his executors should, upon the next new year's day after his decease, deliver a legacy of one hundred pounds to the king, "from whom he had received all his reputations and benefits." Of this nobleman Rapin says, "Chancellor Audley was a person of good sense. He served the reformers when he could without danger: but he was too much a courtier to insist upon what he judged reasonable, if the king was against it."

ARMS-Quarterly per pale indented or, and az. In the second and third an eagle displayed of the first, on a bend of the second a fret between two martlets of gold.

AVESNES-EARL OF CAMBRIDGE.
Creation of King Edward III.
Lineage.

In the year 1340,

JOHN DE AVESNES, of Hainault, uncle or brother of Philippa, King Edward the Third's consort, was created EARL OF CAMBRIDGE, but engaging afterwards in the interest of France he was deprived of the dignity. His lordship never had summons to parliament.

BADLESMERE-BARONS BADLES

MERE.

By Writ of Summons, dated 26th October, 1309, 3rd Edward II.

Lineage.

The first mention of this family occurs in the 16th year of the reign of Henry II., when

BARTHOLOMEW DE BADLESMERE, had a law-suit with William de Cheney concerning a landed property in the county of Kent; and in the 22nd of the same king, we find this Bartholomew amerced twenty marks for trespassing in the royal forests. To Bartholomew succeeded,

WILLIAM DE BADLESMERE, who adhering to the cause of the barons was taken prisoner, with several others, in the castle of Rochester, towards the close of King John's reign, and did not obtain his freedom until the sixth year of Henry III. After this William, came

GILES DE BADLESMERE, who lost his life in a skirmish with the Welsh, in the 32nd year of Henry III., and after him,

GUNCELINE DE BADLESMERE, known first as a great rebel to Henry III., for which he was excommunicated by the Archbishop of Canterbury; but subsequently, returning to his allegiance, as Justice of Chester, in which office he continued until the 9th of Edward I. In the next year he was in the expedition made into Wales, and in the 25th of the same monarch, in that into Gascony. He d. in four years afterwards, seised of the manor of Badlesmere, which he held in capite of the crown, as of the barony of Crevequer, by the service of one knight's fee. He was 8. by his son, then twenty-six years of age,

BARTHOLOMEW DE BADLESMERE, who in the life-time of his father, (22nd Edward II.) received command to attend the king at Portsmouth, upon the 1st day of September, with horse and arms to embark with him for Gascony, and in

the year that he succeeded to his paternal property was in the wars of Scotland. He was afterwards in the retinue of Robert de Clifford in the Welsh wars, and in the 1st year of Edward II., was appointed governor of the castle of Bristol. In two years afterwards he was summoned to parliament as Badlesmere, and had a grant from the king, through the especial influence of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, and Henry de Laci, Earl of Lincoln, of the castle and manor of Chelham in Kent, for his own and his wife's life, which castle had been possessed by Alexander de Baliol in right of his wife Isabel, and ought to have escheated to the crown upon the decease of the said Alexander, by reason of the felony of John de Strabolgi, Earl of Athol, (Isabel's son and heir,) who was hanged. In the 5th of Edward II., Lord Badlesmere was constituted governor of the castle of Ledes, and obtained at the same time grants of divers extensive manors. In the next year but one, his lordship was deputed, with Otto de Grandison and others, ambassador to the court of Rome, and the next year, upon the death of Robert de Clifford, he obtained a grant of the custody of the castle of Skypton in Yorkshire, as of all other castles in that county, and Westmoreland, whereof the said Robert died possessed, to hold during the minority of Roger de Clifford, his son and heir.

His lordship was further indebted to the crown for numerous charters for fairs and marts throughout his extensive manors; and he held the high office of steward of the household for a great number of years; but notwithstanding his thus basking in the sunshine of royal favour, his allegiance was not trustworthy, for joining the banner of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, and other discontented nobles of that period, he went into Kent without the king's permission; where being well received, he put himself at the head of some soldiers from his castle at Ledes, and thence proceeded to Canterbury, with nineteen knights, having linen jackets under their surcoats, all his esquires being in plate armour, and thus repaired to the shrine of St. Thomas, to the great amazement of the good citizens. While Lord Badlesmere remained at Canterbury, John de Crumwell and his wife sought his lordship's aid, and pledging himself to afford it, he hasted to Oxford, where the barons of his party had been then assembled. In the mean time the king being apprised of the baron's proceedings despatched the queen to Ledes, and upon admission being denied to her, the castle was regularly invested by Adomere de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, and John de Britannia, Earl of Richmond, to whom it eventually surrendered, when Lord Badlesmere's wife, young son, and daughters, all falling into the hands of the besiegers, were sent prisoners to the Tower of London. The baron and his accomplices afterwards were pursued by Edmund, Earl of Kent, and John de Warren, Earl of Surrey, and being defeated and taken prisoners at the battle of Borough-bridge, his lordship was hanged, drawn, and quartered, at Canterbury, and his head set upon a pole at Burgate. At the time of the baron's execution, upwards of ninety lords, knights, and others concerned in the same insurrection, suf

fered a similar fate in various parts of the kingdom. Margaret, his lordship's widow, (one of the daughters and co-heiresses of Thomas, third son of Thomas, second son of Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester,) continued prisoner in the Tower, until, through the influence of William Lord Roos, of Hamlake, and others, she obtained her freedom. Whereupon betaking herself to the nunnery of Minoresses, without Aldgate, in the suburbs of London, she had two shillings a day for her maintenance, to be paid by the sheriff of Essex; she subsequently, however, obtained a large proportion of the deceased lord's manors for her dowry. By this lady, Lord Badlesmere left issue,

GILES.

Maud, m. to John de Vere, Earl of Oxford.
Elizabeth, m. first to Edmund Mortimer, and
secondly, to William Bohun, Earl of
Northampton.

Margaret, m. to Sir John Tibetot.

Margery, m. to William, Lord Roos, of Hamlake.

His lordship had been summoned to parliament, from the 26th October, 1309, to 5th August, 1320. His unhappy fate occurred in 1322; but notwithstanding that, his son,

GILES DE BADLESMERE, second baron, found such favour from the king, that he had a special precept to the keeper of the wardrobe, in the Tower, to deliver unto him all his father's harneys, as well coat-armours as others. This nobleman doing homage in the 7th of Edward III., although not then at majority, had livery of his lands, and the next year attended the king in an expedition into Scotland, in which service he was engaged the three ensuing years. His lordship had summons to parliament from 22d January, 1336, to 18th August, 1337. He m. Elizabeth, daughter of William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury; but dying without issue, in 1338, the BARONY OF BADLESMERE fell into ABEYANCE between his sisters and co-heiresses, and it so continues amongst their descendants.

ARMS-Ag. a fesse betw. two bars gamelles,

gules.

BALIOL-BARONS BALIOL.

Feudal.

Lineage.

In the reign of WILLIAM RUFUS,

GUY DE BALIOL had a grant from the crown of the BARONY of BIWELD, in the county of Northumberland, and thus became its feudal lord. This Guy, although a benefactor to the church, and

*The barony of Badlesmere was assumed without any legal right by the deceased lord's eldest sister, Maud, Countess of Oxford, and the Earl, her husband, and was retained in that family until the demise of John de Vere, fourteenth earl, without male issue, in the reign of Henry VIII., when it was certified, 5th April, 1626, to have fallen into abeyance between that nobleman's four sisters.

within the see of Durham, was nevertheless interdicted hunting in any of the bishop's forests. He was s. by his son,

BARNARD DE BALIOL, a military commander of reputation, who participated in the victory achieved over the Scots, in 1138, at Northalerton, known in history as the ، Battle of the Standard," but was afterwards taken prisoner, at Lincoln, with King Stephen. Upon the incursion of the Scots, in the 20th Henry II., Barnard de Baliol again took up arms, and joining Robert de Stutevile, proceeded to the relief of Alnwick Castle, and having surprised the besiegers, seized the king of Scots with his own hand, and sent him prisoner to the Castle of Richmond. In the course of this forced march to Alnwick, when, in consequence of a dense fog, a halt was recommended, Balio exclaimed, "Let those stay that will, I am resolved to go forward, although none follow me, rather than dishonour myself by tarrying here." This feudal chief is supposed to have been the founder of the fortress upon the banks of the Teise, called "Barnard Castle." He was a munificent benefactor to the church, having, among other grants, bestowed lands upon the Abbey of St. Mary at York, and upon the monks at Riebault, for the health of his own soul, and that of his wife, AGNES DE PINCHENI, He was s. by his son,

EUSTACE DE BALIOL, who gave £100 for license to marry the widow of Robert Fitzpiers.

This feudal lord had issue

HUGH, his successor.

Henry, m. Lora, one of the co-heiresses of Christian, wife of William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex; and dying in the 30th of Henry III., his widow, the Lady Lauretta (as termed in the record), had livery of all the lands in Essex, Hertford, and Norfolk, which he held of her inheritance.

Eustace, m. Helewise, daughter and heiress of

Ralph de Levyngton, a baron of Northumberland, and his wife, Ada, who had been the widow of William de Furnivall. In the 45th Henry III. this Eustace was sheriff of Cumberland and governor of the castle of Carlisle. In nine years afterwards, assuming the cross, he attended Prince Edward to the Holy Land. Upon the decease of his wife, Eustace de Baliol appears to have had a great contest with her heirs-at-law regarding her inheritance in a moiety of the barony of BURGH; the heirs claiming immediate possession, while Eustace held, that, having had a child born alive by the deceased, he was entitled by the courtesy of England to a life-interest in the estate. The heirs seem, however, to have eventually prevailed. Eustace espoused, for his second wife, Agnes, second daughter of Joane de Perci, and granddaughter (maternally) of William de Bruere, a powerful feudal baron of that period. Eustace de Baliol, Sen., was s. by his eldest son, HUGH DE BALIOL, who was certified to hold the barony of Biwell of the crown by the service of five knights' fees, and to find thirty soldiers for the guard of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, as his progenitors

had done from the time of Rufus. He held likewise the lordship of Hiche, in Essex, in capite, as an augmentation of his barony, by the gift of Henry II. From King John he obtained the lands of Richard de Unfranville, and of Robert de Meisnell, in the county of York, in consideration of his services in the Baronial War. In the 18th of that monarch's reign, he was joined with Philip de Hulcotes in defence of the northern border towards Scotland; and when the king of Scots had subjugated the whole of Northumberland for Lewis of France, those generals held out stoutly all the fortresses upon the line of the Teise, particularly that of Barnard Castle, where Eustace de Vesci (who had married the Scottish monarch's sister), coming with his royal brother-in-law to the siege, was slain. Hugh de Baliol was succeeded by his son,

JOHN DE BALIOL. This feudal lord m. Devorguill, one of the three daughters and co-heirs of Alan of Galloway, a great baron of Scotland, by Margaret, eldest sister of John le Scot, the last Earl of Chester, and one of the heirs of David, sometime earl of Huntingdon, from which alliance arose the claim of the Baliols to the crown of Scotland. By this illustrious lady he acquired the Scottish barony of Galloway. In the 28th Henry III., when ways and means were required to discharge the debt incurred by the war in Gascony, John de Baliol was one of the committee of twelve chosen to report to parliament upon the subject; and the next year he paid thirty pounds for thirty knights' fees, which he held towards the levy in aid, for marrying the king's daughter. He was afterwards sheriff of Cumberland for six successive years, and governor of the castle of Carlisle. Subsequently he had a military summons to attend the king at Chester, to oppose the Welsh, and was sheriff of the counties of Nottingham and Derby for three years; at which time he had the honour of Peverell committed to his custody. In the baronial contest he adhered faithfully to the king, and fell into the hands of the Earl of Leicester, with his royal master, at the battle of Lewes, in 1264; but he appears to have effected his escape, and to have joined the other loyal barons in raising fresh troops for the captive monarch's redemption. This John Baliol was founder of the college that bears his name at Oxford. He d. in 1268, and was 8. by his son (then twenty-eight years of age),

HUGH DE BALIOL, who m. Anne, daughter of William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, but dying the next year without issue, was 8. by his brother,

ALEXANDER DE BALIOL. The barony inherited by this feudal lord consisted of more than five-and-twenty extensive lordships. He d. in 1278, and was 8. by his son,

JOHN DE BALIOL, who m. Isabel, daughter of John de Warren, Earl of Surrey. This feudal nobleman was one of the chief competitors for the crown of Scotland, in the reign of Edward I., and was eventually declared king, by the decision of that monarch, to whose arbitration the claimants submitted their pretensions.

To elucidate Baliol's right to the Caledonian sceptre, it will be necessary to digress somewhat into the genealogy of the Scottish princes.

DAVID, King of Scotland, had an only son, HENRY, who pre-deceased him, leaving three sons, viz.

1. MALCOLM, who ascended the throne as Malcolm IV., and was 8. by his brother,

2. WILLIAM the Lion, who was s. by his son,
ALEXANDER the Third. This prince

espoused Margaret, daughter of Henry
III. King of England, and sister of
King Edward I. and had three chil-
dren. viz.-
Alexander, both died in the life-time
David, Jof their father, s. p.
Margaret, m. in 1281, ERIC, KING OF
NORWAY, and left an only daugh-
ter,

MARGARET, who was acknow-
leged QUEEN OF SCOTS, but
died in her passage from
Norway, and with her ter-
minated the lines of David's
two sons, Malcolm and Wil-
liam.

3. DAVID, Earl of Huntingdon, in England, espoused Maud, daughter of Hugh, and sister and co-heiress of Ranulph, Earl of Chester, by whom he left issue at his decease in 1219, John, surnamed Le Scot, 8. to the Earldom

of Huntingdon, and became Earl of Chester, died 8. p.

Margaret, m. to Alan, of Galloway, and had two daughters, viz.

Dervorguill, m. to John de Baliol, grandfather of John de Baliol, of whom we are now immediately treating.

Marjory, m. to John Comyn, and died

8. p.

Isabella, m. Robert Bruce, and had a son, ROBERT BRUCE, the celebrated claimant for the Scottish crown.

Ada, m. Henry de Hastings, Lord Hastings, and left issue,

HENRY, Lord Hastings, also a competitor for the Scottish throne.

Margaret.

Hillarie, m. to Sir William Harcourt,

ancestor of the EARLS OF HAR

COURT, recently extinct.

By this table, the claim of Baliol seems indisputable, his mother, who was then alive, having abdicated her right in his favour, but Bruce contended that he was himself one step of kindred nearer to David, Earl of Huntingdon, than Baliol, being that nobleman's grandson; and he met the question of seniority, by alleging, that he had to contest that point in reality with Baliol's mother, and that being a male, he ought to be preferred to a female, according to the law and usage of nations, of which he adduced divers precedents. Edward, decided, however, in favour of BALIOL, and the new king swore fealty to the English monarch, on 30th November, 1292, as his superior lord. In the oath he acknowledged the sovereignty of the King of England over Scotland, in very express and submissive terms; and he caused an authentic act of allegiance

to be drawn up. Baliol's installation followed, and was performed at Scone, with the usual ceremonies, all the Scottish lords swearing fealty to him, save ROBERT BRUCE, who absented himself. Thus the English FEUDAL BARONY OF BALIOL, merged in the royal dignity of Scotland.

ARMS-Gu. an orle ar.

BALIOL--BARONS BALIOL.

By Writ of Summons, dated 26th September, 1300, 28 Edward I.

Lineage. ALEXANDER BALIOL, brother of JOHN DE BALIOL, KING OF SCOTLAND, being in the retinue of that magnificent prelate, Anthony Beke, Bishop of Durham, and Patriarch of Jerusalem; in the expedition made by King Edward I. into Flanders, was restored to all his lands in Scotland, in the 25th of that monarch's reign-and was summoned to parliament as a BARON, from the 26th September, 1300, to the 3rd November, 1306. His lordship m. Isabell, daughter and heiress of Richard de Chilham, and widow of David de Strabolgi, Earl of Athol, by whom he obtained for life, the castle and manor of Chilham, in the county of Kent. Dying, however, without issue, the BARONY OF BALIOL became EXTINCT.

BARDOLF-BARONS BARDOLF.

By Writ of Summons, dated 6th February, 1299, 27 Edward I.

Lineage.

THE first of this family upon record, WILLIAM BARDULF, was sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, from the 16th to 21st of Henry II., inclusive, and after him came

THOMAS BARDULF, who, upon the scutage being levied of such barons as did not attend King Henry II. into Ireland, in the 18th of that monarch's reign, nor contribute men or money to that service, paid £25. for the scutage of those knights' fees which formerly belonged to Ralph Hanselyn, Baron of Schelford in the county of Nottingham, whose daughter and heiress, ROSE, he had married. This Thomas obtained from William, brother of King Henry II., the Lordship of Bradewell, to hold to himself and his heirs, by the service of one knight's fee. Three parts of which he bestowed upon his three daughters: viz. wife of Robert de St. Remigio ; wife of William Bacun;

and -, wife of Baldwin de Thoni. Thomas Bardulf was 8. by his son,

DOUN BARDOLF, who marrying Beatrix, daughter and heiress of William de Warren, acquired by her the Barony of Wirmegay, in the county of Norfolk. He d. in 1209, leaving his widow Beatrix surviving, who gave 3100 marks to the king, for livery of her father's lands, and a reasonable dowry from the lands belonging to her husband; as also that she might not be compelled to marry again, contrary to her inclination. Doun Bardolf was s. by his son,

WILLIAM BARDOLF, who in the 26th of Henry III., attended that monarch in person, in the expedition which he then made into France. In the next year, he had livery of the honor of Wirmegay,

which during his minority had been in the hands of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent; and he subsequently obtained royal charters for markets and free warren throughout his different lordships and manors. In the 41st of the same monarch, he attended the king in his expedition into Wales, and was soon after constituted governor of Nottingham Castle. He was at the fatal battle of Lewes, under the royal banner, in 1264, and was there taken prisoner along with the king. He d. in the 4th of Edward I., anno 1275, and was 8. by his son,

WILLIAM BARDOLF, who doing homage, had livery of his lands, lying in the counties of Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham, Norfolk, and Sussex; and soon after obtained charters for fairs and markets to be holden at his different manors. He m. Julian, daughter of Hugh de Gurnay, and dying in 1292, was s. by his son,

HUGH BARDOLF, who in the 22d of Edward I., had summons with other eminent persons, to attend the king, to advise upon the affairs of the realm, and was subsequently summoned to parliament, as BARON BARDOLF, from the 6th of February, 1299, to the 2nd of June, 1302. He m. Isabel, daughter and heiress of Robert Aguillon, by whom he had two sons, Thomas and William. His lordship, who was employed in the French and Scottish wars of this reign, d. in 1303, and was s. by his elder son,

SIR THOMAS BARDOLF, K.B., as second BARON BARDOLF. This nobleman was summoned to parliament, from 26th August, 1307, to 23rd October, 1330. In the latter of which years his lordship d., and was 8. by his son,

JOHN BARDOLF, third BARON BARDolf, summoned to parliament, from 22nd January, 1336, to the 1st June, 1363. His lordship m. Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Sir Roger D'Amorie, and, as Dugdale calls her, "that great woman," his wife, Elizabeth, by whom he acquired a considerable accession of landed property. This nobleman participated in the glories of the martial reign of Edward III., and attained the high dignity of BanNERET. He d. in 1371, and was s. by his son,

WILLIAM BARDOLF, fourth BARON BARDOLF Summoned to parliament, from 20th January, 1376, to 3rd September, 1385, as "William Bardolf of Wormegay." His lordship m. Agnes, daughter of Sir Michael Poynings, Knt. He served in the French and Irish wars: latterly under John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and dying in 1385, was s. by his son,

THOMAS BARDOLF, fifth BARON BARDOLFsummoned to parliament, from 12th September, 1390, to 25th August, 1404. This nobleman joining Henry, Earl of Northumberland, Thomas, Earl

In Gibson's Camden's Britannia, it is stated, that Sir Robert Aguillon had a castle at the manor of Addington in Surrey, which was holden in fee, by the serjeantcy, to find in the king's kitchen, on the coronation day, a person to make a dainty dish, called, "Mapigernoun, or Dillegrout," and serve the same up to the king's table. This service has been regularly claimed by the lords of the said manor, and allowed at the respective coronations of the kings of England.-Banks' Extinct Peerage.

Anne, m. first, to Sir William Clifford, Knt., and secondly, to Reginald Lord Cobham. Joane, m. to Sir William Phelip, K.G., (son of Sir John Phelip, Knt., of Donynton, in the county of Suffolk,) a valiant soldier in the French wars of King Henry V., to which monarch he was treasurer of the household, and at his decease had the chief direction of his funeral. Sir William is said to have been raised to the peerage by letters patent, as LORD BARDOLF, in the reign of Henry VI., but he was never summoned to parliament. By Joane Bardolf he left an only daughter and heiress,

Elizabeth, who m. John, Viscount Beaumont. (See that dignity.)

Thomas, the fifth and unfortunate Lord Bardolf, dying thus, and being afterwards attainted, his BARONY and large possessions became forfeited. The estates were divided between Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, the king's brother, Sir George Dunbar, Knt., and the queen; but the latter proportion, upon the petition of Sir William Clifford and his wife, and Sir William Phelip and his wife, to the king, was granted in reversion after the queen's decease, to those representatives of the attainted nobleman. Dugdale states, "that Lord Bardolf's remains were quartered, and the quarters disposed of, by being set upon the gates of London, York, Lenne, and Shrewsbury, while the head was placed upon one of the gates of Lincoln. His widow obtained permission, however, in a short time to remove and bury them."

ARMS-AZ. three cinque foils, or.

earls and other eminent men," by that monarch. 'Tis true he was constituted JUSTICE of ENGLAND, and invested with the power of sitting in whatever court he pleased and where he might list for the administration of justice; but it is not equally certain that he was of so humble an origin, for we find his son Ralph, in the reign of Stephen," abounding in wealth, and erecting a strong castle upon some part of his inheritance in Normandy." The son having such an heritable property would certainly indicate that the family was of importance in the dukedom, prior to the conquest of England; it is not of any consequence, however, for RALPH BASSET required none of the artificial aids of ancestry to attain distinction; he had within himself powers sufficient at any period to reach the goal of honour, but particularly in the rude age in which he lived. To his wisdom we are said to be indebted for many salutary laws, and among others for that of frank pledge. Like all the great men of his day, he was a most liberal benefactor to the church. He d. in 1120, leaving issue,

THURSTINE, who s. to the manor of Colston.
Thomas, ancestor of the Bassets of Hadding-
ton, from whom diverged the Wycombe
Bassets.

Richard, of whom presently. This Richard
is called the eldest son by Dugdale, and by
others, the second.

Nicholas, who was overthrown under the banner of Stephen, fighting against the Empress Maud; and his son forfeited all the estates to Henry II.

Gilbert, of Little Rissington, in the county of Gloucester, ancestor of the Bassets of that place. The third son,

RICHARD BASSET, succeeded his father as JUSTICE of ENGLAND, which high office he filled in the latter part of King Henry I.'s reign, and through the whole of King Stephen's. In the 5th year of the latter monarch, he was sheriff of Surrey, Cambridge, and Huntingdonshire, with Aleric de Vere; and he served the same office for Essex, Hertford, Buckingham, Bedford, Norfolk, Suffolk, Northampton, and Leicestershires. His lordship m. Maud, only daughter and heiress of Geoffrey Ridel, Lord of Witheringe, by Geva, daughter of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, and had issue,

Geoffrey, who, from his mother, assumed the
surname of "Ridel."

Ralph, of Drayton, in the county of Stafford
(a lordship bestowed upon his mother by
the Earl of Chester).
William, of Sapcoate.

He d. and was s. by his eldest son, GEOFFREY RIDEL. This feudal lord married twice, and had issue by both wives, by the first, two sons: viz.

GEOFFREY, who obtained the principality of
Blaye, in France.

Richard, of whom presently.

By the second, one son,

Hugh, from whom the present baronets RIDELL derive.