of D.C.L. from Trinity in 1891, and that of LL.D. from Yale in 1892. He published: Address on death of A. Lincoln (1865); True Protestant Ritualism (1867); Notes on the Gospels (1871); Spina Christi (1875); The Church of the Household (1877); The Valley of the Shadow (1878); Conscience in its relation to the Duties of the Citizen to the State; and Patriotism and National Defence (1885). He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1895.

C. W. Hall

HALL, Christopher Webber, geologist, was born in Wardsboro, Vt., Feb. 28, 1845; son of Lewis and Louisa (Wilder) Hall; and grandson of Justus Hall. He was prepared for college at Leland and Guy seminary and at Chester acad emy, Vt.; was graduated from Middlebury college in 1871; was principal of an academy at Glens Falls, N. Y., 1871-72; of the high school at Mankato, Minn., 1872-73; and superintendent of city schools, Owatonna, Minn., 1873-75. He was married, July 27, 1875, to Ellen A., daughter of the Hon. Mark Hill Dunnell. She died in Leipzig, Feb. 27, 1876. He studied at the University of Leipzig, Germany, 1875-77, and in the winter of 1878 lectured on zoology at Middlebury college. He was instructor in geology in the University of Minnesota, 1878-79; professor of geology, mineralogy and biology there, 1879-91; and in 1891 became professor of geology and mineralogy and dean of the College of engineering, metallurgy and the mechanic arts. He resigned the office of dean in September, 1897, and was granted leave of absence. He was married, Dec. 26, 1883, to Mrs. Sophia L. Haight, daughter of Eli Seely of Oshkosh, Wis. She died July 12, 1891. Mr. Hall was assistant geologist of the geological survey of Minnesota, 1878-81, and in 1883 was appointed assistant geologist of the U.S. geological survey. He was secretary of the Minnesota academy of natural sciences, 1882-95, and editor of its bulletins after 1883. He was elected a fellow of the American association for the advancement of science in 1883 and was a charter member of the Geological society of America. Many scientific and educational papers are the result of his studies.

HALL, David, printer, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1714. He learned the printer's trade in his native city and worked in London, emigrating to America about 1747. He was a partner

with Benjamin Franklin in the printing business in Philadelphia, Pa., 1748-66, when he printed the Pennsylvania Gazette, and with William Sellers, 1766-72, when he was the printer of the Continental money issued by congress, and continued the publication of the Gazette. He was also a stationer and bookseller on his own account. He was succeeded by his sons William and David, who, after the death of William Sellers, became known as "William and David Hall, printers," and they were succeeded by William Hall, Jr., printer. William Hall was a member of the Pennsylvania legislature several years. David Hall, Sr., died in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 24, 1772.

HALL, David, governor of Delaware, was born in Lewes, Del., Jan. 4, 1752. He was admitted to the bar in 1773 and practised at Lewes until the outbreak of the Revolutionary war, when he recruited a company which became part of Haslet's regiment, was commissioned captain in the Continental service, and led his company in the battles of Long Island and White Plains. He was commissioned colonel in April, 1777, and was seriously wounded and incapacitated for further active service. At the close of the war he resumed his practice of the law at Lewes. He was elected governor of Delaware in 1801 as successor to James Sykes, acting governor, 1801-02, and in 1805 he was succeeded by Nathaniel Mitchell. Soon after the expiration of his term of office he was made associate judge under the constitution of 1793. He died in Lewes, Del., Sept. 18, 1817.

HALL, Dominick Augustine, jurist, was born in South Carolina in 1765. He practised law in Charleston, S.C., 1786-1809; was district judge of Orleans territory by appointment of President Madison, 1809-12; and U.S. district judge, 1812-20. He was elected a judge of the state supreme court, whereupon he resigned his seat as district judge to accept the position, but was promptly reappointed by the President as district judge and accepted the reappointment. The military authorities of the United States ordered him to adjourn his court for two months from December, 1814, while the city was being defended against the British army, and in March, 1815, while the city was still under martial law, he granted a writ of habeas corpus for the release of a member of the state legislature, under military arrest by order of General Jackson, charged with exciting a seditious meeting among his troops. The commanding general ordered his rearrest and also caused Judge Hall to be arrested and committed to the jail. The judge was released the next morning and summoned General Jackson before the court for contempt. Jackson appeared and was fined $1000, which he paid, but which congress refunded with interest in 1844. Judge Hall died in New Orleans, La., Dec. 12, 1820.

HALL, Edwin, educator, was born in Granville, N. Y., Jan. 11, 1802; son of Ira and Rebecca (Parker) Hall, and a descendant of John Hall who came from Coventry, England, to Charlestown, Mass., in 1630. His mother was a sister of Judge Nathaniel Parker and of the wife of Judge Nathaniel Hall of Whitehall, N. Y. His father died in 1816 and Edwin abandoned his college preparatory course and went on the farm, teaching school winters. In 1822 he entered Middlebury college, paying his way through the four years' course by teaching school during the vacations. He was graduated in 1826; was principal of Franklin county grammar school, St. Albans, Vt., 1826-27; tutor in Middlebury college, 1827-28; and principal of Addison county grammar school, Middlebury, Vt., 1828-30. On Aug. 27, 1830, he was ordained to the ministry at Hebron, N. Y., by the presbytery of Troy, and supplied churches at Glens Falls and Sandy Hill, N.Y., 1830-31. He was principal of an academy at Bloomfield, N.J., 1931-32, and in July of the latter year was installed as pastor of the First Congregational church, Norwalk, Conn., where he remained till 1854. He was professor of Christian theology at Auburn theological seminary, 1854-76, and emeritus professor, 1876-77. He was married Sept. 2, 1828, to Fanny, daughter of Isaac and Abigail (Savage) Hollister of Granville, N. Y. Middlebury gave him the degree of D.D. in 1846. He publishe1: The Law of Baptism (1840); Refutation of Baptist Errors (1840); The Puritans and their Principles (1846); Historical Records of Norwalk (1817); Shorter Catechism, with Analysis and Proofs (1859); Digest of Studies and Lectures in Theology which was translated into the Chinese tongue; and left in manuscript a treatise on Metaphysics and Outlines in Natural Theology. He died in Auburn, N. Y., Sept. 8, 1877.

HALL, Fitzedward, orientalist and English philologist, was born at Troy, N. Y., March 21, 1825; eldest son of Daniel and Anjinette (Fitch) Hall, and grandson of Lot and Mary (Homer) Hill. His father, Daniel, was a graduate of Middlebury and Dartmouth colleges, and a successful lawyer; and his mother was descended in two lines from Thomas Fitch, colonial governor of Connecticut, her parents, first cousins, having been his grandchildren. His grandfather, Lot, was a Revolutionary naval officer and eventually judge of the supreme court of Vermont. earliest Anglo-American ancestor, John Hall, the father of twelve sons, emigrated from Coventry to Charlestown, Mass., in 1630. Fitzedward Hall was graduated from the Rensselaer polytechnic institute with the degree of C. E. in 1842, and was graduated from Harvard A.B., 1846, and A.M., 1849. In 1846 he sailed for the East, and in September, after shipwreck off the mouth of the

The

Ganges, reached Calcutta, where he at once set about acquiring several of the Indian languages. In 1849 he removed to Ghazeepoor, and thence, shortly afterward, to Benares. Quite unexpectedly, and without solicitation, he was there appointed to a post in the Government college. He was soon advanced to the position of Anglo-Sanskrit professor, and in 1854 to the inspectorship of public instruction for Ajmere and Mairwara. In 1856 he was transferred from Ajmere to Saugor, where, as inspector of public instruction for the Central Provinces, he subsequently terminated his Indian

career.

Meanwhile

occurred the memor

Fitz w

ward stall.

able mutiny of 1857, when, having at the outset barely escaped with his life, he exchanged his civil duties for military for nine months. Impaired in health by the hardships he had undergone, he retreated from India for a year and a half, visiting England and America, and then returned to his duties, which he finally resigned in 1862. From that date he was for some years professor of Sanskrit, Hindustani, and Indian jurisprudence in King's college, London, and was also librarian to the India office. In 1869 he retired to the village of Marlesford, Suffolk, where he continued to prosecute his favorite studies. From 1863 to 1900 he was continuously employed as examiner by the civil service commissioners, his subjects having been, on different occasions, Sanskrit, Hindustani, Hindi, Braj Bhakha, Bengali, Indian history and geography, English composition and the English language. In 1860, while in England on leave of absence, he was honored with the title of D.C.L. by the University of Oxford, in consideration of his services to oriental literature; and in 1895 the degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by Harvard university. His valuable collection of oriental manuscripts and books he presented to Harvard. Anonymous productions excepted, his earliest work was his Hindi version, in 1850, of the Sanskrit Tarkasangraha, a compendium of the Nyaya philosophy. Next appeared, in 1852, his Atmabodha and Tattvabodha, two introductions to the Vedanta philosophy, the first Sanskrit texts published by an American. To these succeeded no fewer than thirty volumes, various as to subject matter, but of interest, mostly, to specialists only besides which may be mentioned his voluminous contributions to Indian, American, and

:

English periodicals and journals. He also rendered literary aid from 1859 to the Oxford English Dictionary, which was still in progress in 1900. He died in Marlesford, Suffolk, Eng., Feb. 1, 1901. HALL, Frederick, educator, was born in Graton, Vt., Sept. 30, 1779; son of Rev. William Hall, Harvard, 1766, first pastor of the Congregational church at Grafton (then Tomlinson) Vt.; grandson of Caleb and Jerusha (Tippetts) Hall; great-grandson of John and Mary (Kimball) Hall; and great grandson of Richard Hall, who settled in Bradford, Mass., as early as 1673. Frederick was graduated from Dartmouth, A.B., 1803; A.M., 1806. He was preceptor of Moor's school, Dartmouth, 1803-04; a tutor in the college, 1804-05; a tutor at Middlebury college, Vt., 180506; professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Middlebury, 1806-24; and professor of chemistry and natural science at Trinity college, Hartford, Conn., 1824-28. After graduating from the medical college at Castleton, Vt., in 1827, he practised for a time and then founded and became president of Mt. Hope college, Md. He was professor of chemistry and pharmacy at the medical department, Columbian university, Washington, D.C., 1840-43. He was twice married: first to Fanny, daughter of the Hon. Jonathan Brace, who died in 1826; and secondly, in 1828, to Clarissa, widow of Roland Lee. He was elected a fellow of the American academy of arts and sciences. He received the honorary degree of A.M. from Middlebury in 1806 and from Harvard in 1810; that of LL.D. from Dartmouth in 1841, and at his death he left a bequest to Dartmouth of several thousand dollars and a cabinet of minerals. Among other works he published: Eulogy on Solomon M. Allen (1818); Statistics of the Town of Middlebury in the State of Vermont (1821); Catalogue of Minerals found in the State of Vermont (1824); Letters from the East and from the West (1840). He died in Peru, Ill., July 27, 1843. HALL, George Henry, painter, was born in Manchester, N.H., Sept. 21, 1825; son of Patten and Parthenia (Coburn) Hall; grandson of John and Mary (Patten) Hall, and of Joseph and Huldah (Wilson) Coburn, and a descendant of Thomas and Mary (Dickey) Hall, who came to America in 1718 with a colony from Londonderry, in the North of Ireland, and settled on land in New Hampshire which had been granted them, and which they named Londonderry; afterward divided into four towns, one of which is Manchester. In 1829 George Henry Hall removed to Boston with his widowed mother. He began to paint at the age of sixteen. In 1849 he went to Germany, studied art at the Dusseldorf academy and afterward in Paris and Rome. On his return to America in 1852 he went to New York, where he made his permanent residence, with

occasional trips abroad. He was elected an associate of the National academy of design in 1853 and an academician in 1868. Among his paintings are: The April Shower, three girls under an umbrella, engraved in Paris by Goupil, in 1855; Thursday Fair at Seville (1860); A Young Lady of Seville and her Duenna (1861); The Precious Lading (1867); The Roman Fountain (1873); A Rug Bazaar at Cairo (1877); Oven at Pompeii (1882); Luna, and Nymph of the Blue Grotto (1886). His

Ger Henry Hall

work consists chiefly of figure painting from Italian and Spanish subjects. He also acquired reputation as a fruit and flower painter.

HALL, Granville Stanley, educator and author, was born at Ashfield, Mass., Feb. 1, 1846; son of Granville Bascom and Abigail (Beals) Hall; grandson of Thomas and Rachel (Howes) Hall and of Robert and Abby (Vining) Beals; and a descendant of John Hall, who emigrated from Coventry, England, to Charlestown, Mass., in 1630, also of John Alden, William Brewster and five other Mayflower immigrants. He prepared for college at Sanderson academy, Ashfield, and Williston seminary, and was graduated from Williams A. B., 1867, A.M., 1870. He attended Union theological

seminary, G. Stanley Halle

1867-68, studied in Europe, 1869-70, and was graduated at Union theological seminary in 1871. He was professor of philosophy at Antioch college, 1872-76; instructor in English at Harvard, 1876-77, and received from Harvard the degree of Ph.D. in 1878; again studied in Europe, 1878-80; was lecturer at Harvard, 1880-83; lecturer on the history of philosophy at Williams, 1881-84; professor of psychology and pedagogy, Johns Hopkins, 1881-88; visited Europe again, and became president of Clark university and professor of psychology, Worcester, Mass., in 1889. He founded and became editor of the American Journal of Psychology in 1887, and

the Pedagogical Seminary, in 1893. He was married first, in 1880, to Cornelia M. Fisher of Cincinnati, who died in 1890; and secondly, in 1899, to Florence E. Smith of Newton, Mass. His son, Robert Granville, was born in 1881. Dr. Hall was elected a member of the American academy of arts and sciences, of the American historical society, of the American antiquarian society, and first president of the American psychological association, organized at his house. He received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Michigan in 1887 and from Williams in 1888. He is the author of: Rosenkranz's Hegel as the National Philosopher of Germany (translated, 1874); Aspects of German Culture (1881); Methods of Teaching History (1883); Hints toward a Select and Descriptive Bibliography of Education (with John M. Mansfield, 1886); How to Teach Reading and What to Read (1890); The Psychology of Adolescence (1903); and many pamphlets, addresses and contributions to periodical literature.

HALL, Henry, author, was born in Auburn, N.Y., Dec. 6, 1845; son of Judge Benjamin F. and Abigail (Farnan) (Hagamon) Hall; grandson of Asbury and Nancy (Foster) Hall, and of John I. and Sarah (Fry) Hagamon, and a descendant of Francis Hall (New Haven, 1639) and of Huguenot ancestors (Brooklyn and New York) on his mother's side, and of several men who took an active part in Indian wars, the American Revolution and the war of 1812. He was eduIcated at Auburn, N. Y. He first entered the newspaper field in 1869 as city editor and editorial writer on the Auburn News and was later employed on the Auburn Advertiser. He was an editor of the Daily Bulletin at Norwich, Conn., 1873-75, was employed in the editorial department of the New York Tribune, 1875-81, and became business manager of the New York Tribune in 1882. His services were appreciated and won for him a place on the board of directors of the Tribune association. In 1881-82 he took the first census of the ship-building industry in the United States for the United States census. The effort to collect similar statistics for the census of 1890 failed through the census bureau disregarding Mr. Hall's specific advice as to how those figures could be obtained. He was a contributor for several years to the London Times, the Boston Journal, the Chicago Tribune, Koelnische Zeitung, and other papers, on industrial and social topics. He was made a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, Sons of the Revolution, the Patriots and Founders, and the Union League, Republican and New York Athletic clubs. He is the author of: History of Auburn (1868); Cayuga in the Field (with his brother James, 1873); and America's Successful Men (1895).

HALL, Hiland, governor of Vermont, was born in Bennington, Vt., July 20, 1795; son of Deacon Nathaniel and Abigail (Hubbard) Hall; grandson of Thomas and Phebe (Blachley) Hall; great-grandson of Hiland and Rachel (Bishop) Hall; and a descendant in the seventh genera tion of John Hall, who came from Kent, England, to Boston, Mass., in 1633 and settled in Middletown, Conn., in 1650. Hiland Hall was reared on his father's farm, attended the district schools with one finishing term at an academy at Granville, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in 1819 and settled

to practice at Ben-Hiland Hall nington. He repre

sented that town in the state legislature in 1827, was clerk of the supreme and county court for Bennington county in 1828; was state's attorney for Bennington county, 1828-31; a Whig representative in the 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th congresses, 1833-43; bank commissioner of Vermont, 1843-46; judge of the supreme court of Vermont, 1846-50, and second comptroller of the U.S. treasury, 1850-51. In 1851 he was appointed by President Fillmore a land commissioner for California to settle disputed titles between citizens of the United States and Mexico. He returned to Vermont, in 1854 and resumed his law practice; was a delegate to the Republican national convention in Philadelphia in 1856, and was governor of Vermont, 1858-59. He was chairman of the Vermont delegation to the Peace congress at Washington, D.C., in February, 1861. He was married in 1818 to Dolly Tuttle, daughter of Henry and Mary (Tuttle) Davis of Rockingham, Vt. He was president of the Vermont historical society, a life member and vice-president for Vermont of the New England historic, genealogical society, a member of the Long Island historical society, and either corresponding or honorary member of many similar societies. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont in 1859. He contributed to historical magazines and is the author of The History of Vermont from its Discovery to its Admis sion into the Union in 1791 (1868); and of various addresses, letters, reports, opinions, papers and biographical sketches published in pamphlet form. He died in Springfield, Mass., at the home of his son with whom he was spending the winter, Dec. 18, 1885.

HALL, Isaac Hollister, orientalist, was born in Norwalk, Conn., Dec. 12, 1837; son of the Rev. Dr. Edwin and Fanny (Hollister) Hall. He was graduated from Hamilton in 1859, was a tutor there, 1862-63, was graduated from the law department of Columbia in 1865, and practised law, 1865-75. In 1875 he edited the "Biblical Research " column in the New York Independent and later in the same year went to Syria, where he was a professor in the Protestant college at Beirut till 1877. He was on the editorial staff of the Sunday School Times, 1877-84, and was then appointed curator in the Metropolitan museum of

art, New York city. In 1886 he lectured on New Testament Greek at Johns Hopkins university. He was one of the first scholars to read an entire Cypriote inscription, and published a series of articles in periodicals on the Cypriote writing and language. He was also a student of Greek, Phoenician, Himyaritic, and other inscriptions and oriental matters, upon which he wrote extensively. He was elected a member of various learned societies of the United States and Europe. He received the degrees of Ph.D. from Hamilton in 1876, L. H.D. from Columbia in 1887, and Litt. D. from Trinity college, Dublin, in 1892. While in Beirut in 1876 he found a Syriac manuscript dating between 700 and 900 A.D. of the Gospels, Acts and some of the Epistles, the Gospels constituting the Philoxenian version. In 1884 he published an account of this, with three facsimile pages; The Antilegomena Epistles in phototype, and Critical Bibliography of the Greek New Testament as Published in America. He died in Mount Vernon, N.Y., July 2, 1896.

HALL, James, clergyman, was born in Carlisle, Pa., Aug. 22, 1744. In 1752 he removed with his parents to Rowan county, N. C., where he attended school. He was graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1774 and the following year was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Orange, N.J. He presided over the united congregations of Fourth Creek, Concord and Bethany, N.C., 1778-90, and over the Church at Bethany alone, 1790-1800. During the war of the Revolution he raised a company of cavalry and led it into South Carolina, acting both as colonel and as chaplain. In 1800 he was delegated by the Presbyterian

general assembly to plant a mission at Natchez, which was the first Protestant mission in the Southern Mississippi valley. He represented the presbytery of Orange in the general assembly of the church for several years, and in 1803 presided over the general assembly. He maintained at his home an "academy of sciences" in which he was the only teacher. The honorary degree of S.T.D. was conferred upon him by the College of New Jersey in 1803 and by the University of North Carolina in 1810. He is the author of: Narrative of a Most Extraordinary Work of Religion in North Carolina (1802); and a Report of a Missionary Tour through the Mississippi and the Southwestern Country. He died in Bethany, N.C., July 25, 1826.

HALL, James, author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 19, 193; son of John and Sarah (Ewing) Hall. His father was a native of Maryland, secretary of the land-office and U.S. marshal for the district of Pennsylvania; his mother was a celebrated author and editor; and his maternal grandfather, the Rev. John Ewing, was provost of the University of Pennsylvania. He was educated for the law, but in 1812 volunteered in the war with Great Britain as a member of the Washington Guards. He commanded a detachment at Chippewa in 1814; fought at Lundy's Lane and at the siege of Fort Erie and received official recognition for his services. He was promoted lieutenant in the 2d U.S. artillery, and in 1815 was with Decatur's expedition to Algiers, on board the Enterprise, Lieut. Lawrence Kearny. He resigned from the U.S. army in 1818; was admitted to the bar, and practised in Shawneetown, Ill., 1820-27; was editor of the Illinois Gazette; public prosecutor, and judge of the circuit court. He removed to Vandalia in 1827; edited the Illinois Intelligencer and the Illinois Monthly Magazine, and was treasurer of the state. In 1833 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, was cashier of the Commercial bank, 1836-53, and its president, 1853-68. He continued his magazine in Cincinnati as the Western Monthly Magazine, contributed largely to periodical literature, and published: Letters from the West (1829); Legends of the West (1832); The Soldier's Bride (1832): The Harpe's Head (1833); Tales of the Border (1835); Sketches of the West (1835); Life of Gen. William Henry Harrison (1836); Statistics of the West (1836; new ed., 1839); History and Biography of the Indians of North America (3 vols., 1838-44); The Wilderness and the War-Path (1845); and Romance of Western History (1847). His works were published in a uniform edition (4 vols., 185356). He died near Cincinnati, Ohio, July 5, 1868.

HALL, James, paleontologist, was born at Hingham, Mass., Sept. 12, 1811; son of James and Susanna (Dourdain) Hall. His parents were natives of Lancashire, England. His father, a