Peace and friendship between the two nations. Neither party ment and discontent, and by leaving each party at liberty to make, respecting navigation and commerce, those interior regulations which shall be most convenient to itself. With this view, his Majesty the King of Sweden has nominated and appointed for his plenipotentiary Count Gustavus Philip de Creutz, his ambassador extraordinary to his Most Christian Majesty, and knight commander of his orders; and the United States, on their part, have fully empowered Benjamin Franklin, their minister plenipotentiary to his Most Christian Majesty: the said plenipotentiaries, after exchanging their full powers, and after mature deliberation in consequence thereof, have agreed upon, concluded and signed the following articles: ARTICLE I. There shall be a firm, inviolable and universal peace, and a true and sincere friendship between the King of Sweden, his heirs and successors, and the United States of America, and the subjects of his Majesty, and those of the said States, and between the countries, islands, cities, and towns situated under the jurisdiction of the King and of the said United States, without any exception of persons or places; and the conditions agreed to in this present treaty, shall be perpetual and permanent between the King, his heirs and successors, and the said United · States. ARTICLE II. The King and the United States engage mutually, not to grant hereto grant favours after any particular favour to other nations in respect to commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same favour freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional. to other nations that shall not become com. mon to the other party. ARTICLE III. The subjects of the King of Sweden shall not pay in the ports, havens, roads, countries, islands, cities and towns of the United States, or in any of them, any other nor greater duties or imposts of what nature soever they may be, than those which the most favoured nations are or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions in trade, navigation and commerce which the said nations do or shall enjoy, whether in passing from one port to another of the United States, or in going to or from the same, from or to any part of the world whatever. ARTICLE IV. The subjects and inhabitants of the said United States shall not pay in the ports, havens, roads, islands, cities and towns under the dominion of the King of Sweden, any other or greater duties or imposts of what nature soever they may be, or by what name soever called, than those which the most favoured nations are or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions in trade, navigation and commerce which the said nations do or shall enjoy, whether in passing from one port to another of the dominion of his said Majesty, or in going to or from the same, from or to any part of the world whatever. ARTICLE V. There shall be granted a full, perfect and entire liberty of conscience to the inhabitants and subjects of each party, and no person shall be molested on account of his worship, provided he submits so far as regards the public demonstration of it to the laws of the country. Moreover, liberty shall be granted, when any of the subjects or inhabitants en laissant à chaque partie la liberté de faire au sujet du commerce et de la navigation, les reglemens intérieurs qui seront à sa convenance. Dans cette vue sa Majesté le Roi de Suede a nommé et constitué pour son plenipotentiaire le Comte Gustave Philippe de Creutz, son ambassadeur extraordinaire près sa Majesté très Chretienne et Chevalier commandeur de ses ordres; et les Etats Unis ont de leur côté pourvû de leurs pleinpouvoirs le Sieur Benjamin Franklin, leur ministre plenipotentiaire près sa Majesté très Chretienne; les quels, plenipotentiaires après avoir échangé leurs pleinpouvoirs et en conséquence d'une mure deliberation ont arrêté, conclu, et signé les articles suivants. ARTICLE I. Il y aura une paix ferme, inviolable et universelle et une amitié vraie et sincere entre le Roi de Suede, ses heritiers et successeurs, et entre les États Unis de l'Amerique, ainsi qu'entre les sujets de sa Majesté et ceux des dits États, comme aussi entre les pays, isles, villes et places, situées sous la jurisdiction du Roi, et des dits Etats Unis, sans exception aucune de personnes et de lieux; les conditions stipulées dans le present traité devant être perpetuelles et permanentes entre le Roi, ses heritiers et successeurs et les dits États Unis. ARTICLE II. Le Roi et les États Unis s'engagent mutuellement à n'accorder par la suite aucune faveur particulière en fait de commerce et de navigation à d'autres nations, qui ne devienne aussitôt commune à l'autre partie; et celle-cy jouira de cette faveur gratuitement si la concession est gratuite; ou en accordant la même compensation si la concession est conditionelle. ARTICLE III. Les sujets du Roi de Suede ne payeront dans les ports, havres, rades, contrées, isles, villes et places des Etats Unis, ou dans aucun d'iceux, d'autres ni de plus grands droits et impôts de quelque nature qu'ils puissent être, que ceux que les nations les plus favorisées sont ou seront tenues de payer; et ils jouiront de tous les droits, libertés, privileges, immunités et exemptions en fait de negoce, navigation et de commerce dont jouissent ou jouiront les dites nations, soit en passant d'un port à l'autre des dits États, soit en y allant ou en revenant de quelque partie ou pour quelque partie du monde que ce soit. ARTICLE IV. Les sujets et habitants des dits Etats Unis ne payeront dans les ports, havres, rades, isles, villes et places de la domination du Roi de Suede, d'autres ni de plus grands droits ou impôts, de quelque nature qu'ils puissent être et quelque nom qu'ils puissent avoir, que ceux que les nations les plus favorisées sont ou seront tenues de payer; et ils jouiront de tous les droits, libertés, priviléges, immunites, et exemptions en fait de negoce, navigation et commerce dont jouissent ou jouiront les dites nations, soit en passant d'un port à un autre de la domination de sa dite Majesté, soit en y allant ou en revenant de quelque partie du monde ou pour quelque partie du monde que ce soit. ARTICLE V. Il sera accordé une pleine, parfaite et entiere liberté de conscience aux habitants et sujets de chaque partie, et personne ne sera molesté à l'égard de son culte, moyennant qu'il se soumette, quant à la demonstration publique, aux loix du pays. De plus on permettra aux habitans et sujets de chaque partie, qui decedent dans le territoire de l'autre partie, Citizens may dispose of estate, may inherit and may remove their effects. Liberty for either party to trade with a na tion at war with the other. Free ships make free goods; except contraband articles. This liberty extends to all kinds of merchandize, except contraband. What goods shall be deemed contraband. of either party die in the territory of the other, to bury them in convenient and decent places, which shall be assigned for the purpose; and the two contracting parties will provide each in its jurisdiction, that the subjects and inhabitants respectively may obtain certificates of the death, in case the delivery of them is required. ARTICLE VI. The subjects of the contracting parties in the respective states, may freely dispose of their goods and effects either by testament, donation or otherwise, in favour of such persons as they think proper; and their heirs in whatever place they shall reside, shall receive the succession even ab intestato, either in person or by their attorney, without having occasion to take out letters of naturalization. These inheritances, as well as the capitals and effects, which the subjects of the two parties, in changing their dwelling, shall be desirous of removing from the place of their abode, shall be exempted from all duty called "droit de détraction," on the part of the government of the two states respectively. But it is at the same time agreed, that nothing contained in this article shall in any manner derogate from the ordinances published in Sweden against emigrations, or which may hereafter be published, which shall remain in full force and vigour. The United States on their part, or any of them, shall be at liberty to make respecting this matter, such laws as they think proper. ARTICLE VII. All and every the subjects and inhabitants of the kingdom of Sweden, as well as those of the United States, shall be permitted to navigate with their vessels in all safety and freedom, and without any regard to those to whom the merchandizes and cargoes may belong, from any port whatever; and the subjects and inhabitants of the two states shall likewise be permitted to sail and trade with their vessels, and with the same liberty and safety to frequent the places, ports and havens of powers, enemies to both or either of the contracting parties, without being in any wise molested or troubled, and to carry on a commerce not only directly from the ports of an enemy to a neutral port, but even from one port of an enemy to another port of an enemy, whether it be under the jurisdiction of the same or of different princes. And as it is acknowledged by this treaty, with respect to ships and merchandizes, that free ships shall make merchandizes [free,] and that every thing which shall be on board of ships belonging to subjects of the one or the other of the contracting parties, shall be considered as free, even though the cargo or a part of it should belong to the enemies of one or both; it is nevertheless provided, that contraband goods shall always be excepted; which being intercepted, shall be proceeded against according to the spirit of the following articles. It is likewise agreed, that the same liberty be extended to persons who may be on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to both or either of the parties, they shall not be taken out of the free ship, unless they are soldiers in the actual service of the said enemies. ARTICLE VIII. This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandizes, except those only which are expressed in the following article, and are distinguished by the name of contraband goods. ARTICLE IX. Under the name of contraband or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended arms, great guns, cannon balls, arquebuses, musquets, mortars, bombs, petards, granadoes, saucisses, pitch balls, carriages for ordnance, d'être enterrés dans les endroits convenables et décents qui seront assignés à cet éffet, et les deux puissances contractantes pourvoiront chacune dans sa jurisdiction, à ce que les sujets et habitans respectifs puissent obtenir les certificats de mort en cas qu'il soit requis de les livrer. ARTICLE VI. Les sujets des parties contractantes pourront dans les états respectifs disposer librement de leurs fonds et biens, soit par testament, donation ou autrement en faveur de telles personnes que bon leur semblera, et leurs heritiers dans quelque endroit où ils demeureront, pourront recevoir ces successions, même ab intestato, soit en personne, soit par un procureur, sans qu'ils aient besoin d'obtenir des lettres de naturalisation. Ces heritages, aussi bien que les capitaux et fonds que les sujets des deux parties, en changeant de demeure, voudront faire sortir de l'endroit de leur domicile, seront exemts de tout droit de detraction, de la part du gouvernement des deux états respectifs. Mais il est convenu en même tems, que le contenu de cet article ne derogera en aucune maniere aux ordonnances promulguées en Suede contre les emigrations, ou qui pourront par la suite être promulguées, les quelles demeureront dans toute leur force et vigueur. Les Etats Unis de leur côté, ou aucun d'entre eux, seront libres de statuer sur cette matiere telle loi qu'ils jugeront à propos. ARTICLE VII. Il sera permis à tous et un chacun des sujets et habitans du Royaume de Suede, ainsi qu'à ceux des États Unis, de naviguer avec leurs bâtimens en toute sureté et liberté, et sans distinction de ceux à qui les marchandises et leurs chargemens appartiendront, de quelque port que ce soit. Il sera permis également aux sujets et habitans des deux Etats de naviguer et de négocier avec leurs vaisseaux et marchandises, et de frequenter avec la même liberté et sureté, les places, ports et havres des puissances ennemies des deux parties contractantes, ou de l'une d'elles, sans être aucunement inquietés ni troublés, et de faire le commerce non seulement directement dès ports de l'ennemi à un port neutre, mais encore d'un port ennemi à un autre port ennemi; soit qu'il se trouve sous la jurisdiction d'un même ou de differents princes. Et comme il est reçu par le present traité par rapport aux navires et aux marchandises, que les vaisseaux libres rendront les marchandises libres, et que l'on regardera comme libre tout ce qui sera àbord des navires appartenants aux sujets d'une ou de l'autre des parties contractantes, quand même le chargement, ou partie d'icelui appartiendroit aux ennemis de l'un des deux; bien entendu néanmoins que les marchandises de contrebande seront toujours exceptées; les quelles étant interceptées, il sera procedé conformement à l'esprit des articles suivants, Il est également convenu que cette même liberté s'étendra aux personnes qui naviguent sur un vaisseau libre; de maniere que quoi qu'elles soient ennemies des deux parties ou de l'une d'elles, elles ne seront point tirées du vaisseau libre, si ce n'est que ce fussent des gens de guerre actuellement au service des dits ennemis. ARTICLE VIII. Cette liberté de navigation et de commerce s'étendra à toutes fortes de marchandises, à la reserve seulement de celles qui sont exprimées dans l'article suivant et designées sous le nom de marchandises de contrebande. ARTICLE IX. On comprendra sous ce nom de marchandises de contrebande ou defendues, les armes, canons, boulets, arquebuses, mousquets, mortiers, bombes, petards, grenades, saucisses, cercles poissés, affuts, fourchettes, What goods shall not be deemed contraband. musquet rests, bandoleers, cannon powder, matches, saltpetre, sulphur, bullets, pikes, sabres, swords, morions, helmets, cuirasses, halberds, javelins, pistols and their holsters, belts, bayonets, horses with their harness, and all other like kinds of arms and instruments of war for the use of troops. ARTICLE X. These which follow shall not be reckoned in the number of prohibited goods; that is to say: All sorts of cloths, and all other manufactures of wool, flax, silk, cotton or any other materials, all kinds of wearing apparel, together with the things of which they are commonly made, gold, silver coined or uncoined, brass, iron, lead, copper, latten, coals, wheat, barley, and all sorts of corn or pulse, tobacco, all kinds of spices, salted and smoked flesh, salted fish, cheese, butter, beer, oyl, wines, sugar, all sorts of salt and provisions which serve for the nourishment and sustenance of man, all kinds of coton, hemp, flax, tar, pitch, ropes, cables, sails, sail-cloth, anchors, and any parts of anchors, ship-masts, planks, boards, beams, and all sorts of trees and other things proper for building or repairing ships; nor shall any goods be considered as contraband, which have not been worked into the form of any instrument or thing for the purpose of war by land or by sea, much less such as have been prepared or wrought up for any other use all which shall be reckoned free goods, as likewise all others which are not comprehended and particularly mentioned in the foregoing article; so that they shall not by any pretended interpretation be comprehended among prohibited or contraband goods; on the contrary, they may be freely transported by the subjects of the King and of the United States, even to places belonging to an enemy, such places only excepted as are besieged, blocked or invested, and those places only shall be considered as such, which are nearly surrounded by one of the belligerent powers. In case of war, ships and vessels to be furnished with sea letters, and certificates. ARTICLE XI. In order to avoid and prevent on both sides all disputes and discord, it is agreed, that in case one of the parties shall be engaged in a war, the ships and vessels belonging to the subjects or inhabitants of the other shall be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property and port of the vessel, and also the name and place of abode of the master or commander of the said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear that the said vessel really and truly belongs to the subjects of the one or the other party. These passports, which shall be drawn up in good and due form, shall be renewed every time the vessel returns home in the course of a year. It is also agreed, that the said vessels when loaded shall be provided not only with sea-letters, but also with certificates containing a particular account of the cargo, the place from which the vessel sailed, and that of her destination, in order that it may be known whether they carry any of the prohibited or contraband merchandizes, mentioned in the 9th article of the present treaty; which certificates shall be made out by the officers of the place from which the vessel shall depart. ARTICLE XII. Although the vessels of the one and of the other party may navigate freely and with all safety, as is explained in the 7th article, they shall nevertheless be bound at all times when required, to exhibit as well on |