bodies of stagnant waters, except in a very few locations, and as a consequence, the atmosphere is generally pure and sweet, and remarkably free from misasmatic emanations.

Kentucky contained in 1850 a population of 982,405 souls, or one person to every 26 acres; and its distribution among the several counties was in the following proportions:

The number of dwelling houses in the state on the 1st June, 1850, was 130,769, and the number of families 132,920, and hence the number of persons to each house or family was about 7 1-2, but in this reckoning the slave dwellings and families are set down as a part of the estate of their owner. The mortality amounted to 15,206, or a ratio of deaths in the proportion of one to every 64 persons, being about 1.5 per cent.

The industry of Kentucky is chiefly agricultural, but manufactures have of late years made great advance. In 1850 there were in the state 74,777 farms under cultivation, and the crops of grain in millions of bushels amounted-Indian corn to 58, oats to 18, wheat to 24, rye to 3, but those of barley and buckwheat were very small. The great staples of the state are hemp and flax, and tobacco, of which articles an immense amount is annually produced. Live stock is abundant, and vast numbers of cattle are exported annually, chiefly to the southern states, for consumption. The hog trade is immense, and its products, as lard, lard-oil, candles, prussiate of potash, etc., form a material item in the general wealth. Large amounts of wool and of the products of the dairy are also produced.

The number of manufacturing establishments in the state, producing not less than $500 annually, was in 1850, 3,471. The cotton manufactures employed a capital of $239,000, and consumed 3,760 bales of cotton, worth $180,000, gave employment to 891 operatives, and yielded 1,003,600 yards of goods, valued at $274,000; beside which 725,000 pounds of yarn was produced. The woollen manufactures employed a capital of $249,820, and consumed 673,000 pounds of wool, worth $205,287; hands employed, 382; value of products, $318,819; goods manufactured, 878,034 yards. The capital invested in the manufacture of iron was $176,000, and the value of raw material used,viz. : 2,000 tons pig metal, 1,600 tons blooms, and 280,000 bushels of charcoal, amounted to $180,805; hands employed, 183; wrought iron made, 3,070 tons; and value of products, $299,700. The manufactures of tobacco, cordage, bagging, and some other articles are very extensive.

Kentucky has no direct foreign trade, but exports and imports through New Orleans or the Atlantic ports. The river and internal trade of the state, however, is considerable, and the latter has progressed of late years with great rapidity. The chief exports of Kentucky are its tobacco, flax and hemp, some cotton, wool, grain, and dairy products; also cattle and hogs, with immense amounts of animal products. The shipping owned within the state in 1850, amounted to 14,820 tons, all of which was navigated by steam-power. The chief shipping port is Louisville on the Ohio.

The state has several lines of railroad in operation, and has projected a system that will embrace the whole surface. The existing railroads arethe Lexington and Frankfort line, 29 miles long, and the Frankfort and Louisville line, 49 miles long; and the projected railroads are the Tennessee and Cincinnati line, from Nashville, Tenn., via Frankfort; the Nash

ville and Louisville line; the Nashville and Mississippi line, terminating at Columbus; the Covington and Lexington line; the Maysville and Danville line, etc. The Mobile and Ohio railroad will traverse this state in its western part. There are also in the state several short canals and river improvements, and a bridge over the Ohio river at Louisville is talked of. Kentucky has 5 banks and 21 branch banks. The banking capital of the state amounted, at the close of 1850, to $7,536,927; the circulation to $7,613,075; deposits to $2,323,607; and other liabilities to $1,256,589. At the same date the loans and discounts amounted to $12,506,305; stocks to $694,962; real estate to $419,070; other investments to $440,127; specie to $2,791,351; and other assets to $3,002,034.

The first constitution of Kentucky was framed in 1790, the second in 1799, and the present one in (11th June) 1850. This latter constitution secures the right of voting at all elections to every free white male citizen 21 years of age and upward, and who has resided in the state two years, in the county, town, or city one year, and in the precinct 60 days next preceding the election. Elections are held on the first Monday in August.

The Legislature consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. Senators, 35 in number, are elected from single districts for four years, and must have attained to the age of 30 years, have resided in the state six years, and in the district from which they are elected, the last year. Representatives, 100 in number, are chosen from single districts for two years, and must have attained the age of 24 years, and have resided in the state two years, the last thereof in the district. Sessions are biennial, commencing 1st November, 1851. No session is to continue more than 60 days.

The Governor (and Lieutenant-Governor) is chosen for four years by a plurality of votes. He must be 35 years old at the least, and have resided in the state the six years immediately anterior to his election. A majority of both houses of the Legislature may annul any veto he may place on a bill. All executive officers, except the Secretary of State, who is appointed by the Governor, are elected by the people.

The Judiciary consists of a Court of Appeals, District and Circuit Courts, and County Courts. The four judges of appeals are elected by the people for eight years, the 12 district and circuit judges for six years, and the county judges (three for each county) for four years. Each county elects also two justices of the peace for four years. Attorneys, clerks, coroners, jailors, and assessors are elected for the same term as the judges to whose court they are attached. Sheriffs are elected for two years.

The receipts into the public treasury for the year ending 10th Oct. 1850, amounted to $598,602 29, and the total resources, including a balance, to $619,611 84. The total disbursements amounted to $522,754 78, leaving a balance of $86,857 06 in the treasury. The expenses of this year included the pay of the convention for framing the new constitution, and the payments to the sinking fund. On the 31st December, 1850, there was a balance to the credit of the sinking fund of $78,225 35; its total resources for the year then ending were $444,113 74, and its disbursements on account of the public debt, payment of interest, etc., amounted to $365,888 39. The public debt at the time above stated consisted of the following items: bonds bearing 5 per cent. interest, $536,545; bonds bearing 6 per cent. interest, $3,661,092; total, $4,248,637.

The value of taxable property was $299,381,809, and the government owns $1,270,500 in bank stock, 400 miles of turnpike, 29 miles of rail

as the amount Di 5 cities and

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Stebes, tud a Lolly bowed ys I Defa Were Temset in a Trek bećaling reported was 7.4 wona 42 756 The Evora Escritated to such counties, %. $51.64% of #ia suliis was fica the permanent $174 from the two art tak These statistics embrace styna mesected with the state system. The number of 1. tre in the state between 3 ani 15 yars of age was 192,990. boste te fene i her grabs of elastic are numerous, and of these the to.... ng are the principal:

The acuzate number of volumes in the college libraries is about 75,000. The institutions of the state for the relief of the unfortunate are, the State Lunatic Asylum at Lexington; the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Danville; the School for the Blind at Louisville; and the Marine Hospitals at Smithland and Louisville. The State Penitentiary is located at Louisville.

The Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians are the most numerous of religious denominations, and have respectively about 69.000, 31,000, and 13,000 church members. The Episcopalians have a bishop and about 30 elergy, and the Catholics a bishop and several churches.

The militia of the state consists of 85.619 infantry, 1.560 cavalry, 679 artillery, and 771 riflemen.

FRANKFORT is the state capital. It is situated on the Kentucky river, 60 miles from its mouth, at the base of the lofty hills through which the waters pass. Lat. 38' 14' N., long. 84 40 W. The state-house, built of white marble, is a handsome edifice, and the penitentiary, conducted on the Auburn plán, is a strong and durable structure. Steamboats come up to the city, and keel-boats navigate the river above. Population 4,372.

LOUISVILLE is the chief commercial city of the state, and lies on the south bank of the Ohio river, immediately above the falls. The canal, from Portland, enables steamboats to come to the wharves. The trade is extensive and valuable, and manufactures of various descriptions are carried on with great spirit. Founderies, steam-bagging factories, cotton and woollen mills, flouring mills, etc., are numerous. The city has many handsome public buildings, and the private residences are comfortable and well built. Population in 1850. 43.217.

LEXINGTON is the oldest city in Kentucky. It is surrounded by a most beautiful and fertile country. The Transylvania University, the State Lunatic Asylum, and several other public buildings, are important adornments to the city. Population, 7,500. The Hon. Henry Clay, the illustrious statesman, resides at Ashland, near this place.

MAYSVILLE, On the Ohio, with a population of 4,255; AUGUSTA, the seat of a college; NEWPORT and COVINGTON, on the opposite banks of Licking River; Harrodsburg, Bardstown, etc., are the other most important cities.

The first permanent settlement within the present limits of Kentucky, was made by the celebrated Daniel Boone, in 1775. Until 1790, it was an integral portion of Virginia, but in that year it became detached and formed for itself a constitution. In 1792, it took its station as an independent member of the United States. Since this period, it has rapidly progressed in population, wealth and standing as a state, and now claims as its citizens some of the most patriotic statesmen that ever sounded the tocsin of liberty. Among these, the names of Clay and Crittenden are pre-eminent-names as much revered at home as they are respected and confided in by all foreign nations.

"THE STATE OF MISSOURI.

MISSOURI is situated between 36° 30′ and 40° 30′ North latitude, and between 89° 20′ and 96° West longitude. It is bounded on the north by the State of Iowa; on the east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Illinois and Kentucky; on the south by the "compromise line" of 36° 30′, and on the west by the Indian territory and the Missouri River. Length, from north to south, about 315 miles : breadth, 280 miles. The superficial area is 67,451 square miles, or 43,169,028 acres, all of which, except 2,680,857, have been surveyed.

With the exception of the alluvial bottoms, Missouri is rolling or hilly; yet no part rises to an elevation deserving the name of a mountain. No other state in the Union is so greatly diversified as respects soil and external features. The south-eastern corner is almost entirely alluvial. A range of hills commences in François county, and extends in a south-westerly direction to the southern boundary of the state. Another range of a larger class, commencing near the Missouri, and between the waters of the Gasconade and Osage, continues through the state, increasing in magnitude until far within the State of Arkansas; these are termed the Ozark Mountains. This ridge is frequently very abrupt near the water courses, and often retiring from them, with strips of rich alluvial between. In St. François county exists the celebrated mountain of the micaceous oxide of iron, which has an elevation of 350 feet above the surrounding plain, is a mile and a half across its summit, and yields eighty per cent. of pure metal. Five miles south is another magnificent pyramidal mountain of the micaceous oxide of iron, known as the Pilot Knob, 300 feet high, with a base of a mile and a half in circumference. This pyramid is not in plates, but huge masses of several tons in weight, and yields also eighty per cent. Copper is found in Missouri, and its inexhaustible lead mines are well known. The "Pine Ridge," in this region, furnishes that lofty timber in abundance; many of the trees being ninety feet high, and four feet in diameter. Washington county is a perfect bed of metallic treasures,-lead and copper, copperas, chalk, black lead and brimstone, cornelian and other precious stones, free-stone, grind-stone, and burr-stone. St. Genevieve county has numerous quarries of magnificent marble, and vast caverns of beautiful white sand, resembling snow, much prized for the manufacture of flint glass. "Throughout the mineral district is found, on searching the bowels of the earth for ores, beds of rich red marl clay, which has been proved to be the