(2.) The applicant be residing in Siam at the time of his application; and (3.) The applicant has resided in Siam for not less than five years; and (4.) The applicant be a person of good character and in possession of sufficient means of support. 7. The five years' residence in Siam is not required in the following cases :— (1.) If the applicant has rendered services of an exceptional nature to the Siamese Government; or (2.) If the applicant was originally a Siamese subject who has been naturalized abroad with the sanction of the Siamese Government, and who now desires to resume his Siamese nationality; (3.) If the applicant is a child of an alien who was naturalized as a Siamese subject, and if, at the time of the naturalization of such alien, he was of full age, both according to the Siamese law and according to the law of his nationality. 8. Naturalization may be granted only on the Royal sanction being first obtained. 9. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, on receiving the Royal sanction and after the applicant has taken the oath of allegiance, shall issue a notification ("prakat") to the effect that the applicant has been naturalized as a Siamese subject. 10. The naturalized person shall on request be furnished with a certificate embodying the substance of the notification. CHAPTER III.-Effects of Naturalization. 11. From the date of publication of the notification in the Government "Gazette" the naturalized person shall acquire all the rights, and shall be subject to all obligations attendant upon the status of a Siamese subject. 12. The wife or wives of a naturalized person become as of right Siamese subjects. 13. Every child of a naturalized person, who is not of full age at the time of the naturalization, becomes as of right a Siamese subject. Provided that such child may decline Siamese nationality and resume his former nationality by making a declaration of alienage to the Minister of Foreign Affairs within one year after attaining full age. The declarant shall be entitled to an acknowledgment of the receipt of his declaration. 14. An alien who has been naturalized in Siam shall not, while within the limits of the foreign State of which he was previously a subject, be able to take advantage of his Siamese nationality, unless by law of that State or by any Treaty concluded with it he is permitted to take such advantage. In like manner, a Siamese subject who has been naturalized in a foreign State shall not, while in Siam, be able to take advantage of his status as a naturalized foreign subject unless he has been naturalized with the sanction of the Siamese Government. 15. Every Siamese subject, whether natural born or naturalized, who duly ceases to be a Siamese subject and becomes the subject of a foreign State, shall lose the special rights attached to the status of a Siamese subject. May 18, 1911. SPANISH CIRCULAR authorizing the use of External PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS. Royal Circular Order. THE interpretation to be given by Civil Governors of Provinces to Article 11 of the Constitution was fixed by a Royal Order of the Council of Ministers of the 23rd October, 1876, in terms which even then seemed to many to be less extensive than the letter of the fundamental law of the State. Of the five subjects dealt with by the Royal Order, namely, the interpretation of public demonstrations, the opening of dissenting places of worship, burials, schools, and the assembly of those holding dissenting creeds, the three last have since been the subject of orders applicable in general to cemeteries, educational establishments, and the right of assembly, whereas the first two continued governed by the above-mentioned Order, notwithstanding the profound change in feelings and ideas which has taken place in thirty-four years, and the growing and universal spirit of mutual respect and toleration of religious beliefs. There is no question that the third rule of the Royal Order, which requires those who found, build, or open places of worship, other than those destined to the established religion, previously to notify the administrative authority, remains justified; and, moreover, the first rule, which forbids all public demonstrations of dissenting creeds outside the precincts of the place of worship or cemetery, is clearly in conformity with paragraph 3 of Article 11 of the Constitution. But it is evident that in regarding as public demonstrations "anything exhibited over the highway or on the exterior walls of a place of worship or cemetery which may make known the ceremonies, rights, uses, and customs of a dissenting creed, whether it be through processions, inscriptions, banners, emblems, announcements, or "Gaceta de Madrid," June 11, 1910. + Vol. LXVII, page 118. Vol. LXVIII, page 451. placards," the Royal Order, in face of momentary circumstances and difficulties, unduly restricted the force of the Constitutional principle. The Royal Order was based on the dictionary of the language, according to which manifestar is "to make clear, to discover, to make known any hidden thing," and that therefore manifestación pública religiosa is "any proceeding which by reason of leaving the enclosed precincts of the home, place of worship, or cemetery, makes clear, discovers, or makes known that which had been secluded or hidden within." This grammatical analysis afforded ground for other deductions drawn from the Penal Code, Article 168, which provides special penalties for the instigators and leaders of certain public demonstrations, and regards as such those who promote them by speeches, printing, mottoes, banners, emblems, or any other acts whatsoever. In our day the learned Academy which in Spain watches over the purity and precision of the language defines its conception of a demonstration applied to the social system as "a public meeting generally held in the open air at which those who attend make known their wishes and feelings." Before the appearance of a dictum of this authority the Penal Code, which was in force when the Constitution was drawn up, made the terms "meeting" and "demonstration" synonymous, or made between them a difference of genus and species, and if it punished the instigators of illegal demonstrations or meetings, regarding as instigators those, who by means of speeches, publications, banners, &c., appeared to promote the proceedings of such assemblies, it was in view of the principle which regards as criminal, not only the effective authors, but also those who instigate others. But it must be understood that there is no offence in instigating others if the act to which one instigates is not criminal; and as public demonstrations, in the grammatical as well as in the legal sense, are such as take place in the open air in order to express collectively a feeling or wish of those who attend, and it is not possible to apply that term, without infringing its meaning, to other acts which, from their isolated or solitary nature, from the object they aim at, or from the place or form in which they take place, do not come within its conception, it may be asserted that the Royal Order of 1876 went too far in forbidding in the highway, or on the exterior walls of a dissenting place of worship or cemetery, all acts, expressions, or signs which might make known the ceremonies, rites, uses, and customs of creeds distinct from that of the established religion. Consequently, and in view of the reason which makes it advisable to give to the text of the Constitution the full latitude that it authorizes, His Majesty the King has deigned to command that Rule 2 of the Royal Order of the 23rd October, 1876, be abrogated, and that henceforth, for the purposes of Article 11 of the Constitution, and without prejudice to any legislation on the right of assembly, it shall be understood that inscriptions, banners, emblems, announcements, placards, and other external signs which may make known the buildings, ceremonies, rites, uses, or customs of creeds distinct from those of the established religion do not constitute "public demonstrations," and are therefore authorized. By Royal Order granted in the Council of Ministers, I communicate this to you for publication in the "Boletín Oficial' of your province, and for its exact execution. God keep you many years! Madrid, June 10, 1910. To the Civil Governor of the Province of . CANALEJAS. ACT OF CONGRESS of the United States to Regulate the Immigration of Aliens into the United States. [Public-No. 1134.] [February 20, 1907.*] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there shall be levied, collected, and paid a tax of 4 dollars for every alien entering the United States. The said tax shall be paid to the collector of customs of the port or customs district to which said alien shall come, or, if there be no collector at such port or district, then to the collector nearest thereto, by the master, agent, owner, or consignee of the vessel, transportation line, or other conveyance or vehicle bringing such alien to the United States. The money thus collected, together with all fines and rentals collected under the laws regulating the immigration of aliens into the United States, shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States, and shall constitute a permanent appropriation to be called the "immigrant fund," to be used under the direction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labour to defray the expense of regulating the immigration of aliens into the United States under said laws, including the contract labour laws, the cost of reports of decisions of the Federal Courts, and digest thereof, for the use of the Commissioner-General of Immigration, and the salaries and expenses of all officers, clerks, and employés appointed to enforce said laws. The tax imposed by this section shall be a lien upon the vessel, or other vehicle of carriage or transporta*The Act took effect on July 1, 1907. For Rules, see Annex 1, page 816. For specific exceptions, see Rule 2 (Annex 1, page 816). For method of depositing fines and rentals, sec Rule 3; for procedure in collecting fines and reporting suits for collection, see Rules 28, 29, and 30. tion bringing such aliens to the United States, and shall be a debt in favour of the United States against the owner or owners of such vessel, or other vehicle, and the payment of such tax may be enforced by any legal or equitable remedy. That the said tax shall not be levied upon aliens who shall enter the United States after an uninterrupted residence of at least one year, immediately preceding such entrance, in the Dominion of Canada, Newfoundland, the Republic of Cuba, or the Republic of Mexico, nor upon otherwise admissible residents of any possession of the United States, nor upon aliens in transit through the United States, nor upon aliens who have been lawfully admitted to the United States and who later shall go in transit from one part of the United States to another through foreign contiguous territory: Provided, that the Commissioner-General of Immigration, under the direction or with the approval of the Secretary of Commerce and Labour, by agreement with transportation lines, as provided in section 32 of this Act, may arrange in some other manner for the payment of the tax imposed by this section upon any or all aliens seeking admission from foreign contiguous territory: Provided further, that if in any fiscal year the amount of money collected under the provisions of this section shall exceed 2,500,000 dollars, the excess above that amount shall not be added to the "immigrant fund": Provided further, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to aliens arriving in Guam, Porto Rico, or Hawaii; but if any such alien, not having become a citizen of the United States, shall later arrive at any port or place of the United States on the North American Continent the provisions of this section shall apply:‡ Provided further, that whenever the President shall be satisfied that passports issued by any foreign Government to its citizens to go to any country other than the United States or to any insular possession of the United States or to the Canal Zone are being used for the purpose of enabling the holders to come to the continental territory of the United States to the detriment of labour conditions therein, the President may refuse to permit such citizens of the country issuing such passports to enter the continental territory of the United States from such other country or from such insular possessions or from the Canal Zone.$ Sec. 2. That the following classes of aliens shall be excluded from admission into the United States: All idiots, imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, epileptics, insane persons, and persons who have been insane within five years previous; persons who have had two or more attacks of insanity at any time previously; For President's Proclamation and Regulations drawn thereunder, see Rule 21. Section 2 amended by Act of March 26, 1910. See page 871. |