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Tableau de la chaleur transmise à travers des lames de 0,0026 d'épaisseur, d'après les expériences de Melloni, la chaleur incidente étant représentée par 100.

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Chaleur transmise à travers une lame d'eau de 0,05 d'épaisseur,
d'après les expériences de MM. de La Provostaye et P. Desains.

Chaleur solaire totale.

Chaleur solaire obscure prise en dehors du rouge du spectre.
Chaleur solaire plus éloignée...

Chaleur solaire ayant déjà traversé 0,25 d'eau.

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Chaleur des charbons rendus incandescents par une forte pile... 24
Chaleur de la craie exposée au chalumeau d'oxygène et de vapeur
d'éther..

20

Chaleur de la lampe de Locatelli ou de celle d'Argand à cheminée. 10
Chaleur de la lampe à alcool salé. . .

2

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Chaleur de la lampe d'Argand qui a traversé une lentille de 0,10
d'eau.

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508. Pouvoir conducteur des corps pour la chaleur. Tous les corps ne conduisent pas également bien la chaleur; c'est ce que fait voir le tableau suivant des pouvoirs conducteurs relatifs de quelques corps, d'après M. Despretz, et d'après les expériences récentes de MM. Wiede

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Lorsqu'un corps conduit bien la chaleur, il prend le nom de bon conducteur de la chaleur; si au contraire il la conduit mal, il prend le nom de mauvais conducteur de la chaleur.

Les corps composés de fibres très-fines, comme le coton, la laine, l'édredon, la ouate, le son, la paille, le charbon très-divisé, sont les plus mauvais conducteurs de la chaleur. Les liquides et les gaz sont aussi de mauvais conducteurs de la chaleur; aussi, lorsqu'on veut les échauffer, faut-il avoir recours à l'échauffement par contact en produisant des courants dans ces matières; ce que du reste on obtient naturellement en plaçant le foyer sous les liquides ou les gaz à échauffer. Si l'on gêne les mouvements des liquides ou des gaz au moyen de corps fibreux, l'échauffement est considérablement retardé.

ÉVALUATION DES TEMPÉRATURES.

309. Thermomètres. Ces instruments, fondés sur les variations de volume que font subir aux corps les changements de température, servent à apprécier l'état de chaleur dans lequel se trouvent les corps.

Dans le thermomètre centigrade, le nombre 0° de l'échelle correspond à la température constante de la glace fondante, et le nombre 100°, à la température, aussi constante, de l'ébullition de l'eau pure sous la pression atmosphérique de 0TM,76 de mercure. Chaque division du thermomètre représente 1 degré centigrade.

Dans le thermomètre de Réaumur, 0° correspond à la glace fondante, et 80° à l'eau bouillante.

Dans le thermomètre Fahrenheit, 32° correspond à la glace fondante, et 212° à l'ébullition de l'eau.

Les relations qui existent entre les températures indiquées par ces différents thermomètres sont :

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De ces formules on conclut les résultats du tableau suivant :

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TEMPÉRATURES
en degrés

TEMPÉRATURES
en degrés

TEMPÉRATURES
en degrés

TEMPERATURES
en degrés

Fahrenh. centigrades. Fahrenh. centigrades. Fahrenh. centigrades. Fahrenh. centigrades.

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