280 THE NATIONAL REGISTER. jured by the want of a street on the river bank, GOLD AND SILVER, &c. A statement taken from the Gazette de Mexico, printed at Vera Cruz, gives the gold, silver, and copper coined at the mint in Mexico, in the years 1811 to 1818, inclusive. The total amount of each metal for the eight years stands thus: Gold, Silver, Copper, Total, $4,920,798 78 $54,889,244 44 The copper coinage was confined to the years 1814, 15, and 16. [No. 18 of the kind which has happened in the corps within a month. The first consul has directed that it shall be inserted in the Order of the day of the guard, that a soldier ought to know how to subdue sorrow and the agitation of the passions, that there is as much courage in enduring with firmness the pains of the heart as in remaining steady under the grape shot of a battery. To abandon one self to grief without resistance, to kill one self in order to escape from it, is to fly from the field of battle before one is conquered. (Signed) BONAPARTE, First Consol. BESSIERS. A true copy. THE REAL JUNIUS. Copy of a letter from H. Campbell, esq. F. A. S. to a clergyman at Oxford London, Suffolk st. March 9, 1819. Rev. and dear Sir,-The flattering and generous minded manner in which you applauded my humble exertions in favor of the first of British bards, (Ossian,) and the pleasing task you imWe saw, a few weeks past, a proof copy of a posed upon me, to acquaint you with the transmap of South America, including the Gulf of actions of the Highland Society, with respect to Mexico, &c. It was in possession of its author, my proofs of that poet's anthenticity, (which flatthe active, enterprising, and intelligent Dr. Ro-teringly you hold to be "the only reasonable binson, who accompanied the late general Pike ones yet offered to the world,") impel me to inin his travels to the sources of the Mississippi, &c. || form you that I have yet had no answer from the On this map were many statistical tables, which Highland Society on the subject; but, my noble attracted our attention from our knowledge of the name-sake, the earl of Breadalbane, has an opiopportunities of the author to ascertain the facts nion similar to your own, of the merit of the connected with those tables. We remember that work; and, like a true Gale, has generously prohe estimates the amount of taxes paid by the mised me that the honorable society will avoid Mexicans to Spain at 19,980,000 dollars, and the the imputation of negligence, and do the author expenses of Spain in Mexico at a fraction more || justice. than 7,000,000 dollars, leaving to Spain, from that one province, a clear nett revenue of more than twelve millions of dollars! The estimates were made from periods antecedent to the revolt of the province. Among the items of taxation, was 5 per cent. upon all gold and silver, and the amount was stated to be, of Gold, for one year, Giving a total of $14,000,000 Since I last wrote to you, I have been busily and pleasurably employed in another important literary pursuit, and have been as successful and happy in the result as I was in that of my researches in Ireland. You will have seen by the public prints, that the will of the late Sir P. Francis is totally void of any chue that would lead to the real author of "The Letters of Junius." Though his testy answer to Mr. Rogers, when interrogated on the subject by that gentleman at lord Holland's, makes it evident to the world, that he particulartoly wished to have been considered the celebrated author. Hence you will infer, that the Edinburgh Reviewers, though passable critics, have not yet attained the second sight, so peculiar to their countrymen, less gifted with the glamoury of metaphysics than they are. $64,000,000 Equal, within less than a million of dollars, what is about given on royal authority as the coinage of eight years. How can these accounts be reconciled? Are there any other mints in the province besides those of Mexico? Are the state. ments of Dr. Robinson so greatly over-rated, or are those published by the Spanish government so much under rated? We shall, doubtless, have much information on this, as well as many other important subjects, when the map of Dr. Robin son shall be published, as it is to be accompanied with a memoir, for which we look with some im--the late Dr. Wilmot-and that he was consepatience and anxiety. BONAPARTE. [Press. The following is a curious order of the day issued by Bonaparte, when First Consul, on the Uccasion of an act of suicide committed by a horse grenadier Extract from the orderly book of the horse grenadiers of the Consular Guard. Order of the 22d Floreal, (year 10.) The grenadier Grobbin has destroyed himself in consequence of a love affair. He was otherwise a respectable man. This is the second event To be brief with my reverend friend, I hasten to acquaint him that the University of Oxford has the honor of having given to the world that high priest of political scrutiny, Junius, in one of her greatest ornaments of oratory, and deep literature crated by England's once illustrious prime minister, lord Chatham, and by lords Sondes and Archer, at whose house several of his celebrated letters were written, and thence conveyed to Mr. Wilkes, who communicated them to Woodfall, the printer. This, my dear sir, is not fancy. The facsimiles of Woodfall and Hessey, and Taylor, are now before me, contrasted with MSS. of the late Dr. Wilmot; and there is not, nor cannot be a shadow of doubt, but the same hand traced the characters If there could be any doubt for a moment entertained of the fact, it would entirely be done away by the signature of lord Chatham to one of the papers now before me, wherein that illustrious statesman promises "to indemnity Dr Wilmot for any losses he may incur by publishing his Political Essays;" and farther, by the death bed avowal of the doctor himself, declaring, in the most solemn and feeling manner, "that he (Dr. Wilmot) only was the author of the letters at issue!" The paper was then sealed and delivered to his amiable niece, (a danghter of the late duke of Cumberland, his friend) with strict injunctions that she was not to open it until seven years after his death, which, I need not add, was faithfully attended to. On the whole, the comparison of the MSS in the possession of Woodfall, and that of the "Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers." now in the possession of Sir Richard Phillips, and those in the possession of his niece, incontrovertibly assert that Dr. Wilmot was the author of the works in question. The absurdity of the claims of the adherents and sticklers of Sir P. Francis, to place him in the chair of Junius, is so palpable that I wonder how any person who has attentive ly road the letters of that author, could for a momen hesitate to pronounce him one of the most unlikely men to produce such writings, or to whom such writings should be ascribed! The knight was only 22 years old when the letters first appeared, and the doctor was 51! The pointed elegance and acumen of his nervous style had been twenty years a subject of admiration at the University; and he had long been to Mr. Pitt and others what Dean Swift is reported to have been to Harley, earl of Oxford. To me every sentence of the celebrated letters pourtray their emanation from a comprehensive, deep, enlight ened, and well matured mind-not the mind of a clerk of 22, when the flare and frivolities of youth are often more attended to than the expansion of intellect, and such, I have been told, was really the case of Sir P. Francis at that age! The limits of my paper will not allow me at present to cite extracts from the letters of Lord Chatham and his colleagues to the doctor; bu ! might do so, and they would convince-such a chain of unquestionable evidence I never before saw. With an elegance of person the Doctor possessed the easy politeness of a courtier, and, with the assistance of his intriguing friend, Harry Beauclerk, he, like the great Lord Stair, when Ambassador, in France, turned appearance and manners to advantage. On laying aside the clerical costume, and assuming the bag and sword, he was par finesse introduced by Beauclerk to the celebrated Mrs. Abingdon, the then mistress of Lord Shelburn.e; and through his intimacy with that lady, he acquired a knowledge of the private views and transactions of Lord S-that was useful to him while before the public as Junius. I could recite what would fill a volume, of the court transactions of those and later times, but I find that I have written to the end of my paper. However, you may place the firmest affiance in what I have written from the proofs before me, that Dr. Wilmot, and no other man on earth, wrote "The Letters of Junius." And that I am, Rev. and Dear Sir, very faithfully yours, Credat Judaes Apella, H. CAMPBELL. • He was 28 years. MUNGO PARK. The death of Mr. Park, the enterprizing traveller in the interior of Africa, seems now to be placed beyond a doubt. The following information of that event corroborates in part, the statement given by Amadi Fatoama, who was despatched in quest of Park from the Gambia, some years since; but is at variance with the circumstances attending it. Mr Bowditch, who conducted a successful mission from Cape Coast Castle to the King of the Ashantees, obtained, while at Coomasste, the summer before last, the following account, during one of his visits to Baba, the chief of the Moors. A Moor, who had just come from Tombuctoo, was sent for purpose of seeing Mr. Bowditch, and who did not express the surprise that was anticipated on seeing a white man, and accounted for it from having before seen three white men at Boussa. This naturally created a desire of being informed of the particulars, and Baba interpreted to Mr. Bowditch the following relation which the Moor gave:-"That some years ago a vessel, with masts, suddenly appeared on the Quolla, or Niger, near Boussa, with three white men, and some black. The natives encouraged by these strange men, took off provisions for sale, were well paid, and received presents besides: it seems the vessel had anchored. The next day, perceiving the vessel going on, the natives hurried after her (the Moor protesting, from their anxiety to save her from sunken rocks with which the Quolla abounds;) but the white men mistaking, and thinking they pursued for a bad purpose, deterred them. The vessel soon after struck; the men jumped into the water and tried to swim, but could not for the current, and were drowned. He thought some of their clothes were now at Wanwaw, but he did not believe there were any books or papers." This story was afterwards repeated to Mr. Bowditch by another Moor, but who was not, like the former, an eye witness of the transaction. An Arabic manuscript was also obtained by this gentleman, which corroborates the fate of Mr. Park and his companion, Lieut. Martyn, and adds that one of the bodies had been found and buried. There is, however, reason to hope that some further information may be obtained. Mr. Hutchinson, who was left as resident agent at Coomassie, learning from Baba, the person before mentioned, that a Moor was about to depart for Jenue, sent a letter to two Europeans who resided there, and whom he supposed were some belonging to Park's expedition, as seven of the soldiers are yet unaccounted for, who were in good health when separated from their commander. There are also, it seems, two white men at Tombuctoo. who have been there for several years. The Moors assured Mr. Hutchinson that there was no doubt of the letter reaching its destination, and that gentleman accompanied it with two notices in English and Arabic, offering a reward for infor mation. Castlebar, December 7.-We have not at any time to relate an occurrence in this country, productive of such extensive misery, or so awful in ali its particulars, as one which took place in the night of Monday, the 30th ult. about fourteen miles from Crossmolina, in the mountains of Erris, where seventeen souls were hurried inte eternity. The house of a comfortable and hospitable farmer, named O'Hara, in that remote quar ter, which was seated on the side of a valley, and lady went out, leaving the bantling in bed, with a BRIGHT'S TRAVELS IN HUNGARY. From Urmeng, the author proceeded to the gold and silver mines Schemnitz Kremnitz, which he has described at great length; as also the va was overhung at about two miles distance, by four lakes, which communicated with each other, was completely swept away by an immense body of water, which burst forth from those lakes, leaving a frightful gap in their former boundary, and in its impetuous course levelling and carrying away every thing that interposed. O'Hara, his wife and children (except one that happened to be absent) some travellers who were passing to and from Erris, and three soldiers of the 924 High-From the Edinburg Review for December, 1818. landers, composed the unhappy party that pe rished by this dreadful eruption. When the last accounts were received from this scene of suffer ing, the bodies of nine of the inhabitants and one of the soldiers had been discovered, and a party of the 92d regiment had proceeded from Balinarious docimastic processes employed to obtain to inter their lamented comrades with military the metals from their ores. The prevalent rock honors. The three soldiers had been of a party is a tender clay stone porphyry, in some places who were employed upon revenue duty, and two passing into grunstien; the summits of the mills of them having been so much fatigued as to be being all composed of this grunstien. The disunable to reach their quarters, were left in charge trict productive of the precious metals, is about of the third, George Anderson, as a steady man, five or six square miles in extent, and contains who billetted for the night at O'Hara's house, five great parallel veins, running east and west, where the whole party had been entertained a and dipping at an angle of eighty degrees. In few nights before. The deceased soldiers were these veins, consisting chiefly of feldspar, vary. fine young men, of excellent character, and ing from sixty to one hundred and twenty feet in sharers of the glories of Waterloo. The unfor-thickness, and connected with each other by tunate deluge has also destroyed several head of cattle, as well as great quantities of hay, oats, turf, &c. MYSTERIOUS CIRCUMSTANCE. small and irregular branches, is found the metallic ore, forming veins from ten to four inches in thickness, and druses lined with crystals of the metal quartz and calcareous spar. The great veins of Stephani-schacht is remarkable, as diminishing in width as it approaches the surface, which is considered by the miners as an exception to the general rule. A few nights ago, a lady rather fashionably dressed, applied to the house of a person residing in one of the streets of the old town, and begged to know whether she might be accommodated with a night's lodging; being replied in There are twelve great mines in this district, the affirmative, she was shown to her bed, and all of which find an outlet for their water at a took possession accordingly. At an advanced depth of twelve hundred feet, by one adit, the bour in the night, the people of the house were length of which is estimated at twelve miles.alarmed by groans, which appeared to issue from The veins have, however, been wrought to the the bed occupied by the fair lodger; having got depth of eighteen hundred feet; and from these up to inquire whether she was ill, they were deeper galleries, the water is raised by a most inastonished to find she had been delivered of a genious machine, invented by Holl, the chief enfine boy, which, with its mother, were both well.gineer of the imperial mines. A stream of water Their amazement was only equalled by their ap- || procured from reservoirs in the high vallies, falls prehensions, that a circumstance of the kind through a perpendicular iron pipe, two hundred shonld have taken place beneath their roof-how- and seventy feet in length which being then bent ever, the lady politely assured them, that they at a right angle, conducts it into the lower exneed entertain no fears on that account; that if tremity of a large cylinder in which there is an they could keep the secret, they might rest con air tight piston. The watering the cylinder raises fident she would not reveal it; that she would in- the piston to the top, and escapes by a valve demnify them in any expenses which they might which then opens; while, at the same time, the incur, and handsomely reward them for the asy. communication between the cylinder and the lum they had afforded her. The fears of the old vertical pipe is interrupted. The piston redescouple were in some degree quieted, and they, cends by its own weight; the water is again allowfor three days, continued their ordinary avoca- ed to enter the cylinder, and an alternate motion tions, supplied the invalid lady with such things is thus established. To the piston rods are atas she demanded, and for which she paid with tached two beams bearing the rods of pumps, the greatest liberality. On the fourth morning, which raise the water by successive stages from the man and his wife had occasion to go from the deepest part of the mine. There are three home at the same time, and the lady signified to of these machines, each of which raises 1790 cubic the girl who was in attendance, her wish to get feet of water, from a depth of six hundred feet up and dress, for some very urgent business in an hour. The water employed in working the obliged her to go out for a short time; the girl machine makes its escape by the same adit with assisted in equipping her, but her curiosity was that which it has raised. These machines, it is much excited by the great care which the lady evident, work on the principle of the Hydrostatook to conceal her face. The girl at length saidtic Paradox, in the same way as Bramah's press. she hoped it would not be impertinent to ask why The perpendicular pipe, in which the water desshe did so? The lady replied, that it was only nacends, transmits its pressure through a horizontural, soon after accouchment, that she should endeavor to make herself up warm, to avoid the danger of catching cold. The reply was reasona ble, and the girl was obliged to be satisfied. The tal tube to the under surface of a piston of a larger diameter than itself, so that it has the ad. vantage of acting with a force proportional to a "column of the height of two hundred and seventy ny nights the party had no shelter but the leaves they could collect after their day's journey; and their journies were seldom less than from 20 to 30 miles a day, over the very worst roads that nor was accompanied by lady Raffles; she was occasionally carried on a man's back, but generally walked, as the roads were too bad to admit of her being carried in a chair. Doct. Arnold, physician, and naturalist, fell a sacrifice to the fatigue, and died of a violent fever. Dr. Horsefield, who ac feet, and of a diameter equal to that of the wide | tube; a force of course far greater than its own weight. Though the mechanical advantage derived from this construction must be great, the time for producing the effect wanted will be in-ever were passed. In this expedition the govercreased just in proportion to that advantage, or in the proportion of the section of the wide tube to the section of the small one. The date of this machine is 1745, which shows the great mistake of those who suppose that Bramah was the first || who applied this principle to the elevation of great weight. The force of this machine is enor-companied the governor to Menangcabon, was on mous, though the rapidity of working may not correspond to it. A column of water 270 feet deep is equivalent, by its simple pressure, to about eight atsmospheres and a half. What additional force it derives from the comparative sections of the tubes, Dr. Bright's description does not enable us to ascertain. the twelfth Angust, the date of our last intelligence from fort Marlborough, dangerously ill with a dysentery, but we hope his life will be spared to carry home the important collections he has made both in Java and Sumatra. unarmed and confided his wife to their hospitality. They found the country beautiful and magnificent. Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles has thrown the trade open, and reformed all the establishments. Treaties have been entered into with the Princes of Menangcabon. [London paper. As this was the first appearance of the Europe an authority in the interior, lady Raffles was the most peaceable standard the party could hoist.The Island of Sumatra.-By the arrival of the It was impossible for the natives to consider their Kingston, from Java, intelligence of much impor-object warlike, when the governor proceeded tance as affecting British interest in the Indian Seas, has been received. The governor of Fort Marlborough, (Sir T. S. Raffles) has displayed his characteristic energy and activity since his arrival in Sumatra, and has anxiously endeavored to extend the British influence over the whole of that valuable and extensive island. Sumatra has hitherto been very unknown. The European establish- Sultan Katte Ghery, Grim Ghery. The wild ments are entirely on the coast. Europeans had and romantic country of Caucasus, so interesting never penetrated into the interior. All attempts to the naturalist and to the historian, has been to do so, indeed, were reckoned desperate; no hitherto almost unexplored. The savage and European would embark in them. The popula- rude manners of its inhabitants, the jealousies and tion of the interior were considered as savages, feuds of its chiefs, and the almost impassable and the mountains impassable, and yet the natives state of its mountains and valleys, have appalled would still bring down their gold, and cassia, and the most adventurous travellers Even the latest camphor, &c. for which Sumatra had, from the scientific expedition, undertaken with a view of earliest ages, been famous. The governor felt examining that country, under Professors Parrot there was but one alternative, and that was to and Eugelhardt, could not venture much out of open the road by going himself. His enterprise the beaten track. It is evident, that without the was crowned with success. He penetrated into assistance and support of the chieftain of the the interior in three different directions; to the country, Caucasus must be considered as inaccessouthward inland of Manna, to the important pro-sible. Philosophers, therefore, will rejoice to vinces occupied by a people called the Passum- learn that a native prince, the Sultan Katte Ghemahs; to the northward to Menangcabon, the far-ry, who is related to the present possessor of the famed capital of the Malay empire; and inland of Bencoolen, across the island to Palembang. Ottoman throne, is likely to open this country to the curiosity and enterprise of civilized Europe. The result has been the discovery of a mine of This sensible, well informed, and enterprising wealth-a country highly cultivated and abound-chief, is at present one of the many strangers ing in precious metals. The Passummahs are an from the remotest corners of the earth, now enathletic, fine race of men, as superior to the peo-joying the benefit of the public lectures in the ple on the coast as it is possible to conceive; they Edinburgh University. He is anxious to carry are agricultural and numerous. At Menangrabon with him to the wilds of Caucasus that species of he was gratified with a population and country information which will tend to civilize his rude fully equal to any part of Java. Within the subjects; and we understand it to be his intention space of twenty miles the population does not to make these subordinate to the grand plan he fall short of a million. In short, it is the gover-as formed, of introducing into his native land the nor's opinion, that with a little encouragement, light of Christianity. far greater resources are to be found in Sumatra than the Britith have derived from Java; but much remains to be done. A central government must be established, the whole island must be brought under control, and the avenues of commerce, now closed up, re-opened. Our readers are aware that Menangcabon was the place whence all the gold that gave Melano the name of the Golden Chersonesus was carried. These discoveries have not, however, been made without great personal risk and fatigue. The country could only be explored on foot. Moun tains 6000 feet high were to be crossed, and rocks, precipices, and forests, to be traversed. For ma A noble act.-The count D'Arcos, at present prime minister in the Brazils, has immortalized himself in the opinion of his countrymen, by a magnanimous act. It was through the wise mea. sures and exertions of the count, that the late revolution of Pernambuco was attended with no fatal consequences to the crown. King John VII. the reigning monarch, grateful for his important services, handed to the count a blank sheet of paper, with his name only signed at the bottom, telling him to write thereon any thing he wished, as it would be considered as the sovereign's will, and immediately executed. The count look the [No. 18 paper, and wrote thereon an order for the libra- | home, the poor creature of a man who stood tion of all the prisoners detained at Pernambuco, shivering in the rain, holding a horse rug over and held for execution. The king commanded that the order should be carried into immediate it!' This was something new to me. his shoulders, did not know how he would take effect. Recipe for the cure of the murrain in horned cattle; "This cultivation of the Swedish turnip is very general in Lancashire. I saw along the road many fields of them, but no white turnips; and, what is very odd, not a field with a gally [bare] place, though parts of it were sown at three or four different times, one after the other, while nobody in Hampshire has, this year, any such for the fly) more than ordinarily voracious, eat thing as a field of turnips. Robert, (a nick name them all up also, the horn distemper and the garget. Take of field mercury, alias stump ivy, alias poison vine, (which is found growing in wet land, and is very poisonous to the human species,) one pound of the root and branches; boil it very strong, and when sufficiently cool, give, by way of drench, three junk bottles of it, and as much But, besides, the fellows in the more diffused in a pail or two of water. The cure nothern counties, having got the crops, they have, is certain and effectual; discovered by the sub-likewise, what is full as much, and that is, the art scriber, resident in Portland, Massachusetts. and mystery of using them. It is a common pracJEDEDIAH DOW. tice to steam turnips for cows and horses. One man in particular, Mr. Brotherton, who is owner of most of the stages from Liverpool, on the Manchester road, grows the turnips and steams them regularly, as a principal part of the food for his working coach horses. I did not hear of this have gone and seen all about it." till I was coming along in the coach, or I should AGRICULTURAL. THE RUTA BAGA CULTURE. N. B. Forty bushels, heaped measure, make a ton; so that here are 1430 bushels to the Ameri To the editor of the American Farmer. Fulton street, New York, 19th April, 1819. SIR,-In the second part of my year's residence, I gave some account of an extraordinary field of Ruta Baga (or Swedish Turnips,) which was, as I had been informed, growing near Liverpool.can acre, selling for 74 pounds sterling (or 333 My son William, who arrived at Liverpool from New York, on the 12th of January, went to see this famous field, and the following is his report relating to it. What he adds respecting the mode of using this root is, I think, well worthy || of the attention of American farmers. The letter, of which the following is an extract, is dated London, 28th January, 1819. If you think the extract, together with this explanatory note, worthy of a place in your paper, you will, by inserting them, confer an obligation on, sir, your most obedient servant, WM. COBBETT. dollars) an acre; and that too, at an English shilling the same sort of turnip is selling whole sale, at a bushel, which is not a quarter of a dollar, while New York, for a dollar a bushel! What a fine cargo to send hither! But let us hope, that after this year, America will stand in need of no such car. goes. I hope that we shall show, this summer, that we know how to profit from rain, and sun, and fine land, as well as other people. I mean, this year, to try whether Hampstead Plains will not beat this famous Lancashire crop. THE TEA PLANT. To Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, on the cultivation of Since writing my former letters on this subject, a fact has been announced in the newspapers tate the introduction of tea in the United States. We are told that the tea shrubs are now culti. vated in France, in open air, and in quantity. It was well known that they were kept in many green houses in England and France, where they thrived and flowered; but they were deemed too valuable to be trusted out of doors in winter. The experiment has now been made, and has succeeded. Tea will therefore become, in a few years, an indigenous article in Europe. "I had not time to write to you from Liverpool an account of a fine field of turnips I there saw; but the following is an account of it:-Half a ton off eight yards square of ground, of Swedish turnips with heads and tail cut off, ready for market; and the selling price to cowkeepers and cattle feed-which confirms my ideas, and may greatly facili ers, 2 pounds sterling per ton. Thus the report of the crop being worth 200 per acre, is an exaggeration of only 40 in the 200. For this eight || yards square, which is two statute rods, is only one Cheshire rod. The turnips were by far larger than any I ever saw before, and very thick on the ground; but, you must understand that it is only in patches that they are so very fine. They are sown upon the same plan that our bailiff had those three acres that you found in the Home field, at Hill farm, after the villains let you out from Newgate; that is with the Northumberland drill upon a single bout ridge, the ridges at two feet apart, and the plants thinned to one foot in the rows; they profess to have the intervals twenty seven inches, but they are barely two feet. "This crop, of upwards of thirty-seven tons, not including greens, to a statute acre, comes off Jand which was, a very few years since, a wild marsh. The soil is rather sandy, but moist; and no manure has ever been put on but horse and cow dung. They expect just as good a crop from the same piece of ground again next year, without any manure. I was very anxious to get score of the best of these turnips, to send you with your seeds: but as the farmer was not at the north of China is now removed. We may It appears that some writers consider the green |