Electric Lamp-standardising and rolling filaments (Edison v. Holland), 82, 317 pioneer invention, 62, 91, 293 standardising (Edison v. Woodhouse, No. 2), 88, 297 Electric Meter-(Chamberlain and Hookham v. Bradford), 467 Electricity, three-wire system (Hopkinson v. Kensington), 28 distributing by transformers (Gaulard & Gibbs' Pat.), 32, 38, 45, 61, 67, 329 Embossing Fabrics (Ralston v. Smith), 230 Employer and workman's inventions, 50 Equivalents, 96-99 when to be mentioned in specifications, 77 use of term in specification (Wood, V.C.), 239, 240 rule as to inclusion of, 96 per Parke, B., 200 per Vaughan Williams, L.J., 311 old and new results, 242, 243 per Cotton, L.J., 243, 307, 308, 310 per Lord Herschell, 374 per Smith, L.J., 414 in combinations, 97, 98 for part of a process, 97, 357 considered by Law Officer, 133 exclusion of, 96, 98 claims for particular machinery (Lord Cranworth), 242 per Lord Westbury, L.C., 240, 241 e.g. casting steel, 97, 200 centrifugal flyer, 98, 216, 217 incandescent mantles, 97, 391 electrolytic machine, 97, 436 condenser, 98 smokeless powder, 98, 367 Error, intentional, in specification invalidates, 77 how far allowable, 73, 76, 77 e.g. in gas-engine slide, 79, 284, 288 clerical, corrected by Comptroller, 505 Evidence in appeals before Law Officer, 156, 498 rules, 498, 572 of copies of documents in Patent Office, 504 of matters in Register of Patents. See Register of Patents in opposition cases, 120-122 rules as to declarations, 531, 532 first ground of opposition, 124 power of Comptroller to dispense with, 540 of sending documents by post, 506 Seal of Patent Office received in, 503 invention a question of fact, 34, 324 per Lord Halsbury, L.C., 393 state of knowledge to be considered (Lord Alverstone, M.R.), 444 of experts as to, 37 Lord Herschell on, 396, 397 length of research does not prove (Tindal, C.J.), 197 meeting a want, 38 per Lindley, L.J., 387 per Smith, L.J., 410 e.g. device for turning forgings, 41, 329 rolling dovetailed rims, 381 printing late news, 42, 449, 450 large sale not conclusive, 38 e.g. hat-combs, 38 apparatus for distribution of electricity, 38, 329 cycle-saddles, 410 results are (per Tindal, C.J.), 196 per Jessel, M.R., 257 overcoming difficulties is (per Lindley, L.J.), 355 by comparing art before and after (Romer, L.J.), 449 Novelty, of patentee's experiments not necessarily, 394 prior publications, 26, 339 See also Prior Publications tested in combinations by functions of parts, 31, 33, 39 per Lord Hatherley, L.C., 248 per Lord Halsbury, L.C., 449 State of knowledge, of important in construing specifications, 86 per Lord Blackburn, 219 per Lord Alverstone, M.R., 444 e.g. as to meaning of terms, 86, 219 Examination of applications. See Application, New Practice Examiner, reference to. See Application Exhibitions, protection of inventors at, 29, 499, 593 out of the United Kingdom, 29, 518 procedure to be adopted, 532 form of notice: Form O, 562 Experiments, abandoned, do not anticipate, 23 before completing the specifications, 169 during contract not anticipation (Newall v. Elliott), 203, 204 Expert advice as to anticipations, 101 to assist Law Officers, 149, 150, 489 See also Evidence Explosives-Ballistite (Nobel v. Anderson), 366 use of term "soluble nitrocellulose," 88 Bellite (Lancashire Explosives Co. v. Roburite, &c.), 394 claim intentionally limited, 91, 397 Dynamite-(British Dynamite Co. v. Krebs), 274 Maxim's (Maxim Nordenfelt v. Anderson), 417 Roburite (Lancashire Explosives Co. v. Roburite, &c.), 42, 397 Extent of patent. See Patent Eyeglasses. See Pince-nez Eyelets for boots (Thierry v. Riekmann), 46, 391 Failure of part of invention avoids patent, 181, 185 of alleged anticipations, 27, 28 does not avoid patent, 211, 212 e.g. in gas-purification, 210 circular wick in lamp, 28, 257 brick-making machine, 249 in opposition cases, 127, 152 turned to success shows invention, 36 per Jessel, M.R., 257 e.g. Duckett v. Whitehead, 371 Fair Development. See Disconformity False Representation as to article "patented," 2, 510, 594 False Suggestion to the Crown invalidates patent, 50, 81, 181 per Abbott, C.J., 186 causing ambiguity, 181 as to utility, 80, 81 Falsification of entries in Register, 505 Fast Red B.T. See Dyes Fees, prescribed by Board of Trade, 493 extension of time for, 491 application for certificate of; (Form J), 557 not reduced nor remitted, 595 Ferrules (Wilson Bros. v. Wilson & Co.), 463 Fireproof buildings (Hartley's Patent), 9 floors (Fawcett v. Homan), 383 lintels, novelty of function, 33, 387 claim for, how construed, 90, 388 Firm cannot apply for patent, 105 Fish-plates for rails (Harwood v. G. N. Ry. Co.), 45, 204 Flax, wet-spinning (Kay v. Marshall), 13, 45, 190 use of pirns in spinning (Pirrie v. York St., &c.), 43 Flyer for roving cotton (Seed v. Higgins), 36, 212 Foreign Application. See International Convention Foreign Publication on same ground as British, 222 sale of (Lang v. Gisborne), 221 See Prior Publication Foreign Specifications in Patent Office Library, 101, 598 Foreign Vessels, inventions used on, 500 Foreigner may be patentee, 48 alien enemy, 49 See International Convention Forgings, apparatus for turning (Siddell v. Vickers), 324 invention met a want, 36, 328 proof of ingenuity, 41, 329 alleged disconformity in specification, 66, 324, 328 Forms, list of, 544 where obtained, 588, 590 Fraud of earlier applicant on later, 159, 498 Function, claim read in light of, 89, 388 per Lord Chelmsford, L.C., 241, 242 per Lord Halsbury, L.C., 449 per Lord Davey, 483 per Rigby, L.J., 388 per Romer, J., 400 Different functions of parts- in fireproof floors, 33, 42, 383 in gig-mill, 41, 376 in hoists, 41, 371 in gas-lamps, 42, 336 in glass furnace, 42, 245 in flax-spinning, 43 Same functions of parts- flax-spinning machine, 41, 190 mincing machines, 44 pince-nez, 44, 398 valves for tyres, 33, 425 General Reference. See Disclaimer in cases of opposition German Specification, anticipation by (Harris v. Rothwell), 27 Gig-mill, new arrangement of (Moser v. Marsden), 41, 374 Glasses, achromatic (Dollond's Patent), 50 Glass-blowing (Cannington v. Nuttall), 93, 245 Gold-recovery by cyanide process (Cassel Gold, &c. v. Cyanide, &c.), 367 a fair development, 68 construction of specification, 93 per Smith, L.J., 369 |