mainly the work of Upton's, Porter's, De Russey's and Randolph's batteries, which were most admirably served. A section of Hexamer's battery was badly served, for many of its shells injured our own men. It was soon silenced by General Slocum's order. The casualties in the Sixteenth were two killed, seven wounded, and two captured on the picket line at night.

Eland A. Woodruff survived his wound half an hour; as he was carried to the rear, he said, "Good Bye, boys, I can't be with you any longer." Another of Woodruff's comrades, when hit with a piece of a shell, concluded that it was a mortal blow, and went to the rear saying, "Tell my friends that I die with my face to the enemy." He now lives in Virginia and has ample facilities to make his exit in the manner then suggested, barring the simple fact that wartime enemies are now good friends.

Harper's Weekly, of August 9, 1862, has a double-paged picture of the battle of Charles City Road, or Glendale; and in the article describing the engagement says this of the Sixteenth New York:

"On the left the veteran Sixteenth New York, in white straw hats so kindly presented to them by the colonel's thoughtful wife, -that Sixteenth whose record was of only twelve missing to 228 killed and wounded, a proportion far below the average of most other regiments, were lying down for better protection; and on the right was another good regiment, the Twenty-seventh New York."

This refers to the location of the regiment in the forenoon. After dark, the regiments of Bartlett's brigade were ordered forward of the position occupied by the artillery, as shown in the picture in Harper's, and were holding it at the time when General Slocum reported his command as "having expended nearly all of our ammunition and being entirely

destitute of rations." The artillery had retired before the infantry regiments of Slocum's division were withdrawn in the manner so well described by Adjutant Bicknell, the historian of the Fifth Maine 1:

"About one o'clock at night, upon the assurance of our general that that place was no place for his boys, the men were aroused from their slumbers, and bid be ready to move. Wearied and tired, even amid the dangers which surrounded them, the great majority of the men were glad, even then, to get one hour of quiet rest. Strict orders were issued that no noise should be made; and, upon the march, orders were transmitted from one officer to another in a low whisper. It seems that there was an aperture of a thousand yards in the rebel lines which had been discovered, and through that, under cover of darkness, we proposed to escape. The utmost caution was required that the movement should not be revealed to the watchful enemy. Everything which would make the slightest noise was ordered to be tightly secured or thrown away. Death was the penalty of speaking aloud, or striking a match. The march commenced. Every bush seemed to us to be a watchful Southern sentinel. Upon either side of the route a slight skirmish was kept up between the pickets to deceive the enemy. As we moved on, we soon passed the battle-fields of the day previous. What if now we should be discovered? But no, on we go in safety. The campfires of the rebels shone brightly but a short distance from our route. General Kearny rides along as we pass the most dangerous points. 'Move on steady, boys,' whispered the General as we passed, 'but if the hounds tread on your heels, kick.' Aye, thought we, surely we will. Yet almost perfect silence reigned. The following morning found us well upon the road, the enemy in our rear, and Slocum's little band, for the most part, safe. I should here note that there were some few of our men, who, in the haste of the moment were overlooked, and hence not awakened. Being taken prisoners by the rebels in the morning, after

a short confinement they were liberated. They reported, that, in the morning following our escape, the enemy sent a flag of truce to demand our surrender, supposing it impossible for us to escape; and they were very much taken by surprise to find that their bird had flown. By sunrise, after a cool and easy march, we were on the summit of Malvern Hill. Here we found almost the entire army in line of battle, and the mouths of hundreds of cannon pointing to the enemy's land."

Osborn's battery came through on the change of base, fighting at Peach Orchard, Savage's Station, White Oak Swamp; marching with the rear guard in order for quick action, with the caissons leading the guns; and taking prominent part in winning the victory at Malvern Hill. Bartlett's brigade went to work building breastworks and constructing abatis. The sixteenth were under arms during the progress of the action, but were rather witnesses of, than participants in the battle of Malvern Hill on July 1st. As the day advanced victory for our arms seemed to be assured, and our men lay down weary and hungry to get a few hours of much needed sleep.

No attempt will be made to trace the movements of the Fourth and the Fifth Corps on their uninterrupted march to the James. The several corps reached their designated positions on the river, between an early hour on June 30th and sunrise of July 1st, and in the afternoon, at Malvern Hill, was fought the last of the seven days' battles, a series of engagements which may be regarded as among the most memorable operations recorded in the annals of war. In the change of base every organization of the army came through intact, and, at 4 P.M. on June 30th, all the trains and a herd of twenty-five hundred beef cattle were parked and corralled on the banks of the James.

General McClellan closes a review of these days and operations in his Own Story, as follows:

"During the Seven Days the Army of the Potomac consisted of 143 regiments of infantry, 55 batteries, and less than 8 regiments of cavalry all told. The opposing Confederate army consisted of 187 regiments of infantry, 79 batteries, and 14 regiments of cavalry. The losses of the two armies from June 25th to July 2nd were:

"The Confederate losses in killed and wounded alone were greater than the total losses of the Army of the Potomac in killed, wounded and missing.

"No praise can be too great for the officers and men who passed through these seven days of battle, enduring fatigue without a murmur, successfully meeting and repelling every attack made upon them, always in the right place at the right time, and emerging from the fiery ordeal a compact army of veterans, equal to any task that brave and disciplined men can be called upon to undertake. They needed now only a few days of well-earned repose, a renewal of ammunition and supplies, and reinforcements to fill the gaps made in their ranks by so many desperate encounters, to be prepared to advance again, with entire confidence, to meet their worthy antagonists in other battles."

CHAPTER XIII

T

HARRISON'S LANDING

HE leading brigade of Slocum's division left the right of the line at Malvern Hill at 11 o'clock P.M., July Ist, but the Sixteenth did not move until 2 A.M. of the 2nd, starting in a heavy rainstorm, and marching on bad roads through deep mud until 2 o'clock P.M., when it went into camp in a large wheatfield, and, after drawing a scant supply of rations and half a gill of whiskey per man, lay down in wet clothes on muddy ground and slept until the morning of the 3rd. Awakened by heavy cannonading on the left, it formed line and stood in the mud until the afternoon, when it marched a mile to a good camping place, drew a full supply of rations, and lay down for a night of comfortable and undisturbed sleep, the first it had enjoyed for a week. On the morning of July 4th, it moved a short distance to a new camp well supplied with water, cleared off the brush, pitched tents, and turned out to celebrate the day, the gunboats and batteries firing the national salute.

The morning report of June 26th showed 32 officers and 751 enlisted men present; the next morning report was made on July 4th, when 24 officers and 530 enlisted men were reported present, a difference in a week's fighting and marching of 8 officers and 221 enlisted men.

Colonel Howland, on arriving at Harrison's Landing, went on board a hospital boat, and proceeded to New York; Major Seaver reported to him in the following letter the