As by the Templars holds you go, The merits of their trade. That travellers may infer from hence Oh! happy Britons! happy isle, ANSWER. Deluded men, these holds foreg "Tis all a trick; these are but shams, Nor let the thought of ti no delay," GIVING THE LIE. The great affront of giving the lie arose from the phrase "Thou liest," in the oath taken by the defendant in judicial combats before engaging, when charged with any crime by the plaintiff; and Francis I. of France, to make current his giving the lie to the Emperor Charles V., first stamped it with infamy by saying, in a solemn assembly, that "he was no honest man that would bear the lie." JOHN STOWE. John Stowe the chronicler in his old age was reduced to poverty, or rather to actual beggary. Shortly before his death, when fourscore years old, he was permitted, by royal letters. patent, to become a mendicant. This curious document is printed in Mr. Bolton Corney's Curiosities of Literature Illustrated, and sets forth, that Whereas our louing Subiect, John Stowe, this fiue & forty yeers hath to his great charge, & with neglect of his ordinary meanes of maintenance (for the generall good as well of posteritie, as of the present age) compiled & published diuerse necessary bookes & Chronicles; and therefore we, in recompense of these his painfull laboures, & for the encouragement to the like, haue in our royall inclination ben pleased to graunt our Letters Patents &c. &c. ; thereby authorizing him and his deputies to collect amongst our louing subiects, theyr voluntary contributions and kinde gratuities. "YOUNG LEVITE." Macaulay has been often assailed for the account which he has given in his History of the former condition and rank of the clergy. He says they frequently married domestics and retainers of great houses—a statement which has grievously excited the wrath of Mr. Babington and other champions. In a little book, once very popular, first published in 1628, with the title, Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered, and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after the Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is the following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a character of a young raw preacher." You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing about him. His friends, and much painefulnesse, may preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe. The following is an additional illustration of Macaulay's sketch, from Bishop Hall's Byting Satyres, 1599:- A gentle squire would gladly entertaine Into his house some Trencher-chapelaine; Some willing man, that might instruct his sons, And that would stand to good conditions. First, that he lie upon the truckle-bed, While his young maister lieth o'er his head; Third, that he never change his trencher twise; Fourth, that he use all common courtesies, Sit bare at meales, and one half rise and wait; But he must aske his mother to define How manie jerks she would his breech should line; All these observ'd, he could contented be, To give five markes, and winter liverie. In a satire addressed to a friend about to leave the University, by Oldham, the condition of a chaplain in the times of Charles II. is thus pictured: Some think themselves exalted to the sky, If they light in some noble Family: Are things that in a Youngster's sense sound great. What slavery he oft must undergo: Who, though in Silken Scarf and Cassock drest, Wears but a gayer Livery at best: When Dinner calls, the Implement must wait If he be deign'd the Honour to sit down. Observe your distance, and be sure to stand And they, tho' loose, still drag about their Chain. A Chaplainship serv'd up, and seven years' Thrall? Is to some slender Benefice preferr'd, With this Proviso bound, that he must wed In dressing only skill'd and Marmalade. The following are additional evidences of the truth of Macaulay's picture. The first describes the life at Wrest in Bedfordshire, where Carew wrote, the seat of Selden's Countess of Kent: The Lord and Lady of this place delight They throng with living men their merry hall, With daintier cates; others of better note, At the Lord's table. Carew. To my friend G. N., from Wrest. The instances from Gay and Pope, or rather Swift, need no comment: Cheese that the table's closing rites denies, No sooner said, but from the hall Gay, Trivia, 1716. Rush chaplain, butler, dogs and all, "A rat, a rat, clap to the door." Pope and Swift, Sixth Satire of Second Book of Horace. NAMES. "Polly" is one of those "hypocorisms," or pet-names, in which our language abounds. Most are mere abbreviations, as Will, Nat, Pat, Bell, &c., taken usually from the beginning, sometimes from the end of the name. The ending y or ie is often added, as a more endearing form: as Annie, Willy, Amy, Charlie, &c. Many have letter-changes, most of which imitate the pronunciation of infants. L is lisped for r. A central consonant is doubled. O between m and 7 is more easily sounded than ɑ. An infant forms p with its lips sooner than m: papa before mamma. The order of change is: Mary, Maly, Mally, Molly, Polly. L for r appears in Sally, Dolly, Hal; P for m in Patty, Peggy; vowelchange in Harry, Jim, Meg, Kitty, &c.; and in several of these the double consonant. To pursue the subject: reduplication is used; as in Nannie, Nell, Dandie; and (by substitution) in Bob. Ded would be of ill omen: therefore we have, for Edward, Ned or Ted, n and t being coheir to d; for Rick, Dick, perhaps on account of the final d in Richard. Letters are dropped for softness; as Fanny for Franny, Bab for Barb, Wat for Walt. Maud is Norman for Mald, from Mathild, as Bauduin for Baldwin. Argidius becomes Giles, our nursery friend Gill, who accompanied Jack in his disastrous expedition "up the hill." Elizabeth gives birth to Elspeth, Eliza (Eloisa ?), Lisa, Lizzie, Bet, Betty, Betsy, Bessie, Bess; Alexander (x=cs) to Allick and Sandie. What are we to say of Jack for John? It seems to be from |