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Sufficiency of Specifications, 72-79

must give full directions, 72, 73
reader's knowledge supposed, 73

in improvement cases (Le Blanc, J., and Lord Ellenborough, C.J.), 183
specification addressed to skilled persons, 73

to practical workman (per Parke, B.), 188

to skilled person (per Cotton and Lindley, L.JJ.), 318

amount of detail required, 73, 74

all sources of error need not be noted, 73, 76

per Cotton, L.J., 245

obvious errors do not invalidate, 73, 77

e.g. slide in gas-engine, 284 (n.), 288

in anticipating specification. See Prior Publication by documents
evidence of workman, 73

per Lord Cairns, 275
per Lindley, L.J., 299

two rules as to disclosure, 74

full disclosure necessary to validity, 74

per Lord Ellenborough, C.J., 182

public not to need experiments (per Abbott, C.J.), 186

per Cotton, L.J., 245

except for practice (per Lindley, L.J.), 319

secret user by patentee invalidates, 79

Illustrations of invalidity—

false statement as to temperature, 75, 76
equivocal specification for windlass, 75
omissions as to-

use of acid to accelerate process, 74, 75
tallow for tempering, 75

directions for heating, 244
prolongation of process, 181
materials that failed, 75
a special white lead, 75

Sufficiency of Directions, 76

what errors will not invalidate, 77
Illustrations of Insufficiency—

as to sharpening scissors, 77

air-holes in lamps, 77, 254, 257

application of preserving solution, 270

making bread and biscuits, 77

switching cells in lighting circuit, 78, 345, 349

use of enamelled vessel, 78, 407

Alleged insufficiency disproved-

use of condenser in gas apparatus, 78
term "carbon" gas, 79, 297

in daguerreotype process, 78

proportions of ingredients in dynamite, 78

wrong drawings of slide for gas-engine, 78, 283, 288
kneading filaments for glow-lamps, 79, 317

use of term "filament," 297

shades in dyeing, 79, 311

per Lord Herschell, 314

per Romer, J., 366

filling liquid-brake bowl, 79

class of substances for dye, 79, 362

per Romer, J., 364, 365

Sulphuric Acid concentration (Webb v. Kynochs), 31, 91, 425

Sun Yellow. See Dyes

Surrender of Patent, in case of rival applications, 487

Table, expanding (Jupe v. Pratt), 12

Taps of beer-barrels (Nuttall v. Hargreaves), 71, 334

Telegraph, Cook and Wheatstone's (El. Tel. Co. v. Brett), 199
return wire not essential, 90

laying cable (Newall v. Elliott), 201

ships' (Chadburn v. Mechan), 67

Telephones (United Telephone Co. v. Harrison), 281

Temperature, altering, may be invention, 37

per Lord Herschell, 190

false statement as to, invalidating, 75

Tennis-racquet, handle of (Slazenger v. Feltham), 44

Term of Patent. See Patent

Testing machine (Bentley v. Fleming), 24

cables not prior user (Newall v. Elliott), 24, 201

Theory need not be given in specification, 60
only processes, per Romer, J., 366

per Finlay, S.G. (Dellwik's Pat.), 61

false, when claimed invalidates, 61

e.g. in making a dye, 61, 401

otherwise not, 61

e.g. making aniline dye, 61, 244
use of transformers, 61, 367

Threats, remedy for groundless, 497

Three-wire System. See Electricity

Ticket-punch (Ticket Punch Register Co. v. Colley's Patents), 13

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Time-continued.

In opposition cases—

for hearing by Comptroller, 119, 489

for leaving declarations, 120, 121, 534
for appeal, 155, 571

when extended, 156, 571

payment of costs, 157, 572

Title of Specifications, origin of, 53

effect of, before 1852, 53

partly superseded by provisional specification, 54
specifications must commence with, 56, 111, 486
wording of, 106, 107

examination and amendment of, 108, 487

Webster, A.G., on, 115

Trade Secret not patentable, 79, 80

Transformers. See Electricity

True and First Inventor, defined, 49, 50
e.g. Tennant's Case, 51, 182

assistance of workmen, 50

importers of inventions are, 19, 48

no inquiry as to transactions abroad, 126

Trusses, manufacture of (Liardet v. Johnson), 75

Trusts not to be registered, 503

Tubes, drawing of (Tubes, Ltd. v. Perfecta, &c.), 453

Typewriter, transmission-sheet (Dick v. Ellams, &c), 46, 91, 430

Tyres, Bartlett's patent (Gormully, &c. v. N.B. Rubber Co.), 414
Welch's patent (Pneumatic, &c. v. Leicester), 68, 422

Welch's patent (Pneumatic, &c. v. E. London, &c.), 33, 425
Woods' valves (Pneumatic, &c. v. Casswell), 41, 381

securing cover of (Birmingham, &c. v. Reliance), 69

air-tight bands (Tubeless, &c. v. Trench), 71

dovetailed rims (Shrewsbury, &c. v. Sterckx), 33, 377

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Utility-continued.

as a test of validity, So
not comparative, 81

nor commercial, 81, 318

per Lord Halsbury, L.C., 314
e.g. Edison lamps, 81, 319
shades in dyes, 82, 311

for purpose of patentee, 83

per Lindley, L.J., 350

at date of patent (per Lindley, L.J.), 319
very little suffices, 190

want of, in alternatives, 83

in one claim, 83

Illustrations of

in vent in guns, 82

omitting directions to heat, 83, 244
dangerous system of signalling, 83
in use of storage battery, 83, 345
flanges for bobbins, 466

Validity not guaranteed by Patent Office, 4, 18
not decided by officials, 102, 118

cases of opposition, 121, 148

connection of, with grounds of opposition, 119
first ground and "true inventor," 122
second ground and want of novelty, 126
third ground and disconformity, 152

sources of rules as to, 4

when tested, 4, 18, 84

patent must be for a manufacture, 9

See Manufacture

general tests of, 19, 20

invention must be new.

must exhibit ingenuity, 6

See Prior Publication, Prior User

See Inventive Ingenuity

grant to true and first inventor only, 49

See True and First Inventor

conditions to be complied with, 3, 52

See Provisional and Complete Specifications, Disconformity,
Sufficiency of Specifications

utility necessary for, 80

See Utility

invalidity through inventor's neglect, 109, 245 (n.)

certificate as to, in actions, 497

Vans, "spring-tip" (Watlings v. Stevens) 65

Variance. See Disconformity

Velocipede. See Bicycle and Tyres

Verdigris, making of (Wood v. Zimmer), 75

War, inventions relating to, 117, 500-501

memorandum of War Office for inventors, 574

Water-closets (Duckett v. Whitehead), 41, 370

Waterproofing, altered process of (Helliwell v. Dearman), 42

Weaving, gig-mills (Moser v. Marsden), 374

looms (Harrison v. Anderston, &c.), 249

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Yarns and threads, detector mechanism (Horrocks v. Stubbs), 69

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