Browne's books and Harrison's books.' This was done by the judges in obedience to a letter from the Council, charging them to be severe with all nonconformists. Elias Thacker and Thomas Gibson were hanged on the Thursday after their sentence, and John Copping on the next day following." - P. 68.

NOTE C, TO PAGE 71.

BARROWE AND GREENWOOD'S LAST EXAMINATION.

I affix the date, March 18th, 1587-88, to the last examination of Barrowe and Greenwood, with some hesitation; for Barrowe only gives "the 18th day of the third moneth," as the date of this examination. Now, according to the usual mode of reckoning in England at that time, March was counted as the first month in the year. This would make the third month, May: and as this narrative follows immediately the account of Barrowe's examination on the 24th of March, 1586-87, the natural inference would be, that this occurred in May, 1587. But, for some unexplained reason, Barrowe began to number the months with January, counting that as the first month of the year. And when he did not thus number the months, he named them, e. g.: "A brief Examination of me, Henry Barrowe, the 19 Nov. 1586." "To Mr. Fisher, Dec. 1590." As to the month, therefore, it seems pretty clear, that, by "the 18th day of the third month," Barrowe meant the 18th day of March: not May, as it would be by the ordinary reckoning; nor June, as Brook (vol. 11. p. 31) has the date. But to determine the year in which this fourth examination occurred, is a much more difficult task. The only data given are, first, the time of Barrowe's second arrest, mentioned by Sir George Paule, in his life of Whitgift; and secondly, the length of his confinement. But most unfortunately, these data are utterly irreconcilable. Paule says, that Barrowe and Greenwood "were again committed to the Fleet, July 20th, 1588"; and Barrowe in his letter to "a Countess," written on the "4th or 5th of the 4th month [April] 1593," says: "We had been well-nigh six years in their prisons." But, if he was "committed to the Fleet July 20th, 1588," he had then been in prison only four years, eight months and

sixteen days; and if to this be added the "half a year's" previous confinement in the Gatehouse - of which he speaks in his last examination it still lacks seven and a half months of six years. This is too great a discrepancy to be allowed. We are constrained, therefore, to give up either Paule's statement respecting the date of Barrowe's second committal to prison, or the prisoner's own statement of the length of his imprisonment. But it is impossible to suppose that Barrowe could deliberately misstate the length of his confinement; especially as it would have equally answered his purpose to have said well-nigh five years, as "well-nigh six years." And it is equally impossible to suppose that he should be mistaken as to the length of his cruel imprisonment. We therefore reject Sir Geo. Paule's statement; and the more readily, because he is manifestly in an error of an entire year, in the date of Barrowe's first arraignment before the ecclesiastical commissioners. If, then, we suppose that Paule was just as much out of the way in giving the time of Barrowe's second arrest, and that Barrowe in his statement to the Countess referred to his second imprisonment only, as having been "well-nigh six years" long, we find the facts agree substantially with his statement; for from July 20th 1587 to April 4th 1593, was five years, eight months and fifteen days; or, if we date back from about the 24th of March, 1592-3 (at which time the words quoted from his letter were written), we shall still have five years, eight months and four days; which may certainly be called, in general terms well-nigh six years." See Paule's Life of Whitgift, pp. 57-59; and Barrowe's Letter to a Countess, in Ainsworth's Apologie; and Waddington's Hidden Church, pp. 78-91.

Henry Barrowe not only numbered the months, but the days of the week also. He held it to be wrong to say Sunday, Monday, etc., because "in the beginning of the booke [the Bible] it is written, that God himself named all the dayes, the first, second, etc." - Exam. in Harl. Misc. 11. 23. And so far as I can discover, he was the first modern writer to adopt the Scriptural method of numbering the months of the year; which was subsequently adopted, to a considerable extent, by the puritans, and fully by the quakers.

NOTE D, TO PAGE 192.

PUBLISHED WRITINGS OF REV. JOHN PENRY.

The following is believed to be nearly a complete list of Penry's published writings.

1. "A Treatise containing the Equity of an Humble Supplication which is to be exhibited unto her Gracious Majesty and this High Court of Parliament, in the behalf of the country of Wales, that some Order may be taken for the Preaching of the Gospel among those People. 1587."

2. "A View of some part of such Public Wants and Disorders as are in the service of God, within her Majesty's Country of Wales; with an Humble Petition to the High Court of Parliament for their speedy Redress. 1588."

3. "A Defence of that which hath been written in the Questions of the Ignorant Ministry and the Communicating with them. 1588."

4. "Exhortation unto the Governors and People of her Majesty's Country of Wales, to labor earnestly to have the Gospel planted among them.

1588."

5. " Dialogue; wherein is plainly laid open the Tyrannical Dealings of the Lords Bishops against God's Children. 1589."

6. "A Treatise; wherein is manifestly proved that Reformation, and those that sincerely favor the same, are unjustly charged to be Enemies to her Majesty and the State. 1590."

7. "The State of the Church of England."

8. "Petition of Peace."

9. His "Apology."

10. "Of Public Ministery."

11. "History of Corah, Dathan, and Abiram, applied to the Prelacy, Ministery, and Church-Assemblies of England. 1609." 12. "The Appellation of John Penry, unto the High Court of Parliament, from the vile and injurious dealing of the Archbishop of Canterbury and others his Colleagues of the High Commission wherein the Complainant humbly submitting Himself and his Cause unto the determination of this Honorable Assembly, craveth nothing else but either release from trouble and persecution, or Just Trial: - [March 7] Anno Dom. 1589." 16mo, pp. 52.

13. Controversy with Dr. Some.

14. "Thesis Genevensium: or Propositions and Principles of Divinitie propounded and disputed in the Universitie of Geneva, by certain professors of divinitie there, under M. Theod. Beza, and M. Anth: Faius, professors of divinitie. Translated out of Latin into English. xxv. Edin. 1591, 4to."

15. Strype says, "there was yet another book which this liberal writer, Penry, threw out about the year 1589, and that was an answer to a sermon preached at Paul's, February 8th, 1588, by Dr. Bancroft."

To the above list may be added, sundry documents prepared by Penry while in prison, and subsequently published, though some of them were strictly private in their character. Among these

were:

16. Penry's Letter to his Wife, giving an account of his Arrest and first Examination. April 6th, 1593.

17. Letter to his Daughters. April 10th, 1593.

18. "Memorial to the Government, containing the Profession of his Allegiance, and the Articles of his Faith, submitted to the Justices. April 10, 1593."

19. "Letter to The Distressed Faithful Congregation of Christ in London, etc. April 24, 1593."

20. "Letter to the Right Honorable, my lord the Lord Burleigh, etc., with John Penry's Protestation before his death. May 23, 1593."

See Brook's Lives of the Puritans, vol. 11. p. 68; Waddington's Life of Penry, p. 41; Hanbury's Memorials, vol. 1. p. 72; Strype's Life of Whitgift, vol. IL. p. 48.

NOTE E, TO PAGE 215.

THE ARREST OF MR. JOHNSON'S CHURCH IN LONDON.

The exact date of the arrest of the body of Mr. Johnson's church is somewhat doubtful. Mr. Waddington places it on March 4th, 1592-8; but unfortunately does not give his authority. A petition addressed to the council, by the friends of the imprisoned church members, says, that there were "about three

score and twelve persons, men and women, young and old, lying in cold, and hunger, in irons; of which number they have taken, the Lord's day last past, being the third of the fourth month, 1592, about some fifty-six persons, hearing the word of God truly taught, praying and praising God, in the very place where the persecuted church and martyrs were enforced to use the same exercise in queen Mary's days." - Hanbury, 1. 88-90. Now, if these petitioners computed time, as their acknowledged leaders, Barrowe, Greenwood, and Penry did, from January, (See Appendix, Note C), then the arrest of the church at Islington must have been on the third day of April, not the 4th of March; and if the year is given correctly (1592) the whole transaction related by Buck must have occurred in 1591; a year earlier than the time assigned in the text. This supposition would agree with the date given by Strype (Annals, 1v. No. 61) to the petition of Bowman, Studley, Kniston, and Lee, the elders and deacons of the church, and several members of the same, from prison "" near this time"

- April, 1592. But, unfortunately, these dates do not harmonize with the date of Buck's examination, March 9th, 1592-3. If this latter date is correct, then Mr. Johnson's church was formed in September, 1592; if the other dates are correct, then in 1591.

The examination of George Johnson, preserved by Baker (MSS. Coll. vol. xv. p. 107, in Hanbury, 1. 87) goes to confirm Waddington's date, of March 4th, 159[2]-3. It reads thus: "2 Aprilis, 1593. The examination of George Johnson, late School Master in St. Nicholas Lane, London; born in Richmond, in the County of York, of the age of twenty-nine years, taken before Mr. Dr. Cesar, Mr. Dr. Goodman, Dean of Westminster, Mr. Dale, and Mr. Barnes, Commissioners, etc., who refuseth to take an oath, but saith, first, That he hath been a prisoner in the Fleet a month; committed by the High Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes, viz. by the Bishop of London and others, for being taken in an Assembly of people, in a wood beyond Islington. Item. That he was once before the Bishop of London examined; secondly, before Mr. Yonge [Young] and Mr. Ellis; and thirdly, before the Lord Chief Justice of England and the Lord Anderson. Item. Being demanded by whom he was drawn into his opinions? saith he was drawn thereto by the Word of God, and by hearing of Mr. Egerton preach, at his sermons. Item. Being asked what they intended if they had drawn themselves to a greater number?