324. The result of the accounts allowed by the commissioners of the book-keeping is printed and made public.

325. The commissioners, both of the National Treasury and of the book-keeping, cannot be suspended or removed except by the Legislative Body.

But during the adjournment of the Legislative Body the Executive Directory can provisionally suspend and replace the commissioners of the National Treasury to the number of two at most, subject to the reference of it to one or the other Council of the Legislative Body as soon as they have resumed their sittings.

TITLE XII. FOREIGN RELATIONS.

326. War can be declared only by a decree of the Legislative Body upon the formal and urgent proposal of the Exec utive Directory.

327. The two Councils unite in the usual forms upon the decree by which war is declared.

328. In case of imminent or actually begun hostilities, of threats or preparations for war against the French Republic, the Executive Directory is required to employ, for the defence of the State, the means placed at its disposal, subject to giving information thereof without delay to the Legislative Body.

It can even indicate in this case the augmentations of force and the new legislative measures which the circumstances may require.

329. The Directory alone can maintain political relations abroad, conduct negotiations, distribute the forces of the army and the navy as it deems suitable and determine the direction of them in case of war.

330. It is authorised to make preliminary stipulations such as armistices and neutralizations; it can also arrange secret conventions.

331. The Executive Directory negotiates, signs or causes to be signed all the treaties of peace, alliance, truce, neutrality, commerce and other conventions with foreign powers which it deems necessary for the welfare of the State.

These treaties and conventions are negotiated in the name of the French Republic by the diplomatic agents appointed by the Executive Directory and subject to its instructions.

332. In case a treaty includes secret articles, the provis

ions of these articles cannot be destructive of the open articles, nor contain any alienation of the territory of the Republic.

333. Treaties are valid only after having been examined and ratified by the Legislative Body; nevertheless the secret conditions can receive their execution provisionally from the very moment when they are arranged by the Directory.

334. Neither of the legislative Councils deliberates over war or peace except in committee of the whole.

335. Foreigners, whether established in France or not, inherit from their kinsmen, whether French or foreign; they can contract for, acquire, and receive estates situated in France and dispose of them, just as French citizens, by all the means authorised by law.

TITLE XIII. REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION.

336. If experience makes known inconveniences from any articles of the Constitution, the Council of Ancients may propose the revision of them.

337. The proposal of the Council of Ancients is in this case submitted for ratification to the Council of the Five Hundred.

338. When, within a space of nine years, the proposal of the Council of Ancients, ratified by the Council of the Five Hundred, has been made at three dates removed from one another by at least three years, an assembly of revision is con voked.

339. This assembly is formed of two members per department, all elected in the same manner as the members of the Legislative Body and meeting the same conditions as those demanded for the Council of Ancients.

340. The Council of Ancients designates, for the meeting of the assembly of revision, a place at least twenty myriameters distant from that where the Legislative Body sits.

341. The assembly of revision has the right to change the place of its residence, observing the distance prescribed in the preceding article.

342. The assembly of revision does not exercise any legislative or governmental function; it confines itself to the revision of the articles alone which have been designated by the Legislative Body.

343. All the articles of the Constitution, without exception,

continue in force until the changes proposed by the assembly of revision have been accepted by the people.

344. The members of the assembly of revision deliberate in common.

345. The citizens who are members of the Legislative Body at the moment when an assembly of revision is convoked cannot be elected members of this assembly.

346. The assembly of revision despatches directly to the primary assemblies the project of reform which it has agreed upon. It is dissolved when this project has been despatched to them.

347.

The duration of the assembly of revision cannot in any case exceed three months.

348. The members of the assembly of revision cannot be questioned, accused, nor tried at any time for what they have said or written in the exercise of their functions.

During the continuance of these functions they cannot be put on trial except by a decision of their fellow members of the assembly of revision.

349. The assembly of revision does not participate in any public ceremony; its members receive the same compensation as that of the members of the Legislative Body.

350. The assembly of revision has the right to exercise or to cause to be exercised the police power in the commune where it resides.

TITLE XIV. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

351. There exists among the citizens no other superiority than that of the public functionaries and that only in relation to the exercise of their functions.

352. The law does not recognize religious vows nor any obligation contrary to the natural rights of man.

353. No one can be prevented from speaking, writing, printing, or publishing his ideas.

Writings cannot be made subject to any censorship before their publication.

No one can be held responsible for what he has written or published, except in the cases provided for by law.

354. No one can be prevented from engaging in the worship which he has chosen, while he conforms to the laws.

No one can be forced to contribute to the expenses of a religion. The Republic does not pay a stipend to any of them.

355. There is neither privilege, nor mastership, nor jurande, nor limitation upon the liberty of the press, of commerce, and the pursuit of industry and the arts of every kind.

Every prohibitive law of this sort, when circumstances render it necessary, is essentially provisional and has effect only for one year at most, unless it be formally renewed.

356. The law particularly watches over the professions which affect the public morals, the security and the health of the citizens; but admission to the practice of these professions cannot be made dependent upon any pecuniary payment.

357. The law shall provide for the reward of inventors or for the maintenance of an exclusive property in their discoveries or their productions.

358. The Constitution guarantees the inviolability of all properties or just indemnification for those of which legally established public necessity may demand the sacrifice.

359. The house of each citizen is an inviolable asylum: during the night no one has the right to enter it except in the case of fire, flood, or call from the interior of the house.

During the day the orders of the constituted authorities can be put into execution there.

No domiciliary visit can take place except in virtue of a law and for the person or object expressly designated in the document which orders the visit.

360. Corporations or associations contrary to the public order cannot be formed.

361. No assembly of citizens can style itself a popular society.

362. No private society occupying itself with political questions can correspond with another, or affiliate with it, or hold public sittings composed of the members of the society and of associates distinguished from one another, or impose conditions of admission and eligibility, or arrogate to itself rights of exclusion, or cause its members to wear any external sign of their association.

363. Citizens cannot exercise their political rights except in the primary or communal assemblies.

364. All persons are free to address petitions to the

public authorities; but they shall be individual; no association can present them collectively, except the constituted authorities, and only for matters appropriate to their province.

The petitioners must never forget the respect due to the constituted authorities.

365. Every armed mob is an attack upon the Constitution; it shall be dispersed immediately by force.

366. Every unarmed mob shall likewise be dispersed, at first by way of verbal command, and if necessary by the display of armed force.

367. Several constituted authorities can never unite in order to deliberate together; any document emanating from such a meeting cannot be executed.

368. No one can wear distinctive badges which recall functions formerly exercised or services rendered.

369. The members of the Legislative Body and all the public functionaries wear in the discharge of their functions the costume or symbol of the authority with which they are invested: the law determines the form of them.

370. No citizen can renounce in whole or in part the compensation or salary, which is assigned to him by law, on account of public functions.

371. There is uniformity of weights and measures in the Republic.

372. The French era commences September 22, 1792, the day of the foundation of the Republic.

373. The French nation declares that in any case it will not permit the return of the French who, having abandoned their fatherland since July 15, 1789, are not included in the exceptions contained in the laws against the Emigrés; and it forbids the Legislative Body to create new exceptions upon this point.

The estates of the Emigrés are irrevocably acquired for the profit of the Republic.

374. The French nation likewise proclaims, as a guarantee of the public faith, that after a legally consummated award of national lands, whatever the origin thereof, the lawful acquirer cannot be dispossessed of them; saving to third claimants, if there be need, indemnification by the National Treas

ury.