§ 45. Fraudulent voting. Every person not entitled to vote, who fraudulently votes, and every person who votes more than once at any one election, or knowingly hands in two or more tickets, folded together, or changes any ballot after the same has been deposited in the ballot-box, or adds, or attempts to add, any ballot to those illegally polled at any election, either by fraudulently introducing the same into the ballot-box before or after the ballots therein have been counted; or adds to, or mixes with, or attempts to add to or mix with, the ballot lawfully polled, other ballots, while the same are being counted or canvassed, or at any other time, with intent to change the result of such election; or carries away or destroys, or attempts to carry away or destroy, any poll lists, or ballots, or ballotbox, for the purpose of breaking up or invalidating such election, or willfully detains, mutilates, or destroys any election returns, or in any manner so interferes with the officers holding such election or conducting such canvass, or with the voters lawfully exercising their rights of voting at such election, as to prevent such election or canvass from being fairly held and lawfully conducted, is guilty of felony. En. February 14, 1872.

Cal. Rep. Cit. 91, 467.

§ 46. Attempting to vote without being qualified. Every person not entitled to vote, who fraudulently attempts to vote, or who, being entitled to vote, attempts to vote more than once at any election, is guilty of a misdemeanor. En. February 14, 1872.

§ 47. Procuring illegal voting. Every person who procures, aids, assists, counsels, or advises another to give or offer his vote at any election, knowing that the person is not qualified to vote, is guilty of a misdemeanor. En. February 14, 1872.

§ 48. Changing ballots or altering returns by election officers. Every officer or clerk of election who aids in

changing or destroying any poll list, or in placing any ballots in the ballot-box, or taking any therefrom, or adds, or attempts to add, any ballots to those legally polled at such election, either by fraudulently introducing the same into the ballot-box before or after the ballots therein have been counted, or adds to or mixes with, or attempts to add to or mix with the ballots polled any other ballots, while the same are being counted or canvassed, or at any other time, with intent to change the result of such election, or allows another to do so, when in his power to prevent it, or carries away or destroys, or knowingly allows another to carry away or destroy any poll list, ballot-box, or ballots lawfully polled, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than two nor more than seven years. En. February 14, 1872.

§ 49. Inspectors unfolding or marking tickets. Every inspector, judge, or clerk of an election, who, previous to putting the ballot of an elector in the ballot-box, attempts to find out any name on such ballot, or who opens or suffers the folded ballot of any elector which has been handed in to be opened or examined previous to putting the same into the ballot-box, or who makes or places any mark or device on any folded ballot with the view to ascertain the name of any person for whom the elector has voted, or who, without the consent of the elector, discloses the name of any person which such inspector, judge, or clerk, has fraudulently or illegally discovered to have been voted for by such elector, is punishable by fine, not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars. En. February 14, 1872.

§ 50. Forging or altering returns. Every person who forges or counterfeits returns of an election purporting to have been held at a precinct, town, or ward where no election was in fact held, or willfully substitutes forged or counterfeit returns of election in the place of the true returns, for a precinct, town, or ward where an election

was actually held, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for a term not less than two nor more than ten years. En. February 14, 1872.

§ 51. Adding to or subtracting from votes given. Every person who willfully adds to or subtracts from the votes actually cast at an election, in any returns, or who alters such returns, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than one nor more than five years. En. February 14, 1872.

§ 52. Persons aiding and abetting. Every person who aids or abets in the commission of any of the offenses mentioned in the four preceding sections, is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for the period of six months, or in the state prison not exceeding two years. En. February 14, 1872. Am'd. 1873-4, 423.

§ 53. Intimidating, corrupting, deceiving, or defrauding electors. Every person who, by force, threats, menaces, bribery, or any corrupt means, either directly or indirectly, attempts to influence any elector in giving his vote, or to deter him from giving the same; or attempts by any means whatever to awe, restrain, hinder, or disturb any elector in the exercise of the right of suffrage, or furnishes any elector wishing to vote, who cannot read, with a ticket, informing or giving such elector to understand that it contains a name, written or printed thereon, different from the name, which is written or printed thereon, or defrauds any elector at any such election by deceiving and causing such elector to vote for a different person for any office than he intended or desired to vote for; or, who, being inspector, judge, or clerk of any election, while acting as such, induces or attempts to induce any elector, either by menace or reward, or promise thereof, to vote differently from what such elector intended or desired to vote, is guilty of felony. En. February 14, 1872. Am'd. 1893, 7.

$54. Furnishing money for elections. Every person who, with intent to promote the election of himself or any other person, either

1. Furnishes entertainment at his expense to any meeting of electors previous to or during an election;

2. Pays for, procures, or engages to pay for any such entertainment;

3. Furnishes or engages to pay or deliver any money or property for the purpose of procuring the attendance of voters at the polls, or for the purpose of compensating any person for procuring attendance of voters at the polls, except for the conveyance of voters who are sick or infirm;

4. Furnishes or engages to pay or deliver any money or property for any purpose intended to promote the election of any candidate, except for the expenses of holding and conducting public meetings for the discussion of public questions, and of printing and circulating ballots, handbills, and other papers, previous to such election;

—is guilty of a misdemeanor. En. February 14, 1872. Buying appointment to office: Post, sec. 73.

§ 55. Offers to procure offices for electors. Every person who, being a candidate at any election, offers or agrees to appoint or procure the appointment of any particular person to office, as an inducement or consideration to any person to vote for, or procure or aid in procuring the election of such candidate, is guilty of a misdemeanor. February 14, 1872.

Cal.Rep.Cit. 99, 289.

En.

56. Communicating such offer. Every person, not being a candidate, who communicates any offer, made in violation of the last section, to any person, with intent to induce him to vote for, or to procure or aid in procuring the election of the candidate making the offer, is guilty of a misdemeanor. En. February 14, 1872.

§ 57. Bribing members of legislative caucuses, etc. Every person who gives or offers a bribe to any officer or member of any legislative caucus, political convention, committee, primary election, or political gathering of any kind, held for the purpose of nominating candidates for offices of honor, trust, or profit, in this state, with intent to influence the person to whom such bribe is given or offered to be more favorable to one candidate than another, and every person, member of either of the bodies in this section mentioned, who receives or offers to receive any such bribe, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not less than one, nor more than fourteen years. En. February 14, 1872.

Cal.Rep.Cit. 126, 352.

§ 58.

Preventing public meetings. Every person who, by threats, intimidations, or unlawful violence, willfully hinders or prevents electors from assembling in public meeting for the consideration of public questions, is guilty of a misdemeanor. En. February 14, 1872.

$ 59. Disturbance of public meetings. Every person who willfully disturbs or breaks up any public meeting of electors or others, lawfully being held for the purpose of considering public questions, is guilty of a misdemeanor. En. February 14, 1872.

§ 60. Betting on elections. Every person who makes, offers, or accepts any bet or wager upon the result of any election, or upon the success or failure of any person or candidate, or upon the number of votes to be cast, either in the aggregate or for any particular candidate, or upon the vote to be cast by any person, is guilty of a misdemeanor. En. February 14, 1872.

$61. Violation of election laws by persons not officers. Every person who willfully violates any of the provisions of the laws of this state relating to elections is, unless a different punishment for such violation is prescribed by