play-house," extracted from the Gull's Hornbook.-Ibid. vol. 1, p. 182.

"JE disnerois sans nappe: mais à l'Allemande, sans serviette blanche tres incommodément. Je les souille plus qu'eux et les Italiens

Is the Persian lock there mentioned the Love- ne font, et m' ayde peu de cullier et de four

lock?

MONTAIGNE says (tom. 6, p. 100, liv. 2, ch. 17,) "je ne seay conter ny à get ny'à plume." Upon this word jet, (as afterwards spelt) Richelet says, "le jet (calculus-calcul) a-la plume est plus sur que celui des jettons." And jetton, (calculus, nummulus), he explains, precede "cuivre ou d'argent doré en forme de piece de quinze sous, dont on se sert pour jetter." Our word counter seems to imply some such means of counting before writing and arithmetic were in common use.

DIVISION of labour in the different branches of tailoring and cookery. "Nous avons des Pourpointiers, des Chaussetieres, pour nous vestir, et en sommes d'autant mieux servis, que chacun ne se mesle que de son subject, et a sa science plus restreinte et plus courte, que n'a un Tailleur qui embrasse tout. Et a nous nourrir, les Grands, pour plus de commodité, ont des offices distinguez, de potagers et de rotisseurs, dequoy un Cuisinier, qui prend la charge universelle, ne peut si exquisement venir a bout."-MONTAIGNE, tom. 7, liv. 2, ch. 37, p. 71.

HARD beds were fashionable in France at this time. MONTAIGNE Says, speaking of Seneca, "il print quant et quant des preceptes d'Attalus, de ne se coucher plus sur des loudiers, qui enfondrent; et employa jusqu'à la vieillesse ceux qui ne cedent point au corps. (Laudare solebat Attalus culcitram, quæ resisteret corpori. Tali utor etiam senex; in quâ vestigium apparere non possit. Ep. 108.) Ce que l'usage de son temps luy faict compter à rudesse, le nostre nous le faict tenir a mollesse."-L. 3, c. 13, tom. 9, p. 163.

chette. Je plains qu'on n'aye suyvi un train, que j'ay veu commencer a l'exemple des Roys, qu'on nous changeast de serviette selon les services, comme d'assiette."-MONTAIGNE, 1. 3, c. 13, tom. 9, p. 167.

MONTAIGNE boasts of his teeth, which served him well as long as he lived. "J'ay apprins des l'enfance a les frotter de ma serviette et le matin, et à l'entreé et issue de la table."-L. 3, c. 13, tom. 9, p. 221.

HAMLET says―

I once did hold it, as our statists do,
A baseness to write fair, and laboured much
How to forget that learning.

In the note on the passage Fletcher is quoted (Woman Hater) to the same purport, and Montaigne, showing that this folly prevailed also in France.-BOSWELL's Sh. vol. 7, p. 489.

FASHION of hard drinking learnt from the Netherlanders.—Ibid. vol. 8, p. 56.

ROWLAND YORK, who betrayed Deventer, the person who introduced the rapier in England instead of the sword and buckler. - Ibid. p. 71.

THE usual furniture of chambers was a standing bed, under which was the truckle or running bed. This latter from its name, as well as in common sense should seem to have been drawn out when it was used, but the passages quoted, imply that the tutor or servant slept in it, under the master's bed.—Ibid. p. 167.

"PATRONS now-a-days search not the Universities for a most fit pastor, but they post up and down the country for a most gainful chapman. He that hath the biggest purse to pay largely, not he that hath the best gifts to preach learnedly, is presented."-Preface to the Trans. of Bullinger's Decads. 1584. STRYPE's Whitgift, p. 186.

1584. WHITGIFT complains to the Queen that the House of Commons have passed a Bill, giving liberty to marry at all times of the year without restraint, contrary to the old canons continually observed among us, and containing matter which tendeth to the slander of this church, as having hitherto maintained in error. -STRYPE'S Whitgift, p. 206.

1585. No presses to be allowed in private | 1575. TRAVELLING with daggers or pistols, places, nor any where but in London, except or fire arms of any kind forbidden, robbers havone in Cambridge and another in Oxford. No ing taken advantage of the fashion.-STRYPE'S more presses to be set up until the excessive Smith, p. 143. number of them already set up be abated. the other regulations.—Ibid, p. 223.

1589. STATE of Oxford.-Ibid. p. 318-9.

See

DISORDERS at rich funerals, the mob stopping the hearses.-STRYPE'S Aylmer, p. 45.

TRIAL by jury grossly abused by the great.

STOCKINGS. BOSWELL's Shakspeare, vol. 10, Ibid. p. 191.

p. 87. Ibid. vol. 11, p. 425.

1582. ELIZABETH'S ambassador writes to

LEAPING into a custard at the City feast.- her, "the French King hath commanded to be Ibid. p. 397.

made for your Majesty an exceeding marvellous princely coach, and to be provided four of the fairest moiles which are to be had, for to carry

HOURS of eating during this century in your Highness's litter. The King hath been France.-MEм. tom. 22, pp. 435-6.

WATCHES must have been common among

the great in Montluc's time, for he says (Mem. vol. 25, p. 14) "Ces M. M. les courtisans, qui ne manierent jamais autre fer que leurs horloges et monstres, parlent comme bon leur semble."—Was horloge the standing time-piece, and monstres the portable watch?

1569. "UNE chose voi-je que nous perdrons fort l'usage de nos lances, soit à faute de bon chevaux, dont il semble que la race se perde, ou pour n'y estre pas si propres que nos prodecesseurs; et voi bien que nous les laissons pour prendre les pistoles des Allemans, aussi avec ces armes peut-on mieux combattre en host, que avec les lances; car si on ne combat en haye, les lanciers s'embarrassent plus; et le combat en haye, n'est pas si asseure qu'en host." -MONTLUC. Mem. vol. 26, p. 40.

moved to shew himself in this sort grateful to your Majesty on the receiving those dogs and other singularities you were lately pleased to send unto him for his falconer."-STRYPE'S

Annals, vol. 3, p. 78, 2nd Edition.

1582. "LONDON was daily increasing by habitants greatly multiplied, so they were for new buildings. By means whereof as the inthe most part of the more ordinary and poorer sort, which among other inconveniences brought in this, that cheats and thieves and pickpockets increased much. Fleetwood the Recorder writes thus to Burleigh, Here are forty brabbles and pickeries done about this town more in any one day, than when I first came to serve, was dono in a month. The reason thereof is these multitudes of buildings, being stuffed with poor, needy, and of the worst sort of people. Truly, my singular good Lord, I have not leisure to eat my meat, I am so called upon. I am at the least, the best part of an hundred nights in a year abroad in searches.'"-Ibid. p. 148.

of Canterbury to the disparagement of justice | learned in these Netherland wars first to drown and the great grief of all the honest inhabitants themselves with immoderate drinking, and by there."-Ibid. p. 270.

drinking others' healths to impair their own. And ever since the vice of drunkenness hath so diffused itself over the whole nation, that in our days first it was fain to be restrained by severe

1586. "THE Lords of the Council ordered that no book should be printed in London, or in laws."-CAMDEN's Elizabeth, p. 263. either of the Universities, without having been first reviewed and allowed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, or the Bishop of London."-Ibid. p. 442.

MR. HEXT, writing from Somersetshire, 1596,
observes that Houses of Correction "are put
down in most parts of England, the more pity."
"The wandering people in general (he says)
are receivers of all stolen things that are por-
table. As namely, the tinker in his budget,
the pedlar in his hamper, the glassman in his
basket, and the lewd proctors which carry the
broad seal, and green seal in their bags, (?)
cover infinite numbers of felonies, in such sort
that the tenth felony cometh not to light. For
he hath his receiver at hand; in every alehouse,
in every bush.
And these last rabbles are the

very nurseries of rogues."
The lewd wandering people-"it is most
certain that if they light upon an alehouse that
hath strong drink, they will not depart until
they have drunk him dry. And it falleth out
by experience that the alehouses of this land
consume the greatest part of the barley. For
upon a survey taken of the alehouses only of
the town of Wells, leaving out the taverns and
inns, it appeareth by their own confession that
they spent this last year twelve thousand bushels
of barley malt; which would have afforded to
every market in this shire ten bushels weekly,
and would have satisfied a great part of the
poor."

The Egyptians—“ the execution of that godly law upon that wicked sect of rogues the Egyptians had clean cut them off, but they seeing the liberties of others do begin to spring up again. I avow it, they were never so dangerous as the wandering soldiers, or other street rogues of England. For they went visibly in one company, and were not above thirty or forty of them in a shire. But of this sort of wandering idle people there are three or four hundred in a shire. And though they go by two or three in a company, yet all, or the most part of a shire do meet, either at fairs or markets, or in some alehouse, once a week. And in a great hayhouse in a remote place, there did resort weekly forty, sometimes sixty, where they did waste all kind of good meat."-STRYPE's Annals, vol. 4, p. 293-5.

The letter is dated from my poor-house at Netherham, in Somersetshire.

"THE English who, of all the northern nations, had been till now the moderatest drinkers, and most commended for their sobriety,

1587. "INDEED now (says FULLER) began beautiful buildings in England, as to the gen erality thereof, whose homes were but homely before, as small and ill contrived, much timber being needlessly lavished upon them. But now many most regular pieces of architecture were erected, so that (as one saith) they began to dwell latiùs and lautiùs, but I suspect not latius, hospitality much declining." ."-Church History, b. 9, p. 188.

ONE William Boonen, a Dutchman, brought first the use of coaches hither; and the said Boonen was Queen Elizabeth's coachman; for indeed a coach was a strange monster in those days, and the sight of them put both horse and man into amazement."-TAYLOR (the W. Poet), p. 240.

DRYDEN seems to speak with some contempt of "the breeding of the old Elizabeth way, which was for maids to be seen and not to be heard."-Essay of Dramatic Poesy. That was the true education when their minds were highly cultivated, and their manners modest and retiring.

HIGGINS despises the old armour when compared with that of his days.

His complete harnass not so brave in sight
Nor sure as ours, made now-a-days by skill,
But clampt together, joints but joined ill;
Unfit, unhandsome, heavy, huge, and plain,
Unwieldy wearing, rattling like a chain.

M. for Magistrate, vol. 1, p. 139.

"BUT how many men the sight of beauty shun
In England, at this present dismal day?
All void of veils (like layes') where ladies run
And roam about at every feast and play.
They wandering walk in every street and way,
With lofty luering looks they bouncing brave
The highest place in all men's sight must have.

"With pride they prank to please the wander-
ing eye

With garish grace they smile, they jet, they
jest:

O English dames, your lightness verily
The courtezans of Rome do much deteste."
M. for Magistrates, vol. 1, p. 415.

1 Qy. Jayes.

CARDINAL BANDINI wants a nephew who was page to the Queen in France, and was just outgrowing his situation, to be retained in her service afterwards. "Je lui ai dit," (says CARD. D'OSSAT, vol. 5, p. 243,) "qu' entre la qualité de page et de gentilhomme servant, ou autre telle, on avoit acoûtumé, pour le mieux, d'interposer quelque espace de temps; et que c'étoit le meilleur pour ceux mêmes, qui sortoient de page, de n'être vûs en une même maison, aujourd'hui pages, et demain gentilshommes servans."

1563. LAWRENCE NOWELL, tutor to the young Earl of Oxford, writes to Cecil, complaining that the maps of England are inaccurate, and stating his design of constructing maps of all the counties, if he should meet with his encouragement.- - Lansdowne MSS. No. 6. 54. Catal. p. 11.

1563. NEW method of treating distempers by Carichterius, Physician to the King of the Romans, described in a letter.-Ibid. No.7. 42. p. 13.

1562. "FORASMUCH as it is doubtful, whether 1563. THE Bishop of London writes to Cecil, by the laws of this realm there be any punish-exclaiming vehemently against plays, interludes, ment for such as kill or slay any person or per- &c. as likely to renew the plague.-Ibid. No. sons attainted in or upon a præmunire"-it 7. 62. Fanatically? or from a reasonable fear was now declared not to be lawful.-GIBSON's of contagion ?

Codex, vol. 1, p. 55.

1567. PETER DE CROIX has offered to set up Flemish manner."-Ibid. No. 9. 62. p. 18.

"RENT-CORN Whoso payeth, as worldlings would "the art of dyeing and dressing clothes in the

1570. THE petition of certain Flemings to the Queen for the sole making and monopoly of galley-paving (?) tiles and vessels for apothecaries.-Ibid. No. 12. 58. p. 24.

1571. "THE information and complaint of Thomas Gylles (himself a lender of apparel) against the Yeoman of the Queen's Revels, that he lends out the dresses to low persons and others, by which means they become tarnished and otherwise injured; with twenty-one instances of this abuse."—Ibid. No. 13. 3. p. 25.

1573. THE weight of the silver and gilt spangles ripped off 137 rich coats; the weight of each from thirty-two to thirty-three ounces. Mole-spears.--Ibid. No. 16. 53. p. 32.

Ibid. p. xxx.

BIRD-BOWS.-Ibid. p. 13.

Ibid. p. 15.

1574. PROPOSALS to the Lord Treasurer for

"SAVE saw dust and brick dust, and ashes so amending and enforcing an act of Henry VII. fine,

For alley to walk in with neighbour of thine."
Ibid. p. 23.

A TENTH of the corn harvest allowed for rent. Ibid. p. 195. Mavor observes "that if an industrious farmer can make his whole produce clear four rents, he would have no cause to complain; and that if he can quintuple his rent, he has a very good bargain."

"GOOD ploughmen look weekly of custom and
right

For roast meat on Sundays, and Thursdays at
night."
Ibid. p. 273.

against butchers killing beasts in the city.— Ibid. No. 18. 60. p. 37.

1576. COMPLAINTS, causes, and remedies for the great expenses of the Queen's household, which had recently increased.-Ibid. No. 21. 62-3-4-5. p. 43.

1576. A PROPOSAL for coining small money to obviate the inconveniences arising from the passing of tradesmen's leaden tokens.-Ibid. No. 22. 4. p. 44.

Ir appears that hops were imported from

Flanders (1576), and there adulterated.-Ibid. Bill of such demands as were daily served out No. 22. 19. p. 44.