and he resigned his commission in the army and under Gen. Arthur St. Clair as governor assumed his new duties. He was lieutenant-governor ex officio and acting governor during the frequent and prolonged absences of General St. Clair. He resigned in October, 1799, having been elected with William McMillan the first territorial delegates admitted to congress, and he represented the territory northwest of the Ohio river in the 6th congress, 1799-1801. In this congress, as chairman of the committee of investigation into the existing land laws, he secured the subdivision of the public lands into small tracts to the advantage of actual settlers, but much to the regret of speculators, who opposed the measure. When the territory of Indiana, comprising the present area of the state of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, was formed. Harrison was appointed by President Adams in 1800 governor of the new territory and superintendent of Indian affairs, and he served by reappointment through the administrations of Presidents Jefferson and Madison. His powers were extraordinary in that he was commander-in-chief of the territorial militia, Indian commissioner, land commissioner, sole legislator and law-giver. He appointed all magistrates and civil officers and all military officers below the grade of general. He was empowered to divide the territory into counties, and townships, and was the sole judge of the validity of existing land grants, his signature on a title making it unquestionable. He secured for the government treaties with the Indians by which they ceded hundreds of thousands of acres of land to the United States. He also held the pardoning power and supreme power to treat with the Indians. In 1803 the vast territory of Upper Louisiana was placed under his jurisdiction and added greatly to his labor, extending his lines of travel on horseback and by canoe and river crafts in visiting the various posts and tribes. His opportunities for speculating in lands, a business then extensively carried on, were unlimited and unchecked, and yet he refrained to the extent of not acquiring a single foot of land for personal use, fearing lest his official integrity should be questioned. In 1805 he obtained some relief by prevailing on congress to organize the territory with Vincennes as the capital and to provide for an election by the people, for a territorial legislature and for a council of five for the territory, selected by congress from names suggested by the legislature. His conduct of the government of Upper Louisiana resulted in a vote of thanks from the citizens of St. Louis in 1805 for the manner in which he had served their interest. He refused a gift of one-third of the land on which the city afterward stood for his assistance in building it up. The Indian

tribes, provoked in a measure by influence from the borders of British America, became excessively troublesome and General Harrison early in 1811 learned of a gathering of 1000 warriors at Tippecanoe, the town of Ellskwatawa, brother of their chief and prophet of the tribe. He held a council with them, July 27, 1811, which led to no settlement and was prevented from being tragic by the coolness of Harrison, who reported the condition of affairs to Washington and was. authorized to use force to subjugate the savages.. In October he advanced with 1000 men taken from the regular infantry and from the territorial militia, built Fort Harrison near the site of

Terre Haute, and on the 28th, leaving a garrison at the fort, marched within a mile and a half of the town when his force of about 700 was suddenly attacked while in camp. In the battle which ensued the Indians who had gathered were completely defeated and driven from the field by the cavalry. Governor Harrison directed the battle and escaped from the bullets of the savages, although a target for their rifles as he rode his horse at the head of the little army and led in person the company of the 4th infantry that turned the fortune of the day. His hat was pierced by the same rifle ball that killed his aide, Colonel Owen. For his "masterly conduct in the direction and manoeuvring of the troops," and "for the collected firmness which distinguished the commander on an occasion requiring the utmost exertion of valor and discipline," he was mentioned in the message of the President to congress and the legislatures of Kentucky and Indiana. When war was declared with Great Britain, June 18, 1812, the Indians took sides with the British and Harrison was invited to Frankfort, Ky., to consult with Governor Shelby on the adoption of defensive measures. He also consulted with Henry Clay and reported the condition of affairs to President Madison. The British had taken possession of Mackinac and

General Hull had surrendered Detroit and the allied British and Indian forces were in the supremacy all along the border. The legislature of Kentucky on Aug. 25, 1812, commissioned Gov ernor Harrison major-general of the state troops, although he was not a citizen of the state, and he proceeded with a detachment of Kentucky militia to reinforce Hull, the news of whose surrender had not reached Kentucky. On September 2, while en route, he received his commission from the war department as brigadier-general in the regular army. He relieved the garrison at Fort Wayne and turned his detachment over to Gen. James Winchester in command of the northwestern army. He had not as yet accepted his commission in the regular army, as he did not wish to conflict with the powers possessed by General Winchester, but when on returning to Vincennes he received his appointment to the chief command of the northwest with unlimited powers, he proceeded to erect forts, forward supplies and concentrate his army for a move on Detroit. He ordered Winchester to advance to the Rapids, but hearing that Tecumseh was at the headwaters of the Wabash he tried to countermand the order. Winchester failed to receive the countermand and he captured Frenchtown, Jan. 18, 1813, but was repulsed at Raisin river, January 21. General Harrison hastened to his relief, but was too late to prevent that disaster. He then built Fort Meigs, made the journey to Cincinnati to obtain supplies and while there urged upon the government the construction of a naval fleet to co-operate with the army on the border of the Great Lakes. He was commissioned major-general, March 2, 1813. He concentrated his forces at Fort Meigs and on May 1 Col. Henry Proctor laid siege to the fort with a large force of British soldiers and Indian allies. Harrison was relieved by reinforcements under Gen. Green Clay and on May 4 Proctor raised the siege. Colonel Proctor renewed the attack

in July with 5000 men, but after a few days' siege he withdrew. Commodore Perry won his victory on Lake Erie, September 10, and on the 16th General Harrison embarked his artillery and supplies, and on the 20th and 24th his troops, for a descent on Canada. He drove the British force from Malden, Colonel Proctor burning the town and navy yard before his retreat. Harrison overtook the army of Proctor and Tecumseh on October 5 at the Thames, and the entire British force was captured, Proctor escaping in the woods. The cavalry also charged the Indians and the death of Tecumseh early in the fight made them easy captives. This battle, with Perry's victory, put an end to the war in uppermost Canada and Harrison was the hero of the hour. Congress and the state legislatures passed

votes of thanks. Harrison sent his troops to Niagara and went to Washington, where he was ordered to Cincinnati by the President to prepare to protect the Indiana border. Secretary Armstrong assigned Harrison to the 8th military district including only western states where no active service was likely to occur. The secretary also, on April 25, 1813, issued an order to Major Holmes, a subordinate of General Harrison, without consulting the superior officer, and Harrison promptly tendered his resignation, which was accepted by the secretary in the absence of President Madison. He was Indian commissioner with Governor Shelby and General Cass, 1814–15; and a representative from Ohio in the 14th and 15th congresses, 1816-19. While in congress he was exonerated by a committee of investigation appointed by the house from charges made by a contractor of misuse of public money while in command of the army. He was also deprived for two years of a medal voted him by the house in 1816, the act being defeated by his enemies in the senate by a vote of thirteen to eleven, but passed unanimously March 24, 1818, by both houses. In congress he advocated a militia bill, applicable to all the states, which was defeated, but his bill for the relief of soldiers of the late war was passed. He was a state senator, 1820-21; an unsuccessful candidate for representative in the 18th congress in 1822; a presidential elector on the Clay ticket in 1824 and a U.S. senator, 1825-28. He succeeded Andrew Jackson as chairman of the committee on military affairs. He resigned his seat in the senate in 1828 to accept the position of U.S. minister to the United States of Colombia at the hands of President John Quincy Adams. He urged General Bolivar not to accept dictatorial powers at the hands of the people. General Bolivar was not his friend and when General Jackson came into the presidency the South American patriot is said to have influenced the President to recall General Harrison. He retired to his farm at North Bend and served as president of the county agricultural society and as clerk of the court of common pleas of Cincinnati. He was one of four Whig candidates for President of the United States in 1836, the others being Hugh L. White of Tennessee, Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Willie P. Mangum of North Carolina. In the electoral college he received seventy-three votes to twenty-six for White, fourteen for Webster and eleven for Mangun. The Democrats were united on Martin Van Buren of New York, who received 170 electoral votes and was elected. In the Whig national convention 'at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 4, 1839, Harrison was made candidate of the reunited party with John Tyler of Virginia for Vice-President, and in the election of November, 1840, after

one of the most exciting canvasses ever witnessed in the history of national politics, in which the "log cabin" "hard cider," "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" and other campaign cries bore a conspicuous part, he was elected the ninth President of the United States, his popular vote aggregating 1,275,017 to 1,128,702 for Van Buren and 7059 for James G. Birney, Abolitionist. In the electoral college in 1841 he received 234 votes to 60 for Van Buren. He was inaugurated March 4, 1841, and selected as his official family: Daniel Webster of Massachusetts as secretary of state; Thomas Ewing of Ohio as secretary of the treasury; John Bell of Tennessee as secretary of war; George E. Badger of North Carolina as secretary of the navy; Francis Granger of New York as postmaster-general and John J. Crittenden of Kentucky as attorney-general. After confirming the various presidential appointments the U.S. senate adjourned, March 15, 1841, and on March 17 President Harrison directed congress to reconvene in extra session on May 31, 1841, to consider financial questions. He became ill immediately after and on March 27 a chill was followed by bilious pneumonia and he died on Sunday morning, April 4. His wife had not yet been able to take up her residence in the White House and was not present at his death-bed. His body was temporarily deposited in the congressional burying-ground at Washington, but was subsequently removed to North Bend and placed in a tomb.

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The tomb was rebuilt by the family in 1897. On May 30, 1896, an equestrian statue in bronze executed Louis T. Rebisse, sculptor, erected by the citizens of Cincinnati at a cost of $27,000 besides the cost of the pedestal, was unveiled in that city, his grandson, Benjamin Harrison, exPresident of the United States, and his granddaughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Harrison Eaton, being present. President William Henry Harrison died at Washington, D.C., April 4, 1841.

HARRISON STATUE

HARRISON, William Pope, clergyman, was born at Savannah, Ga., Sept. 3, 1830. His father removed to Covington, Ga., in 1835, and there established one of the first newspapers in that section of the state. The son received his educa

tion in the preparatory school of Emory collego and in 1850 entered the itinerant ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church, south. He preached in various places until 1879, when he was elected chaplain of the U.S. house of representatives, and served as such during the 46th and 47th congresses, 1879-83. In 1882 he was elected book editor in the publishing house of the Southern Methodist Episcopal church, to which position he was re-elected in 1886, 1890, 1894 and 1898. He was editor of the New Monthly Magazine; of the Quarterly Review; secretary of the general conference in 1890 and a member of the ecumenical conferences at London (1881) and Washing. ton (1891). He received from Emory college the honorary degree of D.D. in 1866 and that of LL.D. in 1891. He is the author of: Theophilus Walton, or the Magnets of Truth (1858); Lights and Shadows of Forty Years (1883); The Living Christ (1884); The Higher Churchman Disarmed (1886); Methodist Union (1892); The Gospel among the Slaves (1893); and contributions to the religious press. He died Feb. 7, 1895.

HARRY, Joseph Edward, educator, was born at Pylesville, Harford county, Md., Oct. 1, 1863; son of David and Maria Jané (Warner) Harry; and grandson of Joel and Elizabeth (Pyle) Harry, and of Joseph and Margaret (Pyle) Warner. His paternal ancestors emigrated from England with William Penn and settled in Philadelphia; his maternal ancestors came from England in the early part of the 17th century and settled in Bucks county, Pa. He attended the public schools of Maryland and Pennsylvania and was graduated from the Maryland state normal school with salutatory honors in 1880. He taught in public schools, 1880-83, and prepared himself at the same time for college. He entered Johns Hopkins university in 1883, receiving the Hopkins scholarship in 1884, and graduating in 1886. He received a university scholarship in 1887; a fellowship in Greek in 1888, and the degree of Ph.D. from the same institution in 1889. He spent two summers studying and travelling in Europe, and became professor of Greek at Georgetown college, Ky., in 1889. He was a corporate member of the Oriental society from 1891, of the American philological association from 1896, and of the Archæological institute of America from 1898. He was married, Aug. 27, 1890, to Cora, daughter of Amos and Mary (Richardson) Day. He contributed to various journals and periodicals and edited for the college series of Greek authors the Hippolytus of Euripides with introduction, notes and a critical appendix (1899).

HARSHBERGER, John William, educator, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 1, 1869; son of Dr. Abram and Jennie (Walk) Harshberger; grandson of David and Nancy (Rhone) Harsh