The Liability of Classification SocietiesClassification societies are discharging various functions in the interest of flag States and shipowners. They are important actors in the system of maritime safety. Because the liability of shipowners is limited, classification societies have been considered as exempt from liability for a long time – and in several jurisdictions this view still prevails. This study analyses which actions of classification societies may give rise to claims and whether or not the societies can be held liable under English, German or United States maritime law. Moreover, the fundamental aspects of an international convention on the limitation of the liability of classification societies are developed. |
Contents
1 | |
Community | 22 |
B Private Operations and Public Functions in Detail | 43 |
Obligations of the Classification Society | 54 |
NonDelegable Duty of the Shipowner to Make the Vessel Seaworthy | 55 |
Liability under United States Law | 240 |
Liability under German Law | 248 |
Damage Caused by Both a Classification and Statutory | 256 |
A Convention on the Limitation of Liability of Classification | 259 |
331 | |
350 | |
Table of International Conventions | 365 |
372 | |
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Common terms and phrases
accessed according action activities American apply argued BGHZ breach Bureau cargo carried carrier caused certificate claims classification society clause Compare compensation condition consideration considered contract Corp court damage danger decision defendant developed Directive duty economic loss effects established exemption exercise existence expert F.Supp fact flag force functions give harm held included injury inspection interest International International Convention interpretation issue June liability Liability of Classification limitation Lloyd’s Rep Lord March Marine maritime negligent November obligation Oil Pollution operator opinion owes owner passengers performance person plaintiff possible prevent protection Protocol purchaser question reasonable referred regard Register regulations relates relevant Reports responsible result risk rules safety seaworthy ship shipowner similar standard statutory Sundance survey surveyor third party tion tort United vessel