"Wounded. In battle, 130 officers, 1799 men; aggregate, 1929. "Resignations. 32, in 1846 and 1847.

"Desertions. 1637, of which 9 are marines.

"Additional regiments: discharges, by expiration of service, 2; for disability, 248; by order and civil authority, 56;- total, 306.

"Deaths. Killed in battle, 6 officers, 62 men; died of wounds, 4 officers, 71 men; total killed and died of wounds, 10 officers, 133 men; ordinary deaths, 28 officers, 977 men; total deaths, 38 officers, 1110 men. Aggregate, 1148.

"Wounded. In battle, 41 officers, 427 men. Aggregate, 468. "Resignations, 76; desertions, 445.

THE VOLUNTEER SERVICE.

"The whole number of volunteers mustered into the service from May, 1846; of which 15,911 are mounted men, 1164 artillery, and 54,234 infantry, making an aggregate of 71,309, including 3087 commissioned officers. From this number, it is proper to deduct the force not called out by authority of the war department, nor called out under the act of May 13, 1846, and also the number mustered, but soon after discharged, as supernumerary. This class is embraced in the three and six months' men, and two regiments of twelve months' men from Ohio and Missouri, and one company from Iowa, amounting to 14,383; of which 2774 were discharged a few days after being mustered into service, (except the company,) not being required to proceed to the seat of war. Deducting this class of volunteers from the aggregate mustered and paid, (71,309,) the force enrolled under the act of May 13, 1846, and under the 5th section of the act of March 3, 1847, which authorizes the president to accept the services of 'individual volunteers' to fill vacancies, &c., is about 56,926 officers and men. But this number was further reduced by discharges, &c., before the battalions had left the United States; and it is probable that the number exceeded but little, if any 50,000 men, when put en route for the army.

"So far as can be ascertained from the latest returns received, it appears that the volunteer force for the war and for 12 months, (2017,) now employed in Mexico, New Mexico, and California, (25,260,) and the eleven companies (1082) within the limits of the United States, the sick included, amounts to 1456 officers and 24,886 men. Aggregate, 26,342, being 7589 less than the number

of the same regiments and companies (war men) when first mustered into service. But this difference does not show the actual loss; first, because the greater number of the individual volunteers enrolled, (i. e., recruited,) among which there is much loss, had not joined their regiments at the date of the last returns, and were not of course taken up on the rolls, but they are included in the table, in the aggregate 'received into service.' And second, the casualties, i. e., discharges and deaths, (ordinary,) exhibited in the statement, must be considerably under the actual number, owing to the missing muster rolls yet due from many of the regiments, from which the information alone can be obtained.

"The following general statement presents a condensed view of the various objects of inquiry respecting the volunteer forces.

“Three months' men. The strength when mustered into service was 1390, and when discharged 1269, being a loss of 121.

Discharges before the expiration of the term, 82, of which 3 were for disability.

66

Deaths, 18; ordinary, 8; killed in battle and died of wounds, 10. "Desertions, 22.

"Six months' men, (but held only for three months, the legal term ;) strength when mustered into service, 11,150, and when discharged, 9559; loss, 1591.

"Discharges, before the expiration of the term, 826, of which 370 were for disability.

"Deaths, 127; ordinary, 107; killed in battle and died of wounds, 6; accidental, 14; desertions, 524.

"Twelve months' men. Strength when mustered into service, 26,344, and when discharged, 18,724; loss, 7620, (including loss or difference between original and present strength of 21 companies twelve months' men still in service, 2017 strong at the last returns.)

"Discharges, before the expiration of the term, 4391; of which, 3966 were for disability. ·

66

'Deaths, 2111; ordinary, 1633; killed in battle, and died of wounds, 423; accidental, 55.

"Desertions, 568.

"Volunteers for the war. There are now 31 regiments (or equal to as many) and 4 companies in service the aggregate strength of which, when mustered under calls from the war department, respectively dated June 26, 1846, (1 regiment,) November 16, 1846,

(equal to 8 regiments and 5 companies,) April 19, 1847 (equal to 7 regiments and two companies,) August 26, 1847, (5 regiments,) October 8, 1847, (2 regiments,) and at various other dates, (equal to 7 regiments and 7 companies,) was 31,914, being 2626 less than if all the regiments and companies had been full, as authorized by law. Strength at the last returns — officers, 1357; men, 22,968; aggregate, 24,325; reduced, by this date, probably, to less than 20,000.

“Discharges, 1339; of which, 1084 were for disability.

"Deaths, 1691, to wit: ordinary, 1481; killed in battle, and died of wounds, 171; accidental, 39.

"Desertions, 1770.

"The casualties incident to the whole number of volunteers, under various periods of service, so far as can be ascertained from the rolls received, are as follows, viz.:

"Discharges, before the expiration of the term, 6638; of which, 5423 were for disability.

"Deaths, 3947, to wit; ordinary, 3229; killed in battle, 47 officers and 419 men; died of wounds, 164, officers and men, as far as now ascertained; accidental, 108.

"Wounded, 129 officers, 1217 men.

"Resignations, 275.

"Desertions, 2884.

"Table E of the report, presents a detailed statement of the volunteers on the rolls for service in Mexico, New Mexico, and California, including eleven companies (1082) within the United States, according to the latest returns, to wit: 5527 horse, 297 artillery, 20,518 infantry-making a total of 24,886 men, and 1456 commissioned officers-aggregate, 26,342; of which, 2017 are twelve months' volunteers. This view includes absent men recruited under the law of 1847, many of whom will never join; and, as is already remarked, it is believed that the actual strength of regiments and companies in the field does not exceed 20,000 men, including a numerous invalid list. The forces called out by regiments, and separate or independent companies, and now in service, equal 33 regiments and 1 battalion, and require not less than 15,000 men to complete the establishment.

"General and staff officers provided for the volunteer troops. — The number of general and staff officers appointed for the volunteer forces, under the acts of July 5, 1838, June 18 and June 26, 1846,

is 289; of which number, 11 are generals, 26 majors, 104 captains, 124 surgeons and assistant surgeons, and 24 additional paymasters. Thirty-seven of the persons appointed declined acceptance, 47 were discharged as supernumeraries, 44 resigned, 18 appointed in other corps, 15 died, and 128 are now in service."

Z.

JUSTICE OF THE WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND CHINA.

In closing his lecture upon the war between England and China, John Quincy Adams says,

--

"And here we might pause, my brethren of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Do I hear you inquire, What is all this to the Opium question, or the taking of Canton? These, I answer, are but incidents in that movement of mind on this globe of earth, of which the war between Great Britain and China is now the leading star. Of the four questions which I have proposed this evening to discuss, we have not even reached the conclusion of the first—the justice of the cause between the two parties. Which has the righteous cause? You have, perhaps, been surprised to hear me answer, Britain Britain has the righteous cause. But to prove it I have been obliged to show that the opium question is not the cause of the war; my demonstration is not yet complete. The cause of the war is the Ko-tou! — the arrogant and insupportable pretensions of China, that she will hold commercial intercourse with the rest of mankind, not upon terms of equal reciprocity, but upon the insulting and degrading forms of the relation between lord and vassal. The melancholy catastrophe with which I am obliged to close, the death of the gallant Napier, was the first bitter fruit of the struggle against that insulting and senseless pretension of China. Might I, in the flight of time, be permitted again to address you, I should pursue the course of the inquiry, through the four questions with which I have begun. But the solution of them all is involved in the germinating element of the first, the justice of the cause. This I have sought in the natural rights of man. Whether it may ever be my good fortune to address you again, is in the disposal of a higher power; but with reference to the last of my four questions, What are

the duties of the government and the people of the United States, resulting from the existing war between Great Britain and China? - I leave to your meditations the last event of that war, which the winds have brought to our ears—the ransom of Canton. When we remember the scornful repulse from the gates of Canton in July, 1834, of Mr. Astell, bearing the letter of peace and friendship from Lord Napier to the governor of the two provinces, and the contemptuous refusal to receive the letter itself, and compare it with the ransom of that same city in June, 1841, we trace the whole line of connection between cause and effect-may we not draw from it a monitory lesson, written upon a beam of phosphoric light — of preparation for war, and preservation of peace."

A A.

TREATY

Of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic. Dated at Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848; ratified by the President of the United States, March 16, 1848; exchanged at Queretaro, May 30, 1848; proclaimed by the President of the United States, July 4, 1848.

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

A PROCLAMATION.

"WHEREAS, a treaty of peace, friendship, limits, and settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, was concluded and signed at the city of Guadalupe Hidalgo, on the second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, which treaty, as amended by the Senate of the United States, and, being in the English and Spanish languages, is word for word as follows:

"In the name of Almighty God:

"The United States of America and the United Mexican States, animated by a sincere desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhappily exists between the two republics, and to establish upon a solid basis relations of peace and friendship, which