that since Mr. Veatch, |