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France for three years past was withdrawing. Several regiments of the British portion of that army had arrived in England.

History of Congress.—The proceedings of Congress for the week past have not been of a character to excite much general interest. The Ho

riosity; for in a country cabin, whenever the dogs || Castlereagh was still there on the 30th of that begin “for till bark," every one in the house runs month.-Tleied army which has occupied out as soon as possible-as any one may know who has been present at such occurrences. That the poet has been true to nature on this occasion, may be seen by the continuation of the story; for even the old lady, who might have been lame, ran out in such a hurry, that she caught poor Paddy "just kissing young Molly M'Gee." And here, mark again the old lady's vein of ridicule of this treach-lidays being over, the public may expect the national legislature to proceed in affairs with more erous lover-"Who but our red-whiskered spark!" As much as to say, who but he ! who but my faithless assiduity-at least as to general subjects; although, it must be supposed that, within the last month, gentleman! "Red-whiskered" seems to have been thrown in to fix odium on that colored hair; which,great progress has been made in the preparatory however, it is to be supposed, was more poor Pad-stages of business: This is commonly effected by dy's misfortune than his fault; for it is not to be conceived that he dealt in the "Tyrian dye," or the "Macassar or Russian Oils," to produce that or any other color.

particular committees, and is not so obvious to the public eye as the topics which bring on debate and long speeches. There was no business transacted in either House on Thursday last, in From ridicule the mother of the forsaken daugh-late a Representative from North Carolina. The consequence of the death of Mr. MrxroзD, following is the order of procession adopted for the interment of this lamented gentleman. He was buried in due form yesterday, in the manner prescribed by the order.

ORDER OF PROCESSION

For the Funeral of the Honorable George Mumford, deceased, a Representative of the United States, from the State of North Carolina.

The Committee of Arrangements will attend at the late residence of the deceased, at 9 o'clock, A. M this day, at which time the Corpse will be removed to Congress Hall, in charge of the Com mittee, attended by the Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representatives.

ter breaks out into fierce and sudden anger. And here again the poet is very happy. Instead of saying "Bad luck to ye!" or "go to the Devil!" she exclaims "Devil fire ye !" thus invoking the very father of all sin and wickedness to burn poor Paddy. Other dames would, perhaps, have simply and whimperingly reproached the faithless creature, or have gone off with secret and pining grief: But such was not the case with our old lady. She knew better how and where to touch Paddy's sensibility; so she thwacked the rolling pin over his noddle; and not only the revenge, but the method of it was appropriate, it having been a The members of the Senate and the members thewack-which is a short, quick, hard blow, suited, of the House of Representatives, are requested to no doubt, to the thickness of Paddy's noddle-assemble at Congress Hall, in their respective Pat's confusion is admirably hit off. He "put Chambers, at 10 o'clock, A. M. this day. his hands to his haffits," &c. thereby showing his consciousness of guilt. How the affair terminated we have not been told; but as Molly M'Gee argued in favor of herself both sprightliness and youth, there is reason to believe that Paddy remained faithful to her. If he did, he is not the first "gay deceiver" who has abandoned an old sweetheart for a young one. Of all the ditties concerning "love and murder," since that famous

will remove from the Hall, to the City Burying-
At half past 10 o'clock, precisely, the funeral
place, in the following order:

The Chaplains of Congress.
Physicians who attended the deceased.
PALL BEARERS.

MR. STRONG,
MR. ADAMS,
MR. PETER,

CORPSE.

MR. UPHAM,

MR. WILSON, Mass,
MR. PLEASANTS.

The Senators and Representatives from the

one of "Willy was a loyal lovyer," this is certain-State of North Carolina, as mourners. ly the most touching.

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The Sergeant-at-Arms, of the House of Representatives.

The members of the House of Representatives, preceded by their Speaker and Clerk.

The Sergeant-at Arms of the Senate.
The Senators, preceded by their President and
Secretary.

The President of the United States.
The Heads of Departments.
Foreign Ministers.
Citizens and Strangers.

[The members of Congress have agreed to wear mourning, for the usual term of thirty days, from respect to the memory of the deceased.]

therefore settled: but the question is, will Con gress sanction the continuance of a monied Establishment which has confessedly violated its act of Incor poration? This is so close a question of BENEFIT to the parties directly concerned, that every Re

Bank, or loans obtained upon it on irregular conditions, ought to avoid committing himself to the temptation.

The men who have speculated on Bank Stock, and who, had they succeeded, by keeping it up to a high fictitious value above par, would have realized princely fortunes, ought to be made to suf fer It has been their crime that has, in a great degree, brought upon society the accumulated and accumulating evils of a depreciated paper currency. They have made society suffer: let society, through its representatives, do justice on them. Let not the Congress, by any act whatever, bolster up the fortunes of men who are actually insolvent, and who only wait for the national legislature to come to their aid, to save them from sinking. There are known to be many such, who, in the pride of expected millions, towered, in scorn, over the heads of the community. Let them be left to their fate; and be made to feel some of the evils they have fraudulently produced.

Bank of the United States.--We publish to-day some documents relative to the concerns of this institution; one of them a letter from Wm. Jones, esq. the President. This latter document is an ample confession of the fact of a violated charter, combined with a labored apology for that viola-presentative and Senator who has any share in the tion. We confess that we did not think Mr Jones and the board of directors would have been so frank. We should infer from the feebleness of the apology that it will not be accepted. Indeed, how can it be ac cepted? Nothing, we con ceive, can be regarded as saving a charter, which is-not only violated in its form but in its spirit To establish the bank, a certain amount of specie was to be paid in on the subscriptions to the stock. Allow that the bank began legally to operate before the whole amount of specie was paid up, it should have taken care not to have issued notes on that part of its capital so as to admit of instalments being paid up in specie drawn from itself upon the return of those notes. That shews distinctly bad management at least. Besides, what sort of a direction must it be not to be able to guard against such a trick? We had not intended to make any further remarks on this subject until we had seen and read the report of the committee of inquiry: but an argument set up at Baltimore induces us to deviate a little from this || intention. The Baltimore argument, in subWe wait, with some impatience, for the report stance, is this: that the largest stockholders, even of the committee. The members of it have reif they had not paid up for all their shares, were turned to the city; and a majority of them, we entitled to the greatest indulgences, in the way have been informed, are still engaged in relation of loans. This is evidently an untenable posi- to the object for which they were appointed. It tion: first, because a Bank which issues notes is usual, on such occasions, to express what is that circulate as money, is not, to the detriment of called "confidence" in gentlemen employed in the public, to be managed so as to place the great || affairs of this sort. In the investigations of great est portion of its funds, either in the shape of || public subjects, however, "confidence” is a word loans or otherwise, into the hands of men who which we do not admit into our vocabulary. The are unable to pay up, in a proper manner, their gentlemen appointed on the committee are, indebts to the institution; and that would be to deed, respectable and intelligent: but their report injure the public at large, by rendering it indis- will be fairly open to criticism; and they must expensable, suddenly, to withdraw from circulation a|pect just so much respect to be paid to it, and so large amount of specie and notes which passed as much "confidence" to be placed in it, as it disspecie. It would be, moreover, an improper fa- plays of clearness in the statement of its facts, orvor to speculators, by making excessive loans to der and precision in its reasoning, and soundnessthem, and refusing, in the proportion of the excess, of logic in its conclusions. to loan to honest traders really able to pay In the next place, such partial indulgences would be dishonest with regard to the solvent and able stockholders, by lessening the dividends of interest on the funds they had invested in the Bank When the topic comes before Congress, we trust that every member, like Mr. BRTAN, of North Carolina, interested in the Bank, will decline either speaking or voting on the subject; for || part of them, must be put down: 3. Or, The Peoit is to be observed, that the true question to be set- || ple of the United States will continue to be the tled is, not whether the institution has violated its victims of sham-bankers, stockjobbers, shavers, charter: that point has been confessed; and is "and exchange-brokers.

||

Every man in the Union is, more or less, interested in the determination of Congress touching the Bank. If it is suffered to go on as it has done for the last six months, there will be no security that the same evils will not continue to recur at future periods. One of three things will inevitably happen: 1. The vices of this Institution e corrected: 2, or, The State Banks, or greater

No. 2.]

THE NATIONAL REGISTER.

WASHINGTON CITY, JANUARY 9, 1819.

[OL. VII

Printed and Published, every Saturday, by Lawrence, Wilson, & Co. at five dollars per annum.

quired property, if he has any; and if he has not, he must borrow again.

Contents of this No. of the National Register. ORIGINAL.-Thoughts on the Effects of Banking, 17Editor's Cabinet-Various items,32--History of Congress, 32. SELECTED.-Treaty between the United States and Swe-quick enough to make the eight per centum in

den, 18-Crimes and Punishments.- Pirates of the Platts

A trader in brisk business may turn the penny

burg, 24-Mail Robbers, 25-Robbery of the Mail, 25-terest, and something more, so as to reap a profit
Harboring Deserters, 25-Murder of Mr. Gadsden, 25-
Singular punishment for Counterfeiting, 26-Miscellany from the use of borrowed money: but it is not
Mr. Ogilvie, 26-Love and Madness, 26-- Trial by Jury and
Liberty of the Press, 26-American Gratitude, 26-30,000 every pursuit that is so lucrative.

We find, nevertheless, that every person, who

Dollar Prize, 26-A Mammoth Cake, 36-Female Humsnity without Love, 26-Diamond of good Water, 27Indian Jews, 27-Voyages and Discoveries-Baron Hum-can, borrows of the banks; the consequence is, that boldt going to India, 27-Major Gray's Expedition, 27Foreign Affairs-France, 27-Chile, 27-Proceedings of Congress, 27-Directors of the Bank of the United States for 1819, 32.

FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER.

all those whose pursuits do not yield a profit considerably above the amount of the bank interest get in debt, are embarrassed, and eventually become insolvent.

As banking now goes on, it brings into a state of mortgage almost all the property of the com

Thoughts on the Effects of Banking. The original intention of banking was to heap up, or embunk, real money in a particular spot, somunity. Take any city in the Union, and how as to make a fund that might be loaned, upon good securities, to persons who might require it, and chiefly to persons in trade.

From this original intention there has been a wide deviation. By the present process of banking, institutions of that kind have become mere shops for mortgaging property; upon which promissory notes are issued, as a circulating medium, without having, in eight cases out of ten, any other real basis than that property.

The facility of borrowing begets the habit of borrowing. When banks began to multiply, and business was wanting for them, men, whose interest it was not to borrow, were enticed into the practice of negotiating loans.

many houses and lots are there unencumbered with securityship of some sort or another? It is upon the value of these houses and lots that bank notes principally rest; so that in fact, a great por tion of the entire rental of the individuals of the nation is afloat, as a paper currency, in the shape of promissory notes.

No man should borrow money who cannot make a profitable use of it. To defray the expenses of one's household with borrowed money, is madness. An individual who lives in that manner must soon ruin himself. Yet how many are there, who could not ride their horses nor keep their carriages without promising to pay sixty days after date?

By the machinery of banking, the borrower, in Men who will trade and live, on borrowed one way or another, pays for every loan at least money, and cannot make more than eight per eight per centum per annum. Now, it is very centum, must expect to feel the evil of such folobvious, if a man's business will not produce himly when the Bank curtails them. Suddenly callthis eight per centum, together with an addition-ed upon to pay, they find themselves unprovided al per centum sufficient to pay his own proper charges and expenses in life, that a loan is worse than useless to him.

In the first place, he must make eight per cent. per annum wherewith to pay the bank interest. So far he works for others. In the next place he || must make enough to defray the cost of his household and the contingent expenses of the transactions in which the money borrowed is employed. So far he will labor for himself.

with cash to meet the demand; and they fall into the hands of notaries, sheriffs, marshals, and attorneys, who hasten their destruction, according to law. How, indeed, should they have money to pay what they have borrowed, when it is exclu. sively upon borrowed money that they live? Hav. ing spent the amount of one loan, instead of re turning that, with the interest, to the Bank, they are ready to borrow more. In truth, some folks, in dealing with Banks, consider the debt they incur in the same light the British government considers theirs-the amount of the principal is nothing, in their eyes, so they can discharge the interest.

If it should so happen that he makes nothing more than eight per centum upon the use of the borrowed money, he labors altogether for others -that is, for the bank. If he makes less, he still labors wholly for others, and must make up the Individuals, however, are not so much to blame du rence, between the product of his labor and as the Banks. It is the latter that have held out the eight per centum, out of his previously ac-inducements to the indolence of the former, and

have tended to render society lazy, speculative, led to a spirit of honor; and probity now means and shuffling. nothing more than to be honest as far as the law

It is curious to observe one effect of this per-will compel you. version of the Banking System. It has created, in The subject is still more interesting when every city and neighborhood, numerous knots of taken in connexion with manners and intellectual drawers and endorses, who, with a set of notes, refinement. Good breeding, urbanity, devotion which run the round of the knot at every discount to the arts and sciences, are growing greatly out day, engross to themselves an undue proportion of fashion: they are now scarcely considered as a of the loans of the Bank. In each of these knots passport to good company. A bank accommodaa director is commonly to be found; and as he tion is a ticket of admission almost every where, knows what paper is thrown out of Bank, and per- and a bank-directorship covers all sorts of ignohaps helps to throw it out by his negative, herance. Whither are we travelling? In the Rogives notice to the other members of the knot, man school the road to Honor lay through the who stand ready to shave it. Thus, view them as Temple of Virtue; but in our days, he who can you will, the Banks, at this time, are the source "raise the wind" to the highest amount in the of a fraudulent avarice and a rapidly accumulat- || Banking Line, reaches the place of honor by the ing pauperism. A spirit of sharping has succeed. "most direct path.

By the President of the United States.

A PROCLAMATION.

WHEREAS a Treaty between the United States and Sweden, made and concluded at Stockholm, on the fourth day of September, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, by Jonathan Russell, Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States, on the part of the United States, and the Count d'Engerstrom, Minister of State for foreign affairs, and the Count Adolphe George de Morner, Counsellor of State, fully authorized and empowered by their respective governments, was duly ratified on the twenty-seventh day of May last, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, on the part of the United States, with the exception of the third, fourth, and sixth articles, and by the King of Sweden, on the twenty-fourth day of July last past, with the exception of the three articles referred to; and the ratifications of the two governments, as aforesaid, have been duly exchanged at Stockholm, by the Plenipotentiaries of the United States and Sweden on the part of their respective governments, which treaty is in the words and figures following, to wit:

ORIGINAL.

Au nom de tres Sainte et indivisible Trinite. Les Etats Unis d'Amerique et sa Majeste le Roi de suede et de Norvege, egalement animes du desir sincere de maintenir et consolider les relations d'amitie et de commerce qui ont subsiste jusqu'ici entre les deux Etats, et etant convaincus qu'on ne saurait mieux remplir cet objet qu'en etablissant reciproquement le commerce entre les deux Etats, sur la base solide de principes liberaux et equitables, egalement advantageux aux deux Pays, ont nomme pour cet effet des Plenipotentiaires et les ont munis des pouvoirs necessaires pour traiter et conclure, en leur nom, savoir: le President des E. U. Monsieur Jonathan Russell, citoyen des dits Etats Unis, et actuelle. ment leur Ministre Plenipotentiaire a la Cour de Stockholm, et Sa Majesté le Roi de Suede et de Norvege, Son Excellence Monsieur le Compte Laurent d'Engerstrom, Son Ministre d'Etat pour les affaires etrangeres, Chancelier de l'Universite de Lund, Chevalier Commandeur des ordres du Roi, Chevalier de l'ordre du Roi Charles 13, Grand Croix des ordres de St. Etienne de Hongrie, de la Legion d'Honneur de France, de l'Aigle Noir et de l'Aigle Rouge de Prusse, et Monsieur le Compte Adolphe George de Morner, Son Cen seiller d'Etat et Commandeur de l'ordre de l'Etoile Polaire; lesquels Plenipotentiaires, apres avoir produit et echanges leur plein pouvoirs, trouves en bonne et due forme, sont convenus des articles suivans:

ARTICLE PREMIER.

Il y aura liberte reciproque de commerce entre tous les pays de la domination des Etats Unis d'Amerique et de Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et

TRANSLATION.

In the name of the most Holy and Indivisible Trinity.

The United States of America and his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, equally animated with a sincere desire to maintain and confirm the relations of friendship and commerce which have hitherto subsisted between the two States, and being convinced that this object cannot be more effectually accomplished than by es. tablishing, reciprocally, the commerce between the two States, upon the firm basis of liberal and equitable principles, equally advantageous to both countries, have named, to this end, Plenipotentiaries, and have furnished them with the necessary full powers to treat, and, in their name, to conclude a treaty, to wit: The President of the United States, Jonathan Russell, a citizen of the said United States, and now their Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Stockholm; and his Majesty, the King of Sweden and Norway, his excellency the Count Laurent d'Engerstrom, his Minister of State for foreign affairs, Chancellor of the University of Lund, Knight Commander of the Order of the King, Knight of the Order of Charles XIII, Grand Cross of the Orders of St. Etienne, (Stephen) of Hungary, of the Legion of Honor of France, of the Black Eagle and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, and the Count Adolphe George de Morner, his Counsellor of State and Commander of the Order of the Polar Star: and the said Plenipotentiaries, after having produced and exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed on the following articles:

ARTICLE FIRST.

There shall be between all the territories under the dominion of the United States of America, and of his Majesty, the King of Sweden and Nor

de Norvege. Les habitans de l'un des deux pays pourront avec toute surete, pour leur personnes, vaisseaux et cargaisons, aborder librement dans les ports, places et rivieres, du territorie de l'autre, partout où l'entree est permise aux vaisseaux des nations les plus favorisees. Ils pourront s'y arreter et resider dans quelque partie que ce soit des dits territoires; ils pourront y louer et occuper des maisons et des magazins pour leur commerce, et generalement les negocians ou trafi quans de chacune des deux nations jouiront chez l'autre de la plus entiere securite et protection pour les affaires de leur negoce, etant seulement tenus a se conformer aux loix et ordonnances des deux pays respectifs.

ARTICLE SECOND.

Il ne sera point impose de plus forts au autres droits, impots, au charges, quelconques, sur l'im portation dans les Etats Unis des productions du sol ou des manufactures des Etats de Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et de Norvege, ni sur l'importation dans les Etats de Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et de Norvege des productions du sol ou des manufactures des Etats Unis, que ceux auquels serent assujettis les memes articles dans chacun des deux pays respectifs, si ces denrees etaient le produit du sol ou des manufactures de tout autre pays. Le meme principe sera aussi observe pour l'exportation, en sorte que dans chacun des deux pays respectifs, les articles que seront exportes pour l'autre ne pourront etre charges d'aucun droit, impot, ou charge quelconque, plus fort ou autre que ceux auxquels seraient assujettis les mones articles, s'ils etaient exportes pour tout autre pays quelconque.

Il ne sera non plus impose aucune prohibition, ni sur la exportation ni sur l'importation, d'aucun article provenant du sol ou des manufac tures des Etats Unis ou des pays de Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et de Norvege, dans ou hors les dits Etats Unis, et dans ou hors les dits pays de Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et de Norvege, que ne s'entende egalement a toutes les autre nations. Les vaisseaux des Etats Unis de Amerique arrivant sur leur lest ou importent dans les Etats de Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et Norvege des produits du sol ou de l'industrie de leur pays, ou exportent des Etats de Sa Majeste Suedoise et Norvegienne les produits du sol ou de l'industrie na tionale des dits Etats, ne seront tenus a payer, ni pour les vaisseaux ni pour les cargaisons aucuns droits, impots ou charges quelconques, plus forts ou autres que ceux que payeraient dans le meme cas les vaisseaux des Etats de Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et de Norvege; et vice versa, les vaisseaux des Etats de Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et de Norvege qui arrivent sur leur lest ou qui importent dans les Etats Unis de l'Amerique des pro ductions du sol ou de l'industrie nationale de la Suede et de la Norvege, ou qui exportent des Etats Unis des produits du sol ou de l'industrie de tes pays, ne payeront, ni pour les vaisseaux ni pour les cargaisons, aucuns droits, impots, ou charges quelconques, autres ou plus forts que ceux qui seraient payes si ces memes denrées etaient transportees par des vaisseaux des Etats Lais respectivement.

Ce que est statue cidessus s'etend aussi a la mone Sucdoise de St. Barthelemy, tant par rap port au droits et avantages dont les vaisseaux des Eats Unis jouiront dans ces ports, que par rapPort a ceux dont les vaisseaux de la colonie jouir

way, a reciprocal liberty of commerce. The inhabitants of either of the two countries shall have liberty, with all security for their persons, vessels and cargoes, to come freely to all ports, places and rivers, within the territories of the other, into which the vessels of the most favored nations are permitted to enter. They can there remain and reside in any part whatsoever of the said territories; they can there hire and occupy houses and warehouses for their commerce; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each of the two nations, shall enjoy in the other the most complete security and protection for the transaction of their business, being bound, alone, to conform to the laws and statutes of the two countries, respectively.

ARTICLE SECOND.

No other or higher duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of His Majesty, the King of Sweden and Norway, of the produce or manufactures of the United States, nor on the importation into the United States of the produce or manufactures of the territories of His Majesty, the King of Sweden and Norway, than those to which the same articles would be subjected in each of the two countries, respectively, if these articles were the growth, produce, or manufacture, of any other country. The same principle shall likewise be observed, in respect to exportation, in such manner that in each of the two countries, respectively, the articles which shall be exported for the other, cannot be charged with any duty, impost, or charge, whatsoever, higher or other than those to which the same articles would be subjected if they were exported to any other country whatever.

Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importation of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the territories of His Majesty, the King of Sweden and Norway, or of the United States, to or from the said territories of His Majesty, the King of Sweden and Norway, or to or from the said United States, which shall not equally extend to all other na tions.

Swedish or Norwegian vessels arriving in ballast, or importing into the United States the produce or manufactures of said States, shall not be obliged to pay, either for the vessels or the cargoes, any other or higher duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which the vessels of the United States would pay in the same circumstances; and, vice versa, the vessels of the United States, arriving in ballast, or importing into the territories, under the dominion of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the produce or manufactures of the United States, or ex porting from the territories under the dominion of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the produce or manufactures of these territories, shall not pay, either for the vessels or the cargoes, any other or higher duties, imposts or charges, whatsoever, than those which would be paid if these articles were transported by Swedish or Norwegian vessels, respectively.

That which is here above stipulated, shall also extend to the Swedish colony of St. Bartholomew, as well in what relates to the rights and advanta ges which the vessels of the United States shall enjoy in its ports, as in relation to those which the vessels of the colony shall enjoy in the ports of the United States, provided the owners are in

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