Quoting from publications of the League the Commission then says: "From the above quotations this American 'peace' organization makes it plain that, while its purpose is to instigate strikes, picket lines and demonstrations to prevent manufacture or shipment of all materials necessary to the United States in time of war, it actively assists the radical side of the Spanish conflict. By its assertions and arguments that to defeat capitalism will bring peace, and Ito follow the Soviet Union will also achieve peace, and by its aggressive aid to the Left Wing Spain, the League likewise contradicts its own denial that the Barcelona government is of Communist character. One of the purposes of the League is to combat opponents of 'red' organizations. We have frequently seen these tactics used in the Commonwealth." (Page 488.)

The Commission lists the indorsers of the call for the fourth National Congress, in the fall of 1937 in Pittsburgh. Names of prominent clergymen and labor leaders and Congressman Bernard of Minnesota are included on the list. (Pages 495-498.)

AMERICAN STUDENT UNION

41. The National Student Union was created to win masses of student youth to the Party's objectives. (Page 527.) * * Particular efforts have been made to organize college students into a revolutionary organization. (Pages 528 et seq.) In 1935 the Student League for Industrial Democracy combined forces with the N. S. U. and the American Student Union was formed. (Page 528.) * * * "The A. S. U. seeks not only to prevent its own members from giving military support to the United States, but also strives to weaken military defense of this country, and of this Commonwealth, in every possible manner. Those training units in schools and colleges which might ultimately be of military aid to our governments, such as the Reserve Officers Training Corps, are particularly objects of attack." (Page 543.) "Like other United Front organizations, the American Student Union has taken active part in organizing industrial unions." (Page 545.)

42. "In another section of this report the Commission found that the organizing campaign which preceded elections under the National Labor Relations Board were chiefly in the hands of Communist functionaries. Students from the Communist Progressive Labor School in Boston participated in this campaign. Members of the A. S. U. participate in picket lines * * * when no A. S. U. member participating was either employed or had been at the place being picketed or had any personal interest therein, or was a member of the union involved in the strike." (Pages 545-546.)

COMMUNIST FINANCIAL RECORDS

43. The Commission subpenaed the financial records of the Communist Party in Massachusetts but found they contained deletions, changes, and figures which did not check with each other and the submitted records "reeked of ink eradicator." The Commission brands as a "forgery" the financial statement it has received. "By aid of modern science" the Commission says it deciphered some of the changes, and the report gives a list of many of them, including certain "subsidies" paid. (Pages 563 et seq.)

CONCLUSION

44. "In conclusion, the Commission submits that seditious doctrines are being regularly advocated throughout the Commonwealth; that a great interlocking of admittedly Communistic organizations with organizations equally Communistic, but denied so to be, exists in this State. It is necessary that citizens of Massachusetts and the American public generally be enlightened as to what actually is taking place. The constant misuse of the term "Fascism" as synonymous only with "anti-Communism" is significant of Communistic misrepresentation and deceit. Communism is a present menace in this country. Its influence is spreading rapidly in this State. Throughout the months during which the Commission has been actively at work, no witness, Communist or non-Communist, no official of the League Against War and Fascism, which was organized, as its name implies, to combat Fascism, presented evidence of any international Fascist activ

ity within the borders of this State. Several witnesses did refer to what they termed “Fascist tendencies” and designated the creation of this Commission e such a tendency.

"Excerpts from Communist publications printed in this report, and a Tax additional amount of material from official Communist sources, show that h Communists seek to implant in the minds of the American people the notion the the United States of America, having been born of revolution, is essentially res lutionary in character, and that only through another similar revolution can the working man get a fair deal in this country. They cleverly avoid the obvie i fact that the forbears of the so-called American revolutionaries left their na | land and suffered great privation and hardship by journeying across unchartere seas to settle in and develop a wilderness. The Communists avoid reference! the fact that American colonists endured such privation and hardship to escap intolerance and dictation. They avoid the fact that those colonists made no r tempt to create revolution in the homeland; but, forsaking all that was dear n them, journeyed afar seeking by purely peaceful means an opportunity to live, lives free from the pressures of imperialism. It was not until that right was later challenged that war ensued. In other words, the American revolutionists represented a great migration to these shores of persons who would escape th tyranny of dictation,-dictation which is the very thing the Communist tow seeks, through the ultimate use of arms and bloody revolution, to impose upon us "Education of the American masses in the teaching of Marx, Engels, Lenir and Stalin, and an awakening of those masses to the atrocities resultant free any successful attempt to superimpose the theories, technique or objectives of those teachings upon the American people, is an urgent present need.

"In educational enlightenment and a penetrating understanding of the actua methods and objectives of the Communist lies the greatest protection of America against civil war. By knowledge our American People can be protected agains the efforts of a diabolically clever psychology and technique by means of whic Communists and their sympathizers, setting up a pseudo plea for protection ef 'civil liberties', seek to engender discontent, disbelief and bitter class hatred seek to substitute in America a plan of government ruthlessly barbaric and wholly alien to our ideals,-a plan which sanctions torture, persecution and 'liquidation' of the nonconformist-all in the name of 'peace' and 'democracy.' "The members of this Commission believe that America has no apology & make to the world; that Americans always can be relied upon to welcome to these shores all lovers of true constitutional democracy. They likewise believe there is no place here for traitors among men from whatever country they may spring, even from the soil of America itself. Loyalty to one's faith, to one's God, to one's home and one's country always has been considered a virtue i America. It is no less a virtue because of propaganda seeking to dismiss it as super-patriotic or chauvinistic." (Pages 578-580.)

REPORT COVERING STUDY OF LABOR RELATIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN

[The contents of this pamphlet represent merely a collection of facts. They are po intended to, and do not in any way, purport to be conclusions, opinions, or recommenda tions of the Republic Steel Corporation or the persons who made the survey.]

Based on study made in December 1937 by C. M. White, vice president in charge of operations, J. A. Voss, director of industrial relations, Republic Steel Cor poration, Cleveland, Ohio

Union Membership in Iron and Steel Industry in United Kingdom_

16

16

Survey of Industrial Relations by Committee on Industry and Trade of Great Britain.

28

CHAPTER II. EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATIONS AND NATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF EMPLOYERS'

ASSOCIATIONS

Employers--

Employers' Associations-The Iron and Steel Trades Employers' Association 29 The National Confederation of Employers' Associations....

30

32233

29

CHAPTER III. MARKETING

Attitude of British Government Toward the Steel Industry.
Set-up of Iron and Steel Federation___

Price Regulation and Quotas---

General Comments--

CHAPTER IV. GENERAL COMMENTS

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit

1. Twenty-second Abstract of Labor Statistics of the United Kingdom (19221936), Ministry of Labour.

2. Constitution, Rules and Procedure of Joint Industrial Council (Adopted August 13th, 1924), Welsh Tinplate and Sheet Trades.

3. British Methods of Industrial Peace, by Ducksoo Chang, Ph.D., Columbia University Press, 1936.

4. Rules of the British Iron, Steel, and Kindred Trades Association, the London Caledonian Press, Ltd., 1933.

5. Report on Collective Agreements Between Employers and Workpeople in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Ministry of Labour, 1934, Vol. 1.

6. British Trades Disputes Act of 1927.

7. Report of the Commissioner for the Special Areas in England and Wales for the Year Ended 30th September 1937.

8. Ministry of Labour Report for the Year 1936.

9. Report of the Import Duties Advisory Committee on the Present Position and Future Development of the Iron and Steel Industry, July, 1937.

10. Constitution of the South Wales Siemens Steel Trade Conciliation Board (Adopted January 11th, 1924).

11. Sliding Scale, Joint Industrial Council for the Welsh Plate and Sheet Trades. (Memorandum of agreement unanimously accepted at the annual meeting of the Council held 12th July, 1929, to come into operation on Sunday, 4th August, 1929).

12. Coal Mining Industry Statistical Summary of Output, and of the Costs of Production, Proceeds and Profits of the Coal Mining Industry for the Quarter ended 30th June, 1937.

13. The Industrial Situation, National Confederation of Employers' Organizations, 1931.

14. Survey of Industrial Relations, Committee on Industry and Trade, 1926.

[9]

CHAPTER I. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LABOR RELATIONS

1. The basic principle of labor relations as practiced in Great Britain is tolerance. The attainment of unity and order is brought about, not through the power of Government, but through the cooperation of employers' associations and trade unions in the various industries.

2. British labor attitude has developed to the point where a spirit of e operation between employers and employees, with a minimum of governments interference, is generally viewed as the policy most in the public interest.

3. Government does not undertake to interfere in the relations of employers and employees nor to stimulate the growth of trade unions. In 1927, as an aftermath of the unsuccessful general strike of 1926, The British Trades Disputes Act placed restrictions upon the workers and their unions.

4. Great Britain has no law which compels any employer to deal with a laber union. The entire effectiveness of the British system of conciliation and arbitration depends on the effective organization of employers and workmen. 5. England has no Labor Boards, as it is felt that their presence stimulates labor disputes. The Government of Great Britain has come to the conclusio that industrial disputes can be settled in an amicable fashion only by making the laws "neutral, just and equal" as between employers and workmen, and by remaining in the background and leading them to compose their differences among themselves by reason and understanding, rather than by the force of i

law.

[10] 6. Public opinion is a strong moral force in England and compels close adherence by unions and employers to any type of contract entered into by them.

7. British industry has, after a long experience of turmoil, worked out a scheme of cooperation between employers and workers on the basis of repre sentation of those engaged in industry, and on the recognition of the greater responsibility of industry for the community at large.

8. British people, devoted as they are to moderation, fair-play and practical idealism, believe that through these principles they will gradually erect a more enduring democratic structure of industrial government.

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY

The Iron and Steel Industry is organized for collective bargaining on the part of both employers and workmen.

As soon as labor began to combine effectively, the employers entered into counter-combinations. (Exhibit 1*).

On the employers' side in the Iron and Steel Industry, the principal organization dealing with labor matters is the Iron and Steel Trades Employers' Association, which was founded in 1922 and covers the whole of the heavy steel trade, coke ovens and blast furnaces in England and Wales. There are also a number of regional employers' associations which cooperate with the Iron and Steel Trades Employers' Association. (Exhibit 2-3).

On the workers' side in the Iron and Steel Industry, the main organizations are the Iron and Steel Trades Confederation and the National Union of Blast Furnacemen, Ore Miners, Coke Workers and kindred trades. (Exhibit 3-4). The maintenance craftsmen are mostly organized in the various craft unions. (Exhibit 3).

[11] The Iron and Steel Trades Confederation, which claims to represent about two-thirds of the organized workers in the Iron and Steel Industry, was founded in 1917. (Exhibit 3.)

The conditions of employment are covered by agreements made in most cases between EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATIONS and TRADE UNIONS, in some cases by conciliation boards, and in others by a joint industrial council.

The present-day operation of the machinery for collective bargaining in the Iron and Steel Industry is as follows:

1. Local Questions.

A. Questions at individual works.-Questions that arise at individual works are dealt with in the first place between the works management and workmen concerned.

B. Differences at individual works.-Differences that arise at individual works are dealt with between the works management and the workmen concerned, who shall have the right to call in the shop representative of the union and/or the permanent official of the workmen's trade union.

* Numbers in parentheses refer to exhibits on pp. 7-8 of this report.

C. Reference to Employers' Association and Union.-Failing a settlement in this manner, the matter is then referred to the Employers' Association by the firm concerned. At the same time, it is taken up on the workmen's side by the permanent official of the workmen's union, who communicates directly with the Secretary of the Employers' Association, giving particulars of the difference, of any negotiations that have taken place with the firm and asking that the matter be dealt with according to the usual machinery.

D. Neutral Committees.-The whole question is then brought before the employers' association, and if the dif [12] ference is one NOT of general principle, but affecting the works concerned only, the association generally refers the Imatter to a neutral committee. The association, however, reserves the right, after consideration of the matter, to decide that the services of a neutral committee are unnecessary.

E. How Neutral Committee Machinery functions.-The neutral committee consists of two employers' representatives, appointed by the employers' association, and two workmen selected by the workmen concerned from any works of a member of the employers' association. The official representatives of the employers and of the workmen's organization respectively are present, along with the members of the neutral committee, at the hearing of the case, and also at the discretion of the neutral committee, in deciding the case, although only in an advisory capacity if called upon.

In the appointment of a neutral committee neither the employers' nor the workmen's representatives are appointed from the particular works where the difference exists.

Plenary Powers: Subject to paragraph "F" hereof, the members of the neutral committee on both sides have always plenary powers.

Chairman of Neutral Committee: The procedure adopted when the neutral committee meets to go into the matter is, in the first place, to elect a Chairman. One of the employers' representatives is chosen as chairman. The official of the workmen's trade union then states the case on behalf of the workmen and calls any evidence he may consider necessary. The case on behalf of the employers is then stated, and likewise any evidence adduced, if necessary. Being satisfied that both sides of the case have been fully heard, the witnesses [13] and others, with the exception of the actual members of the neutral committee two employer representatives and two workmen representatives-withdraw. It is in the discretion of the neutral committee to ask the permanent officials on the employers' and on the workmen's sides to remain with them to assist, in an advisory capacity only, if so desired.

F. Memorandum of Settlement of Neutral Committee.-Having given the whole case careful consideration, the decision of the neutral committee is then recorded in a short memorandum, signed by each member of the committee and by the permanent official of the employers' and workmen's organizations. This memorandum of settlement becomes the finding or award of the committee. It is subject to confirmation by the employers' association and by the Headquarters of the workmen's trade union.

G. Procedure when Neutral Committee disagrees.-Failing a settlement, the neutral committee either refer it back to the employers' association and the workmen's trade union to be dealt with, or submit the matter to arbitration.

H. Meeting place of Neutral Committee.—It is the general practice, although not obligatory, for the neutral committee to meet for the disposal of cases at the works at which the difference exists. The meeting place is, in all cases, however, a matter of convenience.

2. General questions.

A. Conferences.-When questions of a general character arise, they may be dealt with by conference between the employers' and the workmen's organizations. In the event of such a question arising, it is open to either side to request the calling of a conference. The constitution of the conference as regards members, etc., is left an [14] open question for the employers' association and the workmen's trade union, according to the question to come under discussion. B. Procedure when Conference fails to settle.-Failing a settlement by the conference of the matter raised, the conference takes such steps as it may deem advisable for dealing therewith, but failing an agreement, the difference is generally submitted to arbitration.