View of the State of Europe During the Middle Ages

ancient appear Aragon assert authority barons became bishops Burgundy Cange Castile century Charlemagne Charles Charles the Bald Charles VII charter church civil clergy commons conquest consent constitution cortes council court crown death Du Cange Duke Duke of Burgundy ecclesiastical Edward Edward III election emperor empire England English established estates favour feudal fiefs Frederick French Germany Ghibelin granted Guelf Guienne Henry Henry II Hist historians instance Italian Italy jurisdiction justice king's kingdom kings of France knights land Languedoc latter less liberty Lombard lords Louis ment Milan monarchy Muratori Naples nation nobility nobles papal Parl parliament perhaps persons petition Philip pope possessed prerogative princes principles privileges province reign rendered republic Roman Rome royal Saracens Saxon Schmidt seems sion sovereign spirit statute summoned Swabia tallages temporal tenants tenure tion towns usurpation vassals Venice villeins writ writers