plays undoubtedly a rôle in the breathing of Coleoptera. In many cases the supply of air is brought about through a fissure, "fissura trachealis," usually found at the middle of the epipleura or through a groove beginning at the elytral tip and opening into the sub-elytral space near the middle.

In Coleoptera with connate elytra,- Eleodes, Embaphion, Curculionidæ, air finds access by an occasional flapping of the last few flexible abdominal segments at the time of depositing excrements, as often observed by me in Tenebrionidæ, Coccinellidæ, etc.

The following genera have been examined by me: Opatrinus, Boletotherus, Dyscinetus, Euryomia, Allorhina, Cucujus, Megalodacne, Melanotus, Alaus, Coccinella, Hylobius, Eros, Brachinus, Calosoma, Galerita, Carabus, Lebia, Byrrlius, Eleodes, and Amphidora.

Aberrations have been noticed to occur in Cucujus clavipes. Here the fissure is wanting. Air finds access through a deep, longitudinal median groove, along the dorsal segments of the abdomen, extending to the pygidium.

Megalodacne heros: Pleural fissure faintly indicated, but with a thickened light brown ridge at the margin of the broad, black median band. Elytra exteriorly smooth and round, lower lamella with longitudinal grooves and flat interspaces. This arrangement represents a system of canals extending over the folded wings, allowing an access of air from tip of the elytra.

Eros fraternus: Entire integument soft, abdominal segments lobe-like, prominent at the pleurae; thereby, as well as through the anastomosing elytral facetations, a receptacle for air is formed in this flat bark-beetle.

In Brachinus and Galerita the elytra but loosely cover the abdomen, therefore requiring less developed characters in the elytra. In Carabus the body is wingless, showing therefore a capacious air-receptacle. Elytral characters wanting.

In Lebia grandis, a bark-beetle, the epipleura is suddenly narrowed at the place where usually the fissure is found, the latter being entirely wanting. About fifteen large pores are found, perforating the elytron and running "seriatim" from near the humerus to near the external emargination of elytral tip.

In Byrrhus a duplicature or bead runs off from the smooth

plica to the posterior end forming there a conspicuous fissure. The connate elytra fit nearly hermetically to the body, overlapping the abdominal segments. Here air will find access by the occasional flapping of the last three or four segments of the abdomen, which is also the case in Coccinella.

FIG. 1.

ELYTRON OF BYRRHUS: a, epipleura; b, anterior fossa; c, posterior, concave, inflexed portion, or plica.

TWO NEW USES OF IMPORTANT INSECTICIDES. By A. J. Cook, of Lansing, Mich.

As is well known, there is scarcely a worse pest to the pomolo gist than the codling moth, Carpocapsa Pomonella, Linn. Many thousand dollars' worth of our fruit is consumed annually to feed this destroyer. The mischief done is augmented from the fact that the best preventive hitherto known has not been effective until the insect destroyed had wrought its evil work. We have known no way to destroy the moths, but could only capture and destroy the larvæ after the apples were eaten. Last winter I learned, from Mr. J. S. Woodward, of Lockport, New York, that trees thoroughly treated with Paris green, about the 20th of May, bore fruit which was wholly exempt from the ravages of the "apple worm." Acting upon this suggestion, I sprayed some apple trees the 25th of May and again the 20th of June; but I used London purple, arsenite of lime, which is nearly as insoluble in water as Paris green. I used one pound of the poison to one hundred gallons of water. The trees were loaded with fruit; and their fruit has been seriously injured by codling moth larvæ whenever they have borne fruit during previous years. Careful examination made August 20th of this year disclosed no injured apple. A few apples showed signs of the previous work of the larvæ; but as no burrow extended for more than one-fourth of an inch, no harm was done. Other apple trees a few rods distant, to which the

poisoned liquid was not applied, are bearing fruit one-fourth to one-half of which is wormy. From the slight amount of the poison applied to each tree, not more than one-third of an ounce, the cost of the remedy is light. Neither do I apprehend danger from its use at so early a date. To one portion of one tree I applied the poison in a greater quantity than was necessary, so that some of the foliage was killed. On the 19th of August, I cut from the trees, which had received the concentrated mixture, one hundred of the blossom ends, the part where the poison would be most readily held, and submitted them to Professor Kedzie for chemical analysis. No trace of the poison was found. The fact that this poison is now extensively used in the West to destroy the canker worm, and with no sign of evil, sustains the argument in favor of its harmless nature so far as the fruit is concerned. The danger of poisoning the soil is a matter for the chemist to decide. If future experience sustain the conclusions as to the efficiency of this remedy, in case of the "apple worm," it will be an important discovery.

Up to the present time there has been no satisfactory method of fighting such pests as the cabbage maggot, and other insects of the same genus, and the squash borer. The late Dr. Walsh recommended hot water; this has proved but partially successful. From the value of bisulphide of carbon as a destroyer of museum pests, and from its efficacy in destroying the phylloxera of Europe, I was led to try its power in overcoming our subterranean insect pests. Both my pupils and myself tried experiments with the happiest results. A small hole was made in the earth near the main root of the plant, by use of a walking stick, and about fifteen cubic centimetres of the liquid were poured in, and the hole quickly filled with earth, which was pressed down with the foot. In every case the insects were killed without injury to the plants. I believe this liquid promises satisfactory results in fighting the above mentioned insects, the peach borer, and other insects which attack the roots of our cultivated plants. We must remember, of course, that this liquid is very volatile and the vapor exceedingly explosive.

TITLES OF OTHER PAPERS READ IN SUBSECTION OF

ENTOMOLOGY.

BRIEF REMARKS ON THE MECHANICAL INGENUITY OF THE HOUSE SPIDER, AND THE HABITS OF THE HOUSE FLY. By W. W. Wheildon, of Concord, Mass.

REMARKS ON TREE-CRICKETS. By C. V. Riley, of Washington,

D. C.

REMARKS ON THE EARLY STAGES OF BLEPHAROCERA.

Riley, of Washington, D. C.

By C. V.

ON BIOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF INSECTS. By H. A. Hagen, of Cambridge, Mass.

ON SOME VERY RARE INSECT DEFORMITIES. By H. A. Hagen, of Cambridge, Mass.

ON THE HESSIAN FLY. By H. A. Hagen, of Cambridge, Mass. ON THE ANATOMY OF PRODOXUS DECIPIENS. By H. A. Hagen, of Cambridge, Mass.

INSECTS FROM COPAL. By D. S. Martin, of New York, N. Y. MIGRATIONS OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN LOCUSTS. By A. S. Packard, Jr., of Providence, R. I.

OCCURRENCE OF ALETIA ARGILLACEA IN WISCONSIN. By P. R. Hoy, of Racine, Wis.

SOME POINTS IN THE ANATOMY OF THE COCCIDE. By E. L. Mark, of Cambridge, Mass.

STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN HYMENOPTEROUS GALLS. By H. F. Bassett, of Waterbury, Conn.

LIST OF COLEOPTERA HATCHED FROM A FEW HICKORY TWIGS.
J. L. Le Conte, of Philadelphia, Pa.

By

THE HONEY-ANTS OF THE GARDEN OF THE GODS, COLORADO. By H. C. McCook, of Philadelphia, Pa.

NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN GALEODES. By J. D. Putnam, of Davenport, Iowa.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF APICULTURE TO SCIENCE. By A. J. Cook, of Lansing, Mich.

GENERIC CHARACTERS OF THE NOCTUIDE. By A. R. Grote, of Staten Island, N. Y.

ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE TORTRICIDE. By C. H. Fernald, of Orono, Me.

ON PHOCOPTERIS ANGULIFASCIANA. By C. H. Fernald, of Orono, Me.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE MOUTH ORGANS IN THE LEPIDOPTERA. By E. Burgess, of Boston, Mass.

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB TO THE PROGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY. By B. Pickman Mann, of Cambridge, Mass.