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glaciers, or 350 feet. Neither is the temperature of the ice recorded; but it is unlikely, situated as it is near the débouchure, that it is below the mean observed by Agassiz 200 feet below the surface of the ice, or 31.24°. [If the assumed thickness is too great, it is probably counterbalanced by taking the temperature too low.] It has been found that the pressure of a mile of ice is sufficient to lower the melting point of snow or ice one degree centigrade. In the same ratio, a pressure of 3,500 feet would lower the melting point nearly 1.25° F. Hence if the force impelling the ice down-stream were pressure, the ice would melt at 30.75°. In reality its temperature must be half a degree above that point. Pressure, then, cannot cause the forward motion of the Great Aletsch Glacier.74

Other cases of high temperature have been recorded, too high to exist even if the ice were under only the compression due to the weight of the superincumbent ice. All such afford demonstrative evidence that the ice is in tension.

SEC. III. APPLICATION OF VISCOUS THEORY.

Viewing the ice-field described in Part II in the light of the theory that ice is a viscous body when it has absorbed a portion of its latent heat, and that its viscosity increases with the accession of heat, it will be manifest that from the highest point of the annular belt of ice toward the pole the temperature would be too low and the slope too gentle to produce motion; while from the highest point to the peripheral margin, the rate of motion would progressively increase. The profile of the upper surface would therefore assume some such form as that represented in figure 1 (Part I); and the pressure of the central ice would exercise no influence whatever on the motion of the peripheral ice.

74 Since the above was written some reason to suspect that the data employed are not very reliable has appeared; but as precise values could not be obtained, it has been deemed advisable to allow the paragraph to remain, partly as an incentive to observations of the character indicated.

THE KAMES OR ESKERS OF MAINE. By GEORGE H. STONE, of Kent's Hill, Maine.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE KAMES.

KAMES which are arranged in well marked lines so as to have evidently a common origin are classed together as one system in the accompanying list, and the systems have received names from one or more localities along their routes. They are also for con venience of reference numbered in order beginning at the east. The longest tributary is regarded as the main kame and is marked with the system number. Evident branches are marked by annexing one of the first letters of the alphabet to the system number; probable branches by annexing the middle letters; and possible branches that cannot as yet be proved to be distinct systems, by annexing the last letters. Thus the first or most eastern branch of system XI is marked XI a, and a probable branch of that is marked XI a m.

The lengths of the kames as given are approximate. Their total length somewhat exceeds 2000 miles. About two-thirds of this distance has been explored by the writer; the rest is mapped from what is believed to be trustworthy information. No instrumental survey of so great a field was possible and the method adopted has been by reconnoissance to interpolate the courses of the kames on the existing maps.

Names in the annexed table refer to towns or townships through which the kames pass, not to villages.

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Orient Branch.
Hersey- Tomah Stream
Branch.

Little Tomah Stream Gra vels.

East Machias System. Crawford Kame.

17 Musquash Stream System. 25 Grand Lake-Old Stream System.

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Crosses Chiputneticook 1. to Vanceboro, along St. Croix v. to Canoose r., by 1. p. to Baring? and Pembroke.

Extends N. W. from Vanceboro to Chiputneticook 1. ??

No. 9, R. 4, Littleton, Orient, under and through Grand (St. Croix) Lake, by 1. p. down v. of Tomah str., Baileyville, Meddybemps, Dennysville?, Trescott. Linneus, Hodgdon; joins II near the S. line of Amity.

Joins Il in Grand Lake.

Island Falls, Haynesville, Danforth, by 1. p. S. E. along E. & N. A. Railway, to join II near Tomah Station.

Robbins, Codyville; only in part of kame origin.

Near road from E. Machias to Cooper.
Near crossing of E. Machias r. by Air

Line road. Extends interruptedly to
E. Machias??

Along v. of Musquash str. from Topsfield to Big L.

Grand Lake Stream S. to little River, then S. W., and down v. of Old Stream. From Farin Cove on Grand (Schoodic) Lake by 1. p. to Little River.

N. to Big Lake making Systems IV and V one ??

Kossuth, Pleasant Lake, W. shore Grand Lake, by 1. p. to Machias lakes and down Machias r.

May join VI near the N. W. angle of Baskahegan Lake.

Occasional ridges on a steep down slope.

Only partly explored in a difficult wilderness. the West Branch of the Machias River.

From Seboois Lakes S. to Seboois bridge, then E. by 1. p. to upper Shin Pond, by 1. p. to Patten. by 1. p. to Sherman, v. of Molunkus, Prentiss, by 1. p. to Nicatowas str. and to Cherry Held Plains.

From Mattawamkeag r. to Lee, by 1. p. to join VIII near No. 3 Pond.

From Aurora where this kame stream washed away IX to near Nicatowas Lake.

Valley of Seboois str., Medway, by 1. p. to Chester, crosses Penobscot at S. Lincoln, Greenbush, Greenfield, S. E. by 1. p. to Aurora and to the great Deblois or Cherryfield Plains.

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Staceyville-Medway

Branch.

Salmon Stream Branch. Mattaceunk Stream Kame.

Sam Ayer's Stream Kame. Katahdin Kame.

Soper Brook Gravels. Clifton-Hancock System. Moosehead Lake- Penob scot Bay System.

S. Twin Lake-Winterport Branch.

Schoodic Stream Gravels. 10 Jo Mary Kame.

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Joins IX at the Penobscot near the mouth of Pattagumpus str.

Joins IXa not far north of the Penobscot. v. of Mattaceunk N. from Penobscot r. May Join VIIIa or IX.

A few miles N. of Mattamiscontis.
From Penobscot r. at mouth of Katahdin

str., N. E. and E. to Millinockett 1., S.
to Shad Pond, by 1. p. down v. of
Seboeis str., Howland, N. E. corner of
Argyle, Greenfield.

Probably Kames, N. of Ripogenus Lake, in T. 4 R. 13.

Clifton, Otis, Mariaville? Waltham? Hancock? Has a short branch in Clifton.

Hogback Island, Moosehead 1., by 1. p. in Shirley, v. of Piscataquis to Sangerville, v. of Black Brook to 1. p. = "Notch" in Garland, E. Corinth, W. Hampden, Winterport, Stockton.

Medford, Lagrange,Orono. Bangor, Hamp den. Joins XI at Ball Hill Cove. Partly kames. Join Xla in Medford. v. of Pratt Brook, W. of Middle of Jo Mary 1. Direction nearly E.

Kenduskeag, Levant village, by 1. p. to Hermon Bog. Joins XIa near Hamp den Upper Corner.

W. Levant, Carmel, Joins XI near Her. mon Pond Station.

Very interrupted. Reaches to Brownville and Milo?

N. W. from the Iron Works along v. of
a branch of Pleasant r.
Lilly Bay by 1. p. and along v. of Wilson
Str. to Sebec Lake and Milo??

Crosses Newport Pond at E. Newport, Plymouth, N. Dixmont.

Not fully explored.

Pittsfield, Unity, Thorndike, Knox. by 1. p. to Montville and N. line Searsmont. Ends in plains near True's Pond. Along China 1., S. China. Windsor Village, Whitefield, Alna, Georgetown?? Puddledock in Albion, by 1. p. to plains near Week's Mills, then interrupted. Near Kennebec r. from Somerset Mills to Merrymeeting Bay, perhaps farther. An interrupted series in Blanchard, Mayfield and Brighton.

Canaan, Clinton. Joins XVIII at Winslow.

Along Kennebec v. from near the Forks to Embden. Now mostly re-classified. From near Carrabassett r. in W. part of Anson, S. E. into Madison.

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System numbers are shown by Roman numerals. Elevations in feet above the sea by Arabic numerals.

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