CONTENTS. LECTURE I. INTRODUCTION-British not spoken by the present English; nor Irish by all the People of Ireland-Mixture of Races in Ireland-Origin of Diversities of Language-Teuton, Founder of Saxon Race-Manus or Noah-Origin of the Term Babbler-First Arrival of Saxons in Britain-Brittany formerly called Armorica-Sasonaghs-Saxons, wherefore so called-England, why so named, and by whom,-Origin of the Names of Goths, Vandals, Lombards, and WelshInvasion of the Danes-Norman Conquest-Efforts to suppress the Anglo-Saxon-the Conquest proved a Means of spreading the Saxon Language-Norman-French the Language of the Court-Saxon the People's Language to this Day-Normans soon adopted the English Tongue-their Original Language had been Teutonic-Words derived from Latin introduced chiefly in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries-Normans the Possessors of the Soil, and Saxons Tillers of the Land-Words relating to Agriculture chiefly Saxon-Animals in the Field called by Saxon Names; but Animal Food when killed, by Norman-French-Bacon, an Exception-Origin of the Phrase, To save Ove's BaconDays of the Week, and Seasons of the Year, retain their Saxon Names; but the Months derived from Latin-Origin of Names of Days of the Week-Lent and Easter, wherefore so called-Derivation of Almanac-the Saxons counted Time by the Nights, and the Age of Man by the Winters--Words PAGE. relating to Handicraft-Trades, Saxon-Words applicable to Warfare, French-Nautical Terms and Phrases, Saxon- Words relating to Science and Government, of Greek Origin -simple Nouns and Verbs, Saxon; but Adjectives and De- rivatives, taken from Foreign Languages-Monosyllables prevail in Anglo-Saxon-Dealers in Necessaries of Life called " chant," from the French-Shires in England, but Counties in Ireland-Derivation of various Words of Saxon Origin [for Particulars of which, see Index to Words at the End of the Volume]-Horne Tooke's Etymology of Conjunctions, Adverbs, and Prepositions-Interjections-"Pagans" and "Heathen" are of similar Signification-Words pronounced alike, but of different Meanings and Origin-the Names of the Parts of the Human Body, of Plants and Trees, and of PAGE. DERIVATION of various Words of Saxon Origin, continued [for Annotations from, or Reference to, Milton, Shakspeare, Swift, Scott, Gray, Cowper, Byron, Pope, and Tennyson-Dr. Johnson's Style less Saxon-Advantage of Words borrowed from Latin and Greek-Synonyms-Importance of Simplicity and Clearness of Style-Saxon generally preferable to adopted Words-Prevalence of the English Language, SUPPLEMENT. PAGE. 70 to 130 REMARKS on the Proportion of Words in the English Language derived from the Anglo-Saxon, and the Character of such Words, as compared with those of other Origin-Additional Anglo-Saxon Words, with many now obsolete, and those still in Use, derived from them [for Particulars of which, see Index to Words at the End of the Volume]-Remarks of Grimm on the English Language-and of Harrison in Hollinshed's Chronicle-Conclusion, 131 to 209 INDICES. INDEX to Words explained in the Lectures and Supplement- 210 to 223 "I SHOULD think that person a very injudicious friend to Mechanics' Institutes, who should pretend that, in your reading rooms and lecture rooms, the means were afforded of turning out your members as finished scholars, or ready-made philosophers, or of conferring those distinctions which must always be the reward of the midnight oil of the student, or the life-long researches of the experimentalist. But, if it be the object to raise the toiling masses of our countrymen above the range of sordid cares and low desires-to enliven the weary toil and drudgery of life with the countless graces of literature, and the sparkling play of fancy-to clothe the lessons of duty and of prudence in the most instructive as well as the most inviting forms-to throw open to eyes, dull and bleared with the irksome monotony of their daily task-work, the rich resources and bountiful prodigalities of nature-to dignify the present with the lessons of the past and the visions of the future-to make the artisans of our crowded workshops and the inhabitants of our most sequestered villages alive to all that is going on in the big universe around them, and, amidst all the startling and repelling distinctions of our country, to place all upon the equal domain of intellect and of genius;-if these objects-and they are neither slight nor trivial—are worthy of acceptance and approval, I think they can be satisfactorily attained by the means which Mechanics' Institutes place at your disposal; and it is upon grounds like these that I urge you to tender them your encouragement and support."— Lectures and Addresses; by the EARL OF CARLISLE. ENGLISH ROOTS, &c. &c. LECTURE I. "If we knew the original of all the words we meet with, we should thereby be very much helped to know the ideas they were first applied to, and made to stand for."-LOCKE. THE subject of our lecture this evening is, as announced in the Syllabus-ENGLISH ROOTS, AND THE DERIVATION OF WORDS FROM THE ANCIENT ANGLO-SAXOn Language. At first, I had written it for our Secretary, to whose valuable services the "Waterford Mechanics' Institute" is so much indebted, as simply a lecture On English Roots. But if I had stopped there, without any further explanation of my subject, it might, perhaps, have been thought that I was about to deliver a lecture on the vegetable productions of England; and those of my audience who are engaged in farming pursuits, or who take an interest in agricultural B |