of an Indian agent, had not suffered otherwise than those with whom he acted. This was a material Indian chiefs taken in St. Mark's along with Arbuth not were executed, and that he was not exposed to greater severity than those with whose cause he identified himself. In offering these observations to the house, he trusted that he should not be considered as defending the conduct of gen. Jackson, or as approving of the sentence by which our countrymen suffered. There was not, he believed, an individual among their lordships in the house, there was not a man m the country, there was not a hu mane or impartial citizen of America, who would not unite in condemning his atrocious and unjustifiable acts. He only begged leave to say, that in the proceedings for which these two British subjects were tried, there were discoverable such grounds of justifying the punishment by which they suffered, as exempted the government of this country from the necessity of embarking in a demand of repara. tion, which must have led to a war if persisted in, and from which, we could not have retreated with honor. and threatened to take forcible possession of the place; and when the fort was taken, Arbuthnot was found with two Indian chiefs among the garrison.part of the question. Now it appeared, that two In his defence he said he was a Bitish merchant carrying on trade between the Bahama islands and the Indians; and had he done nothing more, had he been engaged in mercantile speculations only, tho' found in the fort, he would doubtless have been entitled to protection. The circumstance of the kind of trade in which he was engaged could not deprive him of a right enjoyed by British subjects. He would even go further, and say, that however partial the interest which he traded; whatever services he might have done them short of having joined in their wars; however much he might have desired their success, and endeavoured to promote it without identifying himself with their government, he would not have rendered himself liable to the tribunal on whose authority he was condemned,|| nor have forfeited the protection of that state to which he owed allegiance. But if his trade was merely a secondary consideration-if his character as a merchant was subordinate to his capacity as a political agent-if he did not content himself with the profits of commerce, but engaged in the trans The marquis of LANSDOWN replied at consideraactions of war without consent of his own govern ble length. He was happy to think that the public ment, then undoubtedly he forfeited British protec-|| opinion in America as highly disapproved of the tion. The noble Marquis had gone too far in say. conduct of general Jackson as in this country.ing, that there existed no evidence on the trial to When he stated is sentiments regarding that couconvict Arbuthnot of any political connexion with duct, he had studiously abstained from expressing the Indians. Though nothing else existed but his any opinion regarding reparation. He had not said own correspondence, its contents would appear that the conduct of the individual in question would sufficient. The signature of the letters imputed to|| justify a war. All that he wished was to obtain him he had not disavowed; he did not deny that he any papers containing a disavowal on the part of wrote them, nor did he give any explanation by the American government of the act of their military which their teniency could be eluded. In them agent, and an official declaration that no instructions there was an evident reference to his formal ap- were given him to warrant his proceedings; so that pointinent by the Indian tribes as their agent. So they might never lie drawn into a precedent on any much did he identify himself with their cause, while future occasion. He (lord Lansdown) could not he maintained bis support of British interests, that conceive how the United States government, for he was supposed to be a British agent employed to which be entertained the highest respect, could assist and support them. This was not the case. hesitate to declare, that transactions so objectionaHe was an agent of the Indian tribes for the pur-ble never met with its concurrence. pose of making communications between them and the British government, and not of the British go. vernment for communicating with the Indian tribes. Nor did he confine himself to this commnission.He not only professed to be the channel of communication between the Seminoles and us, but between their tribes and the government of Span || ilere, therefore, not only was British protection renounced, but the British character was entirely thrown off. Throughout the whole of his correspondence he identified himself with the tribes whose cause he had espoused. In his letters were perpetually recurring such phrases as, we think so and so, we intend so and so, it is our right, &c. These letters he had not disavowed; therefore they were to be taken as conclusive evidence that he was a political agent of the Indians. There was a conmunication of his to the governor of the Bahamas, which he distinctly called himself a political agent || of the tribes. Trade formed the least part of his connexion with them, and the capacity of a merchant was that in which he was least known. Under these circumstances, he would ask their lordships, whether Arbuthnot was not to be considered rather as a political agent of the tribes among whom he was found, subject to the responsibility which such a character imposed, than as a British merchant trading in a neutral character, and entitled to British protection? It only remained for him (lord Bathurst) to state, that Arbuthnot, considered in the character With the idea, therefore, that such a declaration might easily be obtained, and that such a consequence would result from it, he submitted his present motion.— He would not again enter into the two cases, or the reasons on which the treatment of the unhappy individuals had been defended. He could not help, however, stating a second time, that he did not see how the conduct of Arbuthnot brought him within the range of responsibility to the American general. He was not proved to be engaged in any military transactions All that was established against him, allowing the fullest credibility to the evidence on which he was convicted, was, that he had allowed himself to become the channel between the Spa. nish government and the Indians. He was found in the fortress of St. Marks; he was proved to have traded with the Indians; to have supplied them with articles used in war; he was charged with being their agent, and with negociating in their behalf; but nothing was alleged to have been done by him in a military capacity, and yet it was only in a military capacity that he could have been condemned by a court martial. He would now say a few words regarding the cession of the Floridas, on which he had received no satisfactory answer from the noble secretary who had just sat down. The noble lord had said, that the two questions were not necessa||rily connected, and had therefore declined to give the information which he (lord L) expected He (lord L.) was sensible that he might have made a VOL. VII.] THE NATIONAL REGISTER. wars. The question was then, did separate motion for papers, and thus have brought tremity of a war. these men suffer so unjustifiable a punishment at the subject before the House in a formal manner; but he thought that he could occomplish the object the order of the American government, as to make as well by giving an opportunity of explanation, it imperative on us to make it a ground of national which might prevent the necessity of a distinct interference? He would say no; and he would deinquiry. The noble Lord, however, instead of fend himself on the following grounds :—If an indiexplaining how far the interference of this Govern-vidual voluntarily embarked in war against any ment had been exerted to prevent the cession of state with which his own government was at peace, he exposed himself to all its dangers and liabilities, the Floridas to the United States, had taken the ex without having a right to the protection of his ownL traordinary course of declaring the principle of interference unjustifiable and mischievous. He had country. He might bring, as a proof of this, the not said that it was ineffectual in this case, but he provisions of a treaty concluded between lord Grenlaid down a doctrine, by which its application wouldville and Mr. Jay, 1794; it stipulated that the subsoon be destroyed in every other. The defencejects of neither should engage with any power in a war against the other, and that if they did, they that was formerly set up for not requiring a guarantee from Spain that she would not cede any of should be left to the treatment to which the subher colonial possessions to another power, was notjects of the third power were hable. This stipulathat the principles of establishing such a security tion he had no doubt had a reference to the Indian He did not say that this justified the conwas improper, but that it was unnecessary, because the provisions of the treaty of Utrecht, which had duct of gen. Jackson, as regarding his own country, been confirmed by the stipulations of the treaty of but it justified us in not demanding reparation. If a volunteer engages in the wars of another Seville, were, still in force, and formed a sufficient security. He admitted that the treaty of Seville State, against the sovereign of a State with which we are at peace, any severity inflicted on him is could not afford a sufficient guarantee against the cession of the Floridas, because they did not belong directed, not against the government to which he owes allegiance, but to that of which he holds the to Spain at the time that was made. Some stipula tion, therefore, he thought, ought to have been in-commission. If reparation is demanded, the state troduced into the treaty of Vienna, to accomplish || may say, "You are our friend, he has become our this object. It had never before been contended, enemy; he has, therefore, no longer a title to your that a security of the kind ought not to exist; and protection, and in punishing him we offer no indig as it did not exist before the Congress of Vienna,nity to you." Now, however unjustifiable General it ought then to have been established. The doc-Jackson's conduct was, Arbuthnot and Ambrister, trine of the Noble Secretary, that no interference as being volunteers, and as exposed themselves to could be justified, would destroy the principle on danger without any authority from their own go. which the balance of power rested, which it had vernment, had no right to appeal to their own nation for protection. The case of Ambrister was inhitherto been the custom to rely upon as our secu rity. At the Congress at Vienna in 1814, a stipula- deed allowed to stand on that ground. He was tation could have been easily procured from Spain, ken aiding the enemy; and though Gen Jackson's for whom we had so much, and would not have conduct was most atrocious in inflicting upon him a been objected to by the other powers of Europe. capital punishment, contrary to the sentence of the The case of ArbuthOur influence was then great, and could have pro-court-martial, that was an affair merely between the general and his government. cured this reasonable security. The earl of LIVERPOOL said, that he would not not stood on different grounds: he was not taken in have troubled the House had he not been so point-arms, but he was proved equally to nave aided and edly alluded to by the noble marquis; and had not assisted the enemy. Would the noble marquis conwhat he said on the first day of the session been tend, that political and civil servants should be exsomewhat mistaken. His noble friend had explain- empted where military agents were punished. The el that mistake. He had not said that he would question could only be therefore, "Did Arbuthlay papers on the table to explain the transaction; not assist the Indians?" and on this head he thought but that he would be ready at a subsequent periodno doubt could remain. He had petitioned the Briof the session to show the principle on which this | tish government to be allowed to interfere; he had government and America had acted. There were gone to reside among them when he knew that another British agent had been discouraged; and his two aspects of this question, which were often confounded, and from which great mistakes had arisen services in the cause of the Indians had not been denied. Much evidence, he was willing to allow, -he meant its morality, or rather immorality; and the political ground that it had for demanding repa- had been produced in Court which did not deserve ration. Looking at gen. Jackson's conduct in the the least attention; but there was a letter of his former view, he did not hesitate to say that it exhi- which was written with his own hand, and which bited acts of as violent and as outrageous a nature he had not denied, asking arms and ammunition as could be found in history-acts for which he was expressly for the purposes of the war. Ile had, With regard to the responsible to God and his country; and yet, consi- therefore, placed himself in the same situation as dering the distinction he had made, they might not though he had taken up arms. be of a kind to justify a demand of reparation from commutation of the sentence on Ambrister, and the this country. He was free to say that the British infliction of a severe punishment when the Court government had not overlooked the acts in ques- had awarded a minor, it was impossible to speak of tion; that they had various communications on the it without horror. No general in this country, no subject; and that it was after the most mature deli- officer, however exalted his rank or eminent his beration that they had adopted the course which || services, could have dared to set aside the judgethey now followed. When a question arose regardment of the Court, and to have substituted another, ing the nature of the act of a foreign state, it was their duty to weigh well the nature of the first step in demanding reparation; as a demand once made, if unattended to, must be pursued even to the ex without exposing himself to the severest punishment. It was not here a question what might be done in the heat of passion; but when the laws are once appealed to, it has been observed, that the country. The atmosphere is, perhaps, less humid han any country I have been in, and is, I conceive, better calculated for northern constitutions than my southern station I have visited. greatest tyrant would be content with its decision. This was all he felt it necessary to say upon this subject. Upon the other subject touched upon by the noble marquis, he would say a very few words If by the faith of treaties Spain was bound to make Fish in great abundance is to be caught in the no cession of the Floridas, it would be inconsistent harbor, but owing to the indolence of the inhabiwith every principle of justice and generosity (itants, the market is badly supplied. Oranges are justice and generosity were not here the same) in indigenous in this section of the country, also many the existing state of that monarchy, to call upon other delicious fruits. Spain to exercise such a guarantee, unless we were The lands on the river St. Johns are considered prepared to make common cause with her in re- the most fertile, and most advantageously situated sisting the cession. To call upon a country not to for planters: after passing twenty miles up, it changive up what it was for her interest to cede, but ges its direction, and runs parallel with the ocean what it was much against our interest to surrender, for 150 miles. I am under the impression that the was a principle, than which nothing could be more most of St. Johns will be particularly well calculatungenerous, more unfit, or more improper. Whated for commercial men, and men of enterprise, as consequences or what effect this cession might have have on the fate and destinies of the new nations. it would be out of place here to enquire. What means of strength, or principles of weakness, could not but interest every intelligent politician? As far as the interests of Great Britian were concerned, PORTLAND, June 9.-Last week, a boat from Cape this was not a case in which this could be warrant-Elizabeth, returned with a fare of fish from the ed or justified in interfering. ground adjacent to this port, and on opening a large the bar is much better, and after passing the bar, vessels my go one hundred and fifty miles without the least impediment. Something for the Naturalist. The motion was negatived without a division, and cod, found in his maw a snake of very singular spethe House adjourned. ST. AUGUSTINE. cies, five and a half feet in length, with scales covering his body, one of which we have seen, of semicircular form, measuring one inch and three quarA letter from a gentleman in the South to his ters in length and half an inch in breadth and of a friend in Washington City, gives the following de-color similar to the common fish scale. It is with scription of the town and fortress of St. Augustine: regret we are not enabled to give a particular description, but we understand the whole is in a state of preservation, for future inspection. As I have just returned from St. Augustine, on a jaunt of curiosity, I presume a description of the situation of that place will not be uninteresting to you. FOREIGN. GREAT BRITAIN. A Loudon paper of the 4th of May contains a pa Duke of WELLINGTON will, on the fourth of July next, give a splendid entertainment at his mansion. St. Augustine is situated on the Main, about two miles within the bar, immediately opposite the in let; it is not passable for vessels drawing over fifteen feet of water. The Island of Matanzies runs uear-ragraph, notifying the fashionable world, that the ly parallel with the ocean, and forms a point of the south end of St. Augustine inlet. This is principal ly solid rock, composed of the concretions of shells, and is what is generally made use of for building in the city, and is hewn out in large blocks. It is better calculated for the construction of for tifications than any other materials I am acquaint ed with-and, with proper cement, forms a solid mass of rock. а Fort St. Marks is built of this, rock, and presents a most formidable appearance upon entering the harbor. It is situated on the northern extremity of the city of St. Augustine, conmanding the en trance of the harbor, and is sufficiently elevated to secure the city from attack on that quarter. In the rear of the city is an impenetrable morass or marsh nearly encircling it; on the margin of which are erected six redoubts. The fort is twenty feet high and the walls twelve feet thick; it mounts 36 guns; it is four square, with a bastion at each corner, each mounting eight 24 pounders, with a glass encircling the work The city contains about 500 houses, built of the kind of stone before described, has a population of 5000 souls, principally Minorcans and natives of the province. There are the remains of a convent an government house-the latter occupied by Llack troops The Catholic church resembles an old Go thic building. The city exhibits the remains of an cient splendor, but is now evidently going to decav The situation of the country contiguous is ver low, but exceedingly well adapted to the cultivation. of vegetables of every description in the southern The London exhibition of Pictures at Somersethouse, for May, contains the picture of Sir Roger de Coverley, surrounded by his tenants in the Church Fard, by our countryman, LESLIE; which is highly admired. Mr. WEST has a fine sketch of the Resurrection, and another of Cæsar reading the history of Alexander's exploits. The exhibition contains the extraordinary number of 1,250 performances. The Persian Ambassador, who has lately arrived at the Court of St. James' in London, accompanied by a Circassian female, possessing uncommon beauty, is the universal topic of conversation: his turban, his beard, his diamond hilted dagger, his magnificent Cashmere shawl and crimson satin dress studded with diamonds, and his display of horsemanship in which he appears ostentatious-all seem to engross the attention of the Metropolis of John Bull, who seems quite taken with the dazzling stranger. As for the Circassian beauty, she is described by an officer of the customs, the only being who had a peep at her, two black eunuchs, excepted who guard her, with drawn sabres in their ands) as having the upper part of her head covered by a hood, the lower part of her face screened by a silk shawl ted across the nose, so that her eyes, hich are beautiful, and part of her forehead, were e only part of her charms visible. She appeared of the middle size Already the papers teem with puffs, announcing VOL. VII.] the "Genuine Circassian Soap," "The Circassian ||is to be strengthened. In the first line Oudenarde Hat, made of tissue de paille;" "The Persian Tur-will have an important place among the fortresses which are to cover West Flanders. ban, for the ladies;" and many other nonsensical arGHENT, April 12.-We learn from good auticles, which the mania of the day has given rise to, and have been invented to gratify the cocknies.-thority, that a fort is to be erected without this city, near the Courtry Gate. Oudenarde and DenderThe Theatre, to be in fashion, must of course get up something in the style of the Arabian Night's nonde are also to be strengthened Entertainments. An Oxford advertisement says, "John Rogers' "coach will begin flying on Easter Monday, in the "morning; that is to say, it will leave Oxford; at "six o'clock in the morning of that day, and will "dine in London at 12 o'clock the next day, God "willing." Forty servants, in distinct advertisements, advertise in a single London paper for places. Upon the conviction of a prisoner, at the Old Bailey, in London, very disgraceful scenes often take place, by certain individuals, who, regardless even of the sentence of death that has just been pronounced on the prisoner, seize on the property that may have been produced in evidence against the culprit, before his face, and a scramble takes place between the Sheriff and the marshalmen. for the valuables. An altercation ensues, which often ininterrupts the business of the court-these scenes have of late frequently been repeated without the its interference. STOCKHOLM, March 25-An extensive work is to be constructed in the centre of Sweden, between the lakes Venern and Vetter, which is to serve as a general magazine and place of retreat for the Swedish army, in case of a reverse, and as a || bulwark against foreign invasion. WEST INDIA INTELLIGENCE. From a Kingston (Jam) Paper of Nov. last. On. Prince Grove estate, in the neighborhood of the Indian River, in the parish of St. Johns, in this Island, is to be seen one of the great est curiosities of nature-a perfect Volcano in miniature. It is impossible to imagine any thing of the kind It was visited twelve more strikingly beautiful. months since by several gentlemen of the Island, who declared it, at that period; to have been but a few inches in circumference, and still fewer in height Its dimensions, when again inspected by the inser. ter of these observations, in July last were as follows: Height from the base to the top, In the Court of King's Bench, April 26th, 1819, in the case of Lewis & Clement, for an alleged libel . Whether this important question was discussed: it was libellous for an editor of a newspaper to pub lish the proceedings of a Court of Justice, which tended to expose the misconduct of a person impli-Ditto cated in such proceedings?"-a question of vital im. portance, as it respects the welfare of the public. The Court postponed its judgment on the question until early in the ensuing term. The London Courier, of the 28th of April, states that the actual diminution of the British military force during the preceding year, amounts to 34,118 officers and men; and the number retained for the service of the present year, exclusive of those in India, amounts to 69 794. The whole reduction for two years is 55,802, officers and men. The art of stereotype printing has, at length been applied to its legitimate objects, viz. collections of tables and figure work. Thus we just see announced, a collection of stereotyped and imma culate mathematical tables of Logarithms, Sines and Tangents; and also a stereotyped Ready Reckoner, by Coxhead, so correct that he offers one pound re. ward for the detection of an error. ditto at the opening, Feet. Inches. "It is situate in the centre of a moderate sized valley, surrounded by a cluster of small mountains, about half a mile from the sea shore, and should it continue increasing proportionably to the size it has already attained in one single year, we may expect at some distant period to find it put on a formidable appearance, and occasion terror as well as mischief. It is remarkable that the outer strata, or layers of earth, are extremely uniform and exact, and the whole presents a novel appearance, The boiling lava, or more properly, liquid earth, continually discharges from the month, and overflows that already formed, and consequently increases its bulk, whilst at the same time it disfigures the beauty of its conical structure. A long staff was thrust into the body of it through the mouth, and the matter, which adhered to it, had the appearance of a thick bluish marl, of a sulphurous smell and sweetish taste. We could distinctly hear the rumbling of the boilThere are souffriers A Dublin paper says, the right honorable J. Foster is now the oldest senator in the house of com.ing liquid contained within mons, having been without intermission, a member of parliament since the latter end of the year 1760, a period of nearly fifty-nine years. It is said that the oil of hartshorn applied in a small quantity to the heads and rumps of lambs ef. fectually prevents the fox from striking them. PILLAU. (Prussia) April 3.-The Louisa, Capt. Hoop, from London, has arrived to-day with Scotch colonists, they intend establishing themselves in Poland. BRUSSELS, April 12.-Besides the line of for tresses which are erecting from the Maese to the North Sea, on the southern frontier, it is intended to raise the necessary works to cover the Schelds. The east end of Ghent will be covered to this end by some forts, and it is even said, that Dendermonde in variors parts of the island, and hot mineral springs, but in no part, to the best of my knowledge, is there to be found so great a curiosity as this cra. ter. It may be difficult to account for the origin of this extraordinary production, but from the circumjacent soil, however, we may conjecture, and set it down as of a mineral quality, It well deserves, the attention of lovers of natural philosophy, for to a curious mind, how pleasing, interesting, and noble an occupation must it be to solve, if possible the the theory, by which these astonishing phenomena re created and carried on. NASSAU, May 5.-The Kingston Chronicle of the 6th ult. states that, it is understood, that an order of the Spanish government, directs the port of La Vera Cruz, to be opened to all vessels having British registers, and navigated under the British flag, with the manufactures of the British empire, subject to ad valorem duties upon the invoices-the rates not ascertained; all other nations are said to be excluded. EDITOR'S CABINET. City of Washington, June 5th. ence is already too prevalent in our legislative councils. Therefore, Resolved, That we will not support to any office of trust, honor or profit, any man who is, or may be, an officer or a director of any bank, or who may be directly or indirectly entrusted in any bank, or bank stock in or out of this state. Resolved, That these resolutions be published. E. PATRICK, Secretary." OFFICIAL NOTICES, &c. The President of the United States was on the 4th of June on the eve of entering Natchez, on his road. The Vice-President of the United States, we are informed, through the Boston papers, proposes vi MONEY CONCERNS continue in most parts of the country, to occupy the public attention; and various projects for bettering the condition of our fiscal affairs, are successively submitted for deliberation. The people, in this conflict between paper and gold, begin to be aroused from the slumber which the monied aristocracy, or bank paper associa-south-western tour. tions, had imposed on them; and, as The Secretary of the Treasury has returned to burnt children dread the fire, a determina- Washington, after a short trip to inspect the protion is fast gaining ground to discountenance, gress, &c. of the construction of the Cumberland altogether, a system so fraught with mischief, and dangerous to the enjoyment of civil liberty, by no longer permitting with impunity monopolists and speculators to possess an undue advantage over the industrious mechanic and farmer, thereby fostering seeds of corruption, that, in the end, may bring our posterity back to a condition of slavery not less degrading than that our forefathers have so gloriously and so recently freed us from. We have seen nothing that meets our ideas on this topic so nearly as the following spirited resolutions: they ought to have every publicity, and be circulated as extensively as possible, that our citizens may be stimulated to similar exertions in every quarter of the Union. "Salem, Indiana, May 16-We, the citizens of Washington county, and state of Indiana, having considered the effects of the banking system upon our country, believing it to be destructive to our rights as a republican people, and which will ultimately terminate, if not checked, in the subver. sion of our independence, feel the necessity of raising our united voices against the supporters of such institutions. Proud of our liberty, and jealous of our rights, we are determined to choose from among us, for our rulers, men who feel and regard the true interests of our country, unbiased by private speculation. We therefore solemnly form the following resolutions : Resolved, That we consider the banking system, under any circumstances, as a system of monopoly, a system tending to create unnatural distinctions in society, and contrary to the simplicity and spirit of our republican institutions. Resolved, That we consider the Banking system, as it has been considered in these United States for some years past, an imposition upon the mass of the people; as a species of frand and swindling, in which the interest of the many has been sacrificed to the benefit of the few. Resolved, That we consider the present Banking system not only injurious to the pecuniary interests of the community in general, but dangerous to the dearest rights of a free people, and that its influ siting that capital, during the present summer. Gen. Jackson, on the 30th of April, was danger Daschkoff, arrived at the seat of government on the 26th ult. He occupies the late residence of Mr. Bagot. Mr. Politika, Russian minister, in the place of Mr. The Secretary of the Navy, Mr. Smith Thomp son, is on a visit to New York. The U. S. vessels Ontario, John Adams, Constel. lation and Peacock, are about to sail on a cruise, under sealed orders. They are to rendezvous in the latitude of Cape Henry. The U. S. frigate United States, Capt. Crane, has returned from the Mediterranean, and arrived at Norfolk, on the 19th ult. after a boisterous passage, in which she lost her fore yard. The Franklin, Guerrierre, and spark, were left at Messina. The Erie left there some days previous, to convey Mr. Shaler from Gibraltar to Algiers. On the 20th ult. Mr. John White was ap pointed cashier of the Office of Discount and Deposit, at Baltimore, in place of James W. M-Cul loh, removed. We learn that the Secretary of War, MR. CADHOUN, is expected to return to this city from South Carolina, about the 1st of next month. In the brig Francis, arrived at Portsmouth, N. H. came passenger, Major S. LORICK, Consul Genera! from His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway to the United States. |