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Electric Lamp-standardising and rolling filaments (Edison v. Holland), 82, 317
shaping filament (Edison v. Woodhouse, No. 1), 37, 293

pioneer invention, 62, 91, 293

standardising (Edison v. Woodhouse, No. 2), 88, 297

Electric Meter-(Chamberlain and Hookham v. Bradford), 467

Electricity, three-wire system (Hopkinson v. Kensington), 28
storage batteries (Lane Fox v. Kensington), 78, 83, 345

distributing by transformers (Gaulard & Gibbs' Pat.), 32, 38, 45, 61, 67, 329
Electrolysis (Castner-Kellner Alkali Co. v. Com. Dev. Corp.), 71, 98, 436

Embossing Fabrics (Ralston v. Smith), 230

Employer and workman's inventions, 50

Equivalents, 96-99

when to be mentioned in specifications, 77

use of term in specification (Wood, V.C.), 239, 240

rule as to inclusion of, 96

per Parke, B., 200

per Vaughan Williams, L.J., 311

old and new results, 242, 243

per Cotton, L.J., 243, 307, 308, 310

per Lord Herschell, 374

per Smith, L.J., 414

in combinations, 97, 98

for part of a process, 97, 357

considered by Law Officer, 133

exclusion of, 96, 98

claims for particular machinery (Lord Cranworth), 242

per Lord Westbury, L.C., 240, 241

e.g. casting steel, 97, 200

centrifugal flyer, 98, 216, 217

incandescent mantles, 97, 391

electrolytic machine, 97, 436

condenser, 98

smokeless powder, 98, 367

Error, intentional, in specification invalidates, 77

how far allowable, 73, 76, 77

e.g. in gas-engine slide, 79, 284, 288
term "carbon gas," 79, 299

clerical, corrected by Comptroller, 505
form of request for (Form P), 563

Evidence

in appeals before Law Officer, 156, 498

rules, 498, 572

of copies of documents in Patent Office, 504

of matters in Register of Patents. See Register of Patents

in opposition cases, 120-122

rules as to declarations, 531, 532

first ground of opposition, 124
second ground of opposition, 148

power of Comptroller to dispense with, 540

of sending documents by post, 506

Seal of Patent Office received in, 503
of Invention, 35, 37

invention a question of fact, 34, 324
per Blackburn, J., 207

per Lord Halsbury, L.C., 393

state of knowledge to be considered (Lord Alverstone, M.R.), 444

of experts as to, 37

Lord Herschell on, 396, 397

length of research does not prove (Tindal, C.J.), 197

meeting a want, 38

per Lindley, L.J., 387

per Smith, L.J., 410

e.g. device for turning forgings, 41, 329

rolling dovetailed rims, 381

printing late news, 42, 449, 450

large sale not conclusive, 38

e.g. hat-combs, 38

apparatus for distribution of electricity, 38, 329
cycle-handles, 38, 44, 433

cycle-saddles, 410

results are (per Tindal, C.J.), 196

per Jessel, M.R., 257

overcoming difficulties is (per Lindley, L.J.), 355

by comparing art before and after (Romer, L.J.), 449

Novelty, of

patentee's experiments not necessarily, 394

prior publications, 26, 339

See also Prior Publications

tested in combinations by functions of parts, 31, 33, 39

per Lord Hatherley, L.C., 248

per Lord Halsbury, L.C., 449

State of knowledge, of

important in construing specifications, 86

per Lord Blackburn, 219

per Lord Alverstone, M.R., 444

e.g. as to meaning of terms, 86, 219

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Examination of applications. See Application, New Practice

Examiner, reference to. See Application

Exhibitions, protection of inventors at, 29, 499, 593

out of the United Kingdom, 29, 518

procedure to be adopted, 532

form of notice: Form O, 562

Experiments, abandoned, do not anticipate, 23

before completing the specifications, 169

during contract not anticipation (Newall v. Elliott), 203, 204
See Anticipation, Novelty, Prior Publication

Expert advice as to anticipations, 101

to assist Law Officers, 149, 150, 489

See also Evidence

Explosives-Ballistite (Nobel v. Anderson), 366
equivalents excluded, 98

use of term "soluble nitrocellulose," 88

Bellite (Lancashire Explosives Co. v. Roburite, &c.), 394

claim intentionally limited, 91, 397

Dynamite-(British Dynamite Co. v. Krebs), 274

Maxim's (Maxim Nordenfelt v. Anderson), 417

Roburite (Lancashire Explosives Co. v. Roburite, &c.), 42, 397

Extent of patent. See Patent

Eyeglasses. See Pince-nez

Eyelets for boots (Thierry v. Riekmann), 46, 391

Failure of part of invention avoids patent, 181, 185

of alleged anticipations, 27, 28

does not avoid patent, 211, 212

e.g. in gas-purification, 210

circular wick in lamp, 28, 257
door-fastener, 28, 317

brick-making machine, 249
flushing drains, 41, 371

in opposition cases, 127, 152

turned to success shows invention, 36

per Jessel, M.R., 257

e.g. Duckett v. Whitehead, 371
and illustrations above.

Fair Development. See Disconformity

False Representation as to article "patented," 2, 510, 594

False Suggestion to the Crown invalidates patent, 50, 81, 181
per Parke, B., 185

per Abbott, C.J., 186

causing ambiguity, 181

as to utility, 80, 81

Falsification of entries in Register, 505

Fast Red B.T. See Dyes

Fees, prescribed by Board of Trade, 493
payment of, for renewal, 539

extension of time for, 491

application for certificate of; (Form J), 557
list of fees payable, 542, 589

not reduced nor remitted, 595

Ferrules (Wilson Bros. v. Wilson & Co.), 463
no invention in attaching, 44, 466
claims for, too wide, 91, 466

Fireproof buildings (Hartley's Patent), 9

floors (Fawcett v. Homan), 383

lintels, novelty of function, 33, 387

claim for, how construed, 90, 388

Firm cannot apply for patent, 105

Fish-plates for rails (Harwood v. G. N. Ry. Co.), 45, 204

Flax, wet-spinning (Kay v. Marshall), 13, 45, 190

use of pirns in spinning (Pirrie v. York St., &c.), 43
Floors. See Fireproof floors

Flyer for roving cotton (Seed v. Higgins), 36, 212

Foreign Application. See International Convention

Foreign Publication on same ground as British, 222

sale of (Lang v. Gisborne), 221

See Prior Publication

Foreign Specifications in Patent Office Library, 101, 598

Foreign Vessels, inventions used on, 500

Foreigner may be patentee, 48

alien enemy, 49

See International Convention

Forgings, apparatus for turning (Siddell v. Vickers), 324

invention met a want, 36, 328

proof of ingenuity, 41, 329

alleged disconformity in specification, 66, 324, 328

Forms, list of, 544

where obtained, 588, 590

Fraud of earlier applicant on later, 159, 498
in obtaining amendments, 163

Function, claim read in light of, 89, 388
discharged, evidence of principle, 31

per Lord Chelmsford, L.C., 241, 242
per Lord Hatherley, 248

per Lord Halsbury, L.C., 449

per Lord Davey, 483

per Rigby, L.J., 388

per Romer, J., 400

Different functions of parts-

in fireproof floors, 33, 42, 383

in gig-mill, 41, 376

in hoists, 41, 371

in gas-lamps, 42, 336

in glass furnace, 42, 245

in flax-spinning, 43

Same functions of parts-

flax-spinning machine, 41, 190

mincing machines, 44

pince-nez, 44, 398

valves for tyres, 33, 425

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General Reference. See Disclaimer in cases of opposition

German Specification, anticipation by (Harris v. Rothwell), 27

Gig-mill, new arrangement of (Moser v. Marsden), 41, 374

Glasses, achromatic (Dollond's Patent), 50

Glass-blowing (Cannington v. Nuttall), 93, 245

Gold-recovery by cyanide process (Cassel Gold, &c. v. Cyanide, &c.), 367
invention in dilution of solution, 37, 369

a fair development, 68

construction of specification, 93

per Smith, L.J., 369

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