...first involved legal or "civil" citizenship: "rights necessary for individual freedom - liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the...conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice." British civil citizenship was obtained through a "long eighteenth century," from 1688 until Catholic...

...In this book, Marshall argued that the extension, first, of elementary civil rights, 'liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the...conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice', second, of political rights, and third, of social rights, sometimes formal, sometimes not, rights to...

...political and social rights. Civil rights refer to the principal concerns of the French revolution: liberty of person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice. Political rights involve the franchise and an access...

...action.” 4. Civil rights are a prerequisite for individual freedom. They comprise the liberty of the person; freedom of speech, thought, and faith; the right to own property and to conclude contracts; and the right to justice (Marshall, 1964). They are very important for the establishment...

...By civil rights Marshall meant 'rights necessary for individual freedom', including liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and enter into contracts and the right to be treated equally with others before the law. Political rights...

...seventeenth and eighteenth centuries had seen the rise of civil or legal citizenship: ‘liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice'. The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had...

...extensive space to the topic; to the contrary, of the more than 3. Marshall uses the following definitions: “The civil element is composed of the rights necessary for individual freedom—liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and to conclude valid contracts,...

...political and social." 42 The first concerned the achievement of "individual freedom — liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the...conclude valid contracts and the right to justice." 43 The "political element" meant "the right to participate in the exercise of political power, as a...

...concerning individual freedom which are associated with the sphere of civil society: "liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the...conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice." 13 Civil rights are associated principally with the institutions of the legal system, such as the courts....

...social. The civil element is composed of the rights necessary for individual freedom — liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the...conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice. The last is of a different order from the others, because it is the right to defend and assert all...