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of March, 1789, to June 30, 1847, and the Balances of Money in of each year. (Continued.)

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Defalcations of the United States Treasury, from 1789 to 1837.*

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See Document of the Secretary of the Treasury, January 14, 1839 Twenty-sixth Congress, first session, Vol. I. Doc. 10.

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The receipts in specie from the 1st January, 1847, to the 30th June, 1848, amounted to $71,044,840 16

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The disbursements in specie from the 1st January, 1847, to the 30th June, 1848, amounted to

$73,689,883 72

TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, August 10, 1848.

DANIEL GRAHAM, Register.

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Statement of the amount of coinage at the mint of the United States and branches, from 1st January, 1847, to 30th June, 1848.

Amount of coinage during the year 1847,
From 1st January to 30th June, 1848,

TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, August 7, 1848.

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$22,657,671 69 2,576,258 87

$25,233,930 56

DANIEL GRAHAM, Register.

II.

We give the following extract from an able address, by Judge Woodbury, on "the remedies for certain defects in American education:

"Commerce, free and unshackled, supplies wants, comforts, and luxuries, whether to the savage or civilized, and whether near at hand or at the antipodes; and, in this way, by rendering the surplus productions of all countries more valuable in exchange, it helps to excite, encourage, and reward the very highest exertions

of both body and mind. It thus aids to educate all in most important particulars. It rouses industry in the indolent; animates the torpid to enterprise; expands the views of the recluse; civilizes the roughest, and inspires rivalship in the most sluggish. It assists to propagate new opinions and a new faith, under both the equator and the poles; fertilizes every region not covered with eternal snows; and pushing human improvement in all its varied forms, penetrates remotest seas, and crosses the Andes, the Alps, and the Himalayan, almost as daringly as the Alleghanies. The moderns have hardly done justice to former ages in relation to their immense inland trade, enlightening and civilizing wherever it spreadwhether up the Nile from Egypt, or into the remotest Ind from Tyre, and thence from Carthage to distant Britain, and in time overreaching the Atlantides, discovering, under the more adventurous Genoese, a new continent, and gradually pervading the whole western hemisphere.

"The moderns have, to be sure, since entered the farthest isles of the Pacific, and are exploring the ice of both poles; but it is probable they at last must sigh that there are no more worlds to find and civilize which are worth the search.

"One illustration of the enterprise and educating character of commerce, when free, has recently come under my own eye, that may not be without interest to you in connection with this topic.

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'During the last autumn, in a small town in the interior of Massachusetts, I found American lead, which had been dug, partly by Yankee industry and adventure, in the remote wilderness of Wisconsin or Missouri. The same industry and adventure had not only helped to dig, but had transported it through the active channels of commerce, a circuit of more than two thousand miles from the mighty west to the rocky east; and that on routes unknown, but a few years ago, to any thing but the fearless hunter or the birchen Fed partly by meat from the same distant source, and corn from the south, and flour from the middle States, (fruits of the same commercial enterprise,) they were zealously occupied in making this lead into water pipes for operations still more distant, and not a little extraordinary.

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"What, think you, was to be one of their principal markets? Some of this lead was manufacturing by special order, to be freighted again, under the same Yankee perseverance, not merely two thousand miles, but nearly half the circumference of the globe. It

was to double the stormy Cape Horn, twice cross the equator, and find its pathless way over new seas into the remote Sandwich Islands. And for what use?

"To advance again, as a labor-saving machine, the commercial interests of the same spirit which had untiringly explored the forests whence the raw material was obtained. It was in the form of pipes, to conduct water more cheaply and conveniently on board our whale ships, which with others resort so frequently to those islands for their necessary supplies.

"The mode of paying for it evinces with perhaps greater strength the instructive influence of commerce. It was to be paid for by taking in exchange, partly sugar, cotton, and oil, the products of new native labor and skill, among a people not long before (scarce two thirds of a century) barbarous in the extreme, and murdering the immortal navigator who first discovered and blessed them with some elements of civilization. But now, under the teaching and stimulants of commerce transporting thither, as every where else over the whole habitable globe the new sense of duty inspired by the religion of the cross, they are advanced somewhat in letters, agriculture, and the arts, as well as engaging considerably in commerce itself."

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