valuables, letters, etc., which are found upon the field of battle, or have been left by the sick or wounded who have died in sanitary formations or other establishments, for transmission to persons in interest through the authorities of their own country.

ART. 5. Military authority may make an appeal to the charitable zeal of the inhabitants, to receive and, under its supervision, to care for the sick and wounded of the armies, granting to persons responding to such appeals special protection and certain immunities.

CHAPTER II.—SANITARY FORMATIONS AND ESTABLISHMENTS.

ART. 6. Mobile sanitary formations (i. e., those which are intended to accompany armies in the field) and the fixed establishments belonging to the sanitary service shall be protected and respected by belligerents.

ART. 7. The protection due to sanitary formations and establishments ceases if they are used to commit acts injurious to the enemy.

ART. 8. A sanitary formation or establishment shall not be deprived of the protection accorded by article 6 by the fact:

1. That the personnel of a formation or establishment is armed and uses its arms in self-defense or in defense of its sick and wounded.

2. That in the absence of armed hospital attendants, the formation is guarded by an armed detachment or by sentinels acting under competent orders.

3. That arms or cartridges taken from the wounded and not yet turned over to the proper authorities are found in the formation or establishment.

CHAPTER III.—PERSONNEL.

ART. 9. The personnel charged exclusively with the removal, transportation, and treatment of the sick and wounded, as well as with the administration of sanitary formations and establishments, and the chaplains attached to armies shall be respected and protected under all circumstances. If they fall into the hands of the enemy they shall not be considered as prisoners of war.

These provisions apply to the guards of sanitary formations and establishments in the case provided for in section 2 of article 8.

ART. 10. The personnel of volunteer aid societies, duly recognized and authorized by their own governments, who are employed in the sanitary formations and establishments of armies, are assimilated to the personnel contemplated in the preceding article, upon condition that the said personnel shall be subject to military laws and regulations.

Each state shall make known to the other, either in time of peace or at the opening or during the progress of hostilities, and in any case before actual employment, the names of the societies which it has authorized to render assistance, under its responsibility, in the official sanitary service of its armies.

ART. 11. A recognized society of a neutral state can only lend the services of its sanitary personnel and formations to a belligerent with the prior consent of its own government and the authority of such belligerent. The belligerent who has accepted such assistance is required to notify the enemy before making any use thereof.

ART. 12. Persons described in articles 9, 10, and 11 will continue in the exercise of their functions, under the direction of the enemy, after they have fallen into his power.

When their assistance is no longer indispensable they will be sent back to their army or country, within such period and by such route as may accord with military necessity. They will carry with them such effects, instruments, arms, and horses as are their private property.

ART. 13. While they remain in his power, the enemy will secure to the personnel mentioned in article 9 the same pay and allowances to which persons of the same grade in his own army are entitled.

CHAPTER IV.-MATÉRIEL.

ART. 14. If mobile sanitary formations fall into the power of the enemy, they shall retain their matériel, including the teams, whatever may be the means of transportation, and the conducting personnel. Competent military authority, however, shall have the right to employ it in caring for the sick and wounded. The restitution of the matériel shall take place in accordance with the condi

tions prescribed for the sanitary personnel, and, as far as possible, at the same time.

ART. 15. Buildings and matériel pertaining to fixed establishments shall remain subject to the laws of war, but can not be diverted from their use so long as they are necessary for the sick and wounded. Commanders of troops engaged in operations, however, may use them, in case of important military necessity, if, before such use, the sick and wounded who are in them have been provided for.

ART. 16. The matérial of aid societies admitted to the benefits of this convention, in conformity to the conditions therein established, is, regarded as private property and, as such, will be respected under all circumstances, save that it is subject to the recognized right of requisition by belligerents in conformity to the laws and usages of war.

CHAPTER V.-CONVOYS OF EVACUATION.

ART. 17. Convoys of evacuation shall be treated as mobile sanitary formations subject to the following special provisions:

1. A belligerent intercepting a convoy may, if required by military necessity, break up such convoy, charging himself with the care of the sick and wounded whom it contains.

2. In this case the obligation to return the sanitary personnel, as provided for in article 12, shall be extended to include the entire military personnel employed, under competent orders, in the transportation and protection of the convoy.

The obligation to return the sanitary matériel, as provided for in article 14, shall apply to railway trains and vessels intended for interior navigation which have been especially equipped for evacuation purposes, as well as to the ordinary vehicles, trains, and vessels which belong to the sanitary service.

Military vehicles, with their teams, other than those belonging to the sanitary service, may be captured.

The civil personnel and the various means of transportation obtained by requisition, including railway matériel and vessels utilized for convoys, are subject to the general rules of international law.

CHAPTER VI.-DISTINCTIVE EMBLEM.

ART. 18. Out of respect to Switzerland the heraldic emblem of the red cross on a white ground, formed by the reversal of the federal colors, is continued as the emblem and distinctive sign of the sanitary service of armies.

ART. 19. This emblem appears on flags and brassards, as well as upon all matériel appertaining to the sanitary service, with the permission of the competent military authority.

ART. 20. The personnel protected in virtue of the first paragraph of article 9, and articles 10 and 11, will wear attached to the left arm a brassard bearing a red cross on a white ground, which will be issued and stamped by competent military authority, and accompanied by a certificate of identity in the case of persons attached to the sanitary service of armies who do not have military uniform.

ART. 21. The distinctive flag of the convention can only be displayed over the sanitary formations and establishments which the convention provides shall be respected, and with the consent of the military authorities. It shall be accompanied by the national flag of the belligerent to whose service the formation or establishment is attached.

Sanitary formations which have fallen into the power of the enemy, however, shall fly no other flag than that of the Red Cross so long as they continue in that situation.

ART. 22. The sanitary formations of neutral countries which, under the conditions set forth in article 11, have been authorized to render their services, shall fly, with the flag of the convention, the national flag of the belligerent to which they are attached. The provisions of the second paragraph of the preceding article are applicable to them.

ART. 23. The emblem of the red cross on a white ground and the words "Red Cross or Geneva Cross" may only be used, whether in time of peace or war, to protect or designate sanitary formations and establishments, the personnel and matériel protected by the convention.

CHAPTER VII-APPLICATION AND EXECUTION OF THE CONVENTION.

ART. 24. The provisions of the present convention are obligatory only on the contracting powers in case of war between two or more of them. The said provisions shall cease to be obligatory if one of the belligerent powers should not be signatory to the convention.

ART. 25. It shall be the duty of the commanders in chief of the belligerent armies to provide for the details of execution of the foregoing articles, as well as for unforeseen cases, in accordance with the instructions of their respective governments, and conformably to the general principles of this convention.

ART. 26. The signatory governments shall take the necessary steps to acquaint their troops, and particularly the protected personnel, with the provisions of this convention and to make them known to the people at large.

CHAPTER VIII.-REPRESSION OF ABUSES AND INFRACTIONS.

ART. 27. The signatory powers whose legislation may not now be adequate engage to take or recommend to their legislatures such measures as may be necessary to prevent the use, by private persons or by societies other than those upon which this convention confers the right thereto, of the emblem or name of the Red Cross or Geneva Cross, particularly for commercial purposes by means of trade-marks or commercial labels.

The prohibition of the use of the emblem or name in question shall take effect from the time set in each act of legislation, and at the latest five years after this convention goes into effect. After such going into effect, it shall be unlawful to use a trade-mark or commercial label contrary to such prohibition. ART. 28. In the event of their military penal laws being insufficient, the signatory governments also engage to take, or to recommend to their legislatures, the necessary measures to repress, in time of war, individual acts of robbery and illtreatment of the sick and wounded of the armies, as well as to punish, as usurpations of military insignia, the wrongful use of the flag and brassard of the Red Cross by military persons or private individuals not protected by the present convention.

They will communicate to each other through the Swiss Federal Council the measures taken with a view to such repression not later than five years from the ratification of the present convention.

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

ART. 29. The present convention shall be ratified as soon as possible. The ratifications will be deposited at Berne.

A record of the deposit of each act of ratification shall be prepared, of which a duly certified copy shall be sent, through diplomatic channels, to each of the contracting powers.

ART. 30. The present convention shall become operative, as to each power, six months after the date of deposit of its ratification.

ART. 31. The present convention, when duly ratified, shall supersede the convention of August 22, 1864, in the relations between the contracting states.

The convention of 1864 remains in force in the relations between the parties who signed it but who may not also ratify the present convention.

ART. 32. The present convention may, until December 31, proximo, be signed by the powers represented at the conference which opened at Geneva on June 11, 1906, as well as by the powers not represented at the conference who have signed the convention of 1864.

Such of these powers as shall not have signed the present convention on or before December 31, 1906, will remain at liberty to accede to it after that date. They shall signify their adherence in a written notification addressed to the Swiss federal council and communicated to all the contracting powers by the said council.

Other powers may request to adhere in the same manner, but their request shall only be effective if, within the period of one year from its notification to the federal council, such council has not been advised of any opposition on the part of any of the contracting powers.

ART. 33. Each of the contracting parties shall have the right to denounce the present convention. This denunciation shall only become operative one year after a notification in writing shall have been made to the Swiss federal

council, which shall forthwith communicate such notification to all the other contracting parties.

This denunciation shall only become operative in respect to the power which has given it.

In faith whereof the plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention and affixed their seals thereto.

Done at Geneva, the sixth day of July, one thousand nine hundred and six, in a single copy, which shall remain in the archives of the Swiss Confederation and certified copies of which shall be delivered to the contracting parties through diplomatic channels.

(Here follow the signatures.)

THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN STATES AT RIO DE JANEIRO.

The Brazilian Ambassador to the Secretary of State.

EMBASSY OF BRAZIL, Washington, April 25, 1906.

MR. SECRETARY OF STATE: The Bureau of the American Republics having resolved that the Third Conference of the American Republics should meet in the city of Rio de Janeiro on July 21, 1906, the Brazilian Government instructs me to invite the Government of the United States to take part in that conference, the programme of which has been already organized by the Bureau of the American Republics under your own presidency. Sure as it feels that the United States will not fail to accept this invitation, the Brazilian Government would highly appreciate your courtesy in communicating to it the names of the delegates that would represent the United States.

I have the honor, etc.,

No. 17.]

JOAQUIM NABUCO.

The Secretary of State to the Brazilian Ambassador.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, April 28, 1906. EXCELLENCY: I have received the note which you did me the honor to address to me on the 25th of April, and by which, under the instructions of your Government, you invite the Government of the United States to take part in the Third Conference of the American Republics which is to convene at the city of Rio de Janeiro on July 21 next.

I beg that you will convey to your Government this Government's thanks for the invitation so extended and will assure it that the Government of the United States will be glad to be represented at the forthcoming conference.

It has been the President's pleasure to select for this service the following-named gentlemen: Mr. William I. Buchanan, of New York, formerly minister of the United States to the Argentine Republic and later its representative in the same capacity to the Republic of Panama; Mr. James S. Harlan, of Illinois, formerly attorney-general of Porto Rico; Dr. L. S. Rowe, of Pennsylvania, professor of political science in the University of Pennsylvania; Mr. Van Leer Polk, of

Tennessee, formerly_consul-general of the United States; and Mr. Tulio Larrinaga, of Porto Rico, Resident Commissioner of that island at Washington.

It is probable that one additional delegate will be named later.

Accept, etc.,

ELIHU ROOT.

The Acting Secretary of State to the Brazilian Ambassador.

No. 18.]

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,

Washington, May 23, 1906. EXCELLENCY: I have the honor to state, for the information of your Government, that the following-named gentlemen have been appointed by the President delegates on the part of the United States to the Third International Conference of the American States to be held in Rio de Janeiro in July: Hon. William I. Buchanan, of the State of New York, formerly minister of the United States to the Argentine Republic, also to the Republic of Panama; Dr. L. S. Rowe, of the State of Pennsylvania, professor of political science in the University of Pennsylvania; Tulio Larrinaga, esq., of Porto Rico, Resident Commissioner from Porto Rico; Van Leer Polk, esq., of the State of Tennessee, formerly consul-general of the United States at Calcutta, India; the Hon. Andrew J. Montague, of the State of Virginia, formerly the governor of that State; Dr. Paul S. Reinsch, of the State of Wisconsin, professor of political science in the University of Wisconsin; Mr. Charles Ray Dean, Chief of the Bureau of Appointments of the Department of State, will act as secretary of the delegation; Mr. H. Fletcher Neighbors, of the Department of State, will act as assistant secretary of the delegation; and Mr. Frank L. Joannini, of the War Department, will act as official translator to the delegation.

Accept, etc.,

ROBERT BACON.

The Secretary of State to the delegates of the United States to the Third International Conference of American States.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,

Washington, June 18, 1906.

GENTLEMEN: The Second International American Conference, held in Mexico, 1901-2, adopted the following resolution:

"That the Third International American Conference shall meet within five years in the place which the Secretary of State of the United States of America and the diplomatic representatives accredited by the American Republics in Washington may designate for the purpose and in accordance with what, at the meeting of the said representatives, may be resolved regarding the programme and other necessary details, for all of which they are hereby expressly authorized by the present resolution.”

Exercising the authority thus conferred, and accepting the courteous invitation of the Republic of Brazil, the designated representatives of the American Republics in Washington have determined that the Third Conference shall be held at the city of Rio de Janeiro on the 21st day of July, 1906. This determination has been separately confirmed by all of the American States with one possible exception, and you have been appointed to represent the United States in the proposed conference.