Nature and Uses of Madras Timbers: Arranged in Categories Containing Similar Woods, and Critically Compared with Corresponding European and Philippine Timbers |
Common terms and phrases
agricultural implements Anms Aranga attacked by beetles attacked by insects beams boxes Boxwood brown building Carallia carving Categories Categories N Cedar colour Compared with Oak Cork crack Diameters in feet Diospyros districts durable Ebony Elasticity modulus Eugenia Europe European Species fancyware feet given flooring foot diameter furniture and cabinetwork glossy grain straight heart heartwood household implements implements incl interior finish joinery joists KAN-TRV KAN-TVY Lancewoods Large trees light Localities and Vernaculars logs Madras Madras Timbers recorded Miscellaneous lumber moderately heavy MPLT NCCS NLGS pale paving blocks Philippine Philippine Species piles Pine planking poles polish Pores posts Prices rafters rarely attacked Red Deal reddish-brown resin sapwood sawn scat seasons sharp tools Shearing Strength sleepers slightly crossed Small material smooth soft staining Teak Tensile Strength teredo tool handles tough treenails Turkey Oaks turnery WFTS WGTS White whitish wood hard WTCT yellow yellowish
Popular passages
Page 33 - In general, high temperatures permit more rapid drying than do low ones. The higher the temperature of the lumber, the more efficient the kiln. It is believed that temperatures as high as the boiling point of water are not injurious to most woods, providing all the other fundamentally important factors are taken care of. Some species, however, may not be able to stand as high temperatures as others. "6. The degree of dryness attained, where strength is the prime requisite, should not exceed that...
Page 33 - ... 1. The timber should be heated through before drying begins. "2. The air should be very humid at the beginning of the drying process and should be made drier only gradually. "3. The temperature of the lumber must be maintained uniformly throughout the entire pile. For this an exceedingly large circulation of air is essential. "4. Control of the drying process at any given temperature must be secured by controlling the relative humidity, not by decreasing the circulation. "5. In general, high...
Page 33 - Tredgold — no mean authority — considers that boiled or steamed timber shrinks less and stands better than that which is naturally seasoned.
Page 33 - The experiments made by the Forest Service indicate that successful dry-kiln operation requires the observance of the following points, which embody the basic principles of the process: (1) The timber should be heated through before drying begins. (2) The air should be very humid at the beginning of the drying process, and be made drier only gradually. (3) The temperature of the lumber must be maintained uniformly throughout the entire pile. For this an exceedingly large circulation of air is essential....
Page 33 - Therefore it may often be useful to season timber in this manner where joiner's work la to be executed in oak of British growth, as without this precaution it requires a long time to season it so as to be fit for such purposes. The timber should not remain long in boiling water or steam; four hours will, in general, be quite sufficient: and after boiling or steaming the drying goes on very rapidly, but it is well not to hasten the drying too much. Steamed wood dries sooner than that which is boiled,...
Page 40 - These indicate: 1. Very durable, for example, anubing, ipil, mancono, molave. Such woods are probably rarely attacked by insects, except after they have been softened by decay — that is, by attacks of fungi after long exposure to exceptionally severe conditions. They resist exposure to the weather or contact with the ground for long periods. All timbers in this class are believed to be at least equal to the most durable American woods and many of them surpass in durability any commercial timber...
Page 283 - ... very careful and lengthened seasoning ; on this subject and on the other requisite characters of boxwood for commercial purposes, the following extract from a letter of Messrs. J. Gardner and Sons, of Liverpool, to the Inspector-General of Forests, dated April 3rd, 1877, will give information : — " The value of boxwood at Bombay of suitable texture for the English market, of which latter we can judge from a few sample pieces, will depend principally upon the quality. "Wood from 2 to 4 inches...
Page 33 - Though steaming or boiling impairs the strength and elasticity of timber, it gives another property, which for some purposes is still more desirable than strength; for boiled or steamed timber shrinks less and stands better than that which is naturally seasoned.
Page 285 - ... of equal value with the larger wood. It is imported here as small as 1{ inches in diameter, but the most useful sizes are from 2J to 3J inches, and would, therefore, we suppose, be from 15 to 30 or 40 years in growing, whilst larger wood would require 50 years and upwards at least, perhaps we ought to say 100 years and upwards. It is used principally for shuttles for...
Page 12 - The rapidity with which water is evaporated, that is, the rate of drying, depends ou the size and shape of the piece and on the structure of the wood. An inch board dries more than four times as fast as a 4-inch plank and more than twenty times as fast as a 10-inch timber.