"Laissez faire, laissez passer." — I think your correspondent "A MAN IN A GARRET" (No. 19. p. 308.) is not warranted in stating that M. de Gournay was the author of the above axiom of political economy. Last session Lord J. Russell related an anecdote in the House of Commons which referred the phrase to an earlier date. In the Times of the 2nd of April, 1849, his Lordship is reported to have said, on the preceding day, in a debate on the Rate-in-Aid Bill, that Colbert, with the intention of fostering the manufactures of France, established regulations which limited the webs woven in looms to a particular size. He also prohibited the introduction of foreign manufactures into France. The French vine-growers, finding that under this system they could no longer exchange their wine for foreign goods, began to grumble. "It was then," said his Lordship, "that Colbert, having asked a merchant what he should do, he (the merchant), with great justice and great sagacity, said, 'Laissez faire et laissez passer'-do not interfere as to the size and mode of your manufactures, do not interfere with the entrance of foreign imports, but let them compete with your own manufactures."

Colbert died twenty-nine years before M. de Gournay was born. Lord J. Russell omitted to state whether Colbert followed the merchant's advice. C. Ross.

College Salting and Tucking of Freshmen (No. 17. p. 261., No. 19. p. 306.). A circumstantial account of the tucking of freshmen, as practised in Exeter College, Oxford, in 1636, is given in Mr. Martyn's Life of the First Lord Shaftesbury, vol. i. p. 42.

"On a particular day, the senior under-graduates, in the evening. called the freshmen to the fire, and made them hold out their chins; whilst one of the seniors, with the nail of his thumb (which was left long for that purpose), grated off all the skin from the

lip to the chin, and then obliged him to drink a beerglass of water and salt."

Lord Shaftesbury was a freshman at Exeter in 1636; and the story told by his biographer is, that he organised a resistance among his fellow freshmen to the practice, and that a row took place in the college hall, which led to the interference of the master, Dr. Prideaux, and to the abolition of the practice in Exeter College. The custom is there said to have been of great antiquity in the college.

The authority cited by Mr. Martyn for the story is a Mr. Stringer, who was a confidential friend of Lord Shaftesbury's, and made collections for a Life of him; and it probably comes from Lord Shaftesbury himself.

-

C. Byron and Tacitus. Although Byron is, by our school rules, a forbidden author, I sometimes stealth. Among the passages that have struck my contrive to indulge myself in reading his works by (boyish) fancy is the couplet in "The Bride of Abydos" (line 912),

"Mark! where his carnage and his conquests cease! He makes a solitude, and calls it — peace!" Engaged this morning in a more legitimate study, that of Tacitus, I stumbled upon this passage in the speech of Galgacus (Ag. xxx.),

"Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem adpellant." Does not this look very much like what we call "cabbaging?" If you think so, by adding it to the other plagiarisms of the same author, noted in some of your former numbers, you will confer a great honour on A SCHOOLBOY.

The Pardonere and Frere. If Mr. J. P. Collier would, at some leisure moment, forward, for your pages, a complete list of the variations from the original, in Smeeton's reprint of The Pardonere and Frere, he would confer a favour which would be duly appreciated by the possessors of that rare tract, small as their number must be; since, in my copy (once in the library of Thomas Jolley, Esq.), there is an autograph attestation by Mr. Rodd, that "there were no more than twenty copies printed." G. A. S.

Mistake in Gibbon (No. 21. p. 341.).—The pas sage in Gibbon has an error more interesting than the mere mistake of the author. That a senator should make a motion to be repeated and chanted by the rest, would be rather a strange thing; but the tumultuous acclamations chanted by the senators as parodies of those in praise of Commodus, which had been usual at the Theatres (Dio), were one thing; the vote or decree itself, which follows, is another.

There are many errors, no doubt, to be found tn Gibbon. I will mention one which may be entertaining, though I dare say Mr. Milman has

found it out. In chap. 47. (and see note 26.), Gibbon was too happy to make the most of the murder of the female philosopher Hypatia, by a Christian mob at Alexandria. But the account which he gives is more shocking than the fact. He seems not to have been familiar enough with Greek to recollect that avelov means killed. Her throat was cut with an oyster-shell, because, for a reason which he has very acutely pointed out, oyster-shells were at hand; but she was clearly not "cut in pieces," nor, "her flesh scraped off the bones," till after she was dead. Indeed, there was no scraping from the bones at all. That they used oyster-shells is a proof that the act was not premeditated. Neither did she deserve the title of modest which Gibbon gives her. Her way of rejecting suitors is disgusting enough in Suidas.

C. B. Public Libraries. In looking through the Parliamentary Report on Libraries, I missed, though they may have escaped my notice, any mention of a valuable one in Newcastle-on-Tyne, "Dr. Thomlinson's;" for which a handsome building was erected early last century, near St. Nicholas Church, and a Catalogue of its contents has been published. I saw also, some years ago, a library attached to Wimborne Minster, which appeared to contain some curious books.

The Garrison Library at Gibraltar is, I believe, one of the most valuable English libraries on the continent of Europe. W. C. T.

Edinburgh, March 30. 1850.

ing of "Southampton House," the residence of the Wriothesleys, Earls of Southampton. A plate of "Street Monuments, Signs, Badges, &c.," gives at once variety to the subjects, and a curious illustration of what was once one of the marked features of the metropolis. "Interior of a Tower belonging to the wall of London," in the premises of Mr. Burt, in the Old Bailey, presents us with a curious memorial of ancient London in its fortified state; it being the only vestige of a tower belonging to the wall in its entire height, and with its original roof existing. The last plate exhibits some Old Houses, with the open part of Fleet Ditch, near Field Lane;" and the letter-press illustration of this plate describes a state of filth and profligacy which we hope will soon only be known among us as a thing that has been.

66

We have received the following Catalogues: Messrs. Williams and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street) German Catalogue, Part I. comprising Theology, Ecclesiastical History, and Philosophy; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue, Part CX. No. 4. for 1850, of Old and New Books; John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue, Number Four for 1850 of Books Old and New; and E. Palmer and Son's (18. Paternoster Row) Catalogue of Scarce and Curious Books.

NOSCE TEIPSUM, AN EXCEPTION. (From the Chinese of Confucius, or elsewhere.) I've not said so to you, my friend—and I'm not going

You may find so many people better worth knowing. RUFUS.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.)
DEAN MILNER'S LIFE OF JOSEPH MILNER.
PECK'S CATALOGUE OF THE DISCOURSES WRITTEN BOTH FOR AND
AGAINST POPERY IN THE TIME OF JAMES II. 4o. 1735.
LETTER TO SIR JAMES M'INTOSH in Reply to some Observations
made in the House of Commons on the Duel between Sir
Alexander Boswell and James Stuart, Esq., of Dunearn.
Odd Volumes.

PARISH CHURCHES, by BRANDON. Parts 1. and 2.
HOMERI OPERA. Glasgow, 1814, Vol. IV. Large paper. uncut.
MOYEN AGE MONUMENTALE DE M. CHAPUY. Paris, 1841, &c.
(C. W. B. wishes to complete his set.)

Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent to MR BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

MISCELLANEOUS.

NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.

Mr. Thorpe is preparing for publication a Collection of the Popular Traditions or Folk Lore of Scandinavia and Belgium, as a continuation of his Northern Mythology and Superstitions, now ready for the press.

Mr. Wykeham Archer's Vestiges of Old London, of which the Second Part is now before us, maintains its character as an interesting record of localities fast disappearing. The contents of the present number are, the "House of Sir Paul Pindar, in Bishopgate Without," once the residence of that merchant prince, and now a public-house bearing his name; "Remains of the East Gate, Bermondsey Abbey ;" which is followed by a handsome staircase, one of the few vestiges still remain

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.

W. R. F. and T. P. are assured that the omissions of which they complain have arisen neither from want of courtesy nor want of attention, as they would be quite satisfied if they knew all the circumstances of their respec· tive cases.

NOTES AND QUERIES may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels. Part V. is now ready.

Erratum. By a provoking accident, some few copies of the last No. were worked off before the words" Saxoniæ,' "Saxonia" and "audactes," in p. 365. col. 2. were corrected to "Saxonice and "audacter."

TH

CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE

THAGES BY RICHY BOWMAN and JOSEPH, S. CROWTHE

Architects, Manchester. To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial folio. Issued at intervals of two months. Price per Part to Subscribers, Proof, large paper, 10s. 6d.; Tinted, small paper, 9s.: plain, 7s. 6d. Parts 1 to 7 are now published, and contain illustrations of Ewerby Church, Lincolnshire; Temple Balsall Chapel, Warwickshire; and Heckington Church, Lincolnshire.

On the 1st of July next, the price of the work, to Subscribers, whose names may be received after that date, will be raised as follows:-Proofs, tinted, large paper, per Part 12s. ; tinted, small paper, 10s 6d.; Plain, 9s.

"Ewerby is a magnificent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. It is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most recondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these Plates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as this will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or the United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The Plates are on stone, done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of Heckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east presents a very vision of beauty; we can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily recommend this series to all who are able to patronize it."-Ecclesiologist, Oct. 1849.

"This, if completed in a similar manner to the Parts now out, will be a beautiful and valuable work. The perspective of St. Andrew's, Heckington, is a charming specimen of lithography, by Hankin. We unhesitatingly recommend Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's work to our readers, as likely to be useful to them."-Builder, Sept. 29. 1849.

"The fourth and fifth parts of Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's 'Churches of the Middle Ages' are published, and fully support our very favourable impression of the work. As a text-book, this work will be found of the greatest value."-Builder, Jan. 19. 1850. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

SOCIETY OF ARTS PRIZE PATTERN.

India Paper, 41. 48.

HE MONUMENTAL

TH

BRASSES of ENGLAND; a Series of Engravings rpon Wood, from every variety of these interesting and valuable Memorials, accompanied with Descriptive Notices.

By the Rev. C. BOUTELL, M.A., Rector of Downham Market. Part XII., completing the work, price 7s. 6d. ; folio, 12s. ; India paper, 24s.

By the same Author, royal 8vo. 15s.; large paper, 21s. MONUMENTAL BRASSES and SLABS: an Historical and Descriptive Notice of the Incised Monumental Memorials of the Middle Ages. With upwards of 200 Engravings. "A handsome large octavo volume, abundantly supplied with well-engraved woodcuts and lithographic plates; a sort of Encyclo. pædia for ready reference.... The whole work has a look of painstaking completeness highly commendable."-Athenæum.

"One of the most beautifully got up and interesting volumes we have seen for a long time. It gives in the compass of one volume an account of the History of those beautiful monuments of former days.... The illustrations are extremely well chosen."-English Churchman.

A few copies only of this work remain for sale; and, as it will not be reprinted in the same form and at the same price, the remaining copies are raised in price. Early application for the Large Paper Edition is necessary.

By the same Author, to be completed in Four Parts, CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS in ENGLAND and WALES: an Historical and Descriptive Sketch of the various classes of Monumenta! Memorials which have been in use in this country from about the time of the Norman Conquest. Profusely illustrated with Wood Engravings. Part I. price 7s. 6d. ; Part II. 2s. 6d.

"A well conceived and executed work."-Ecclesiologist.

MATERIALS for making RUBBINGS of

MONUMENTAL BRASSES and other Incised Works of Art. Heel Ball, in cakes, at 8d. and 1s. each.

White Paper, in rolls, each 12 yards in length, and 57 inches wide

s. d.

60

Just Published, 2 vols. 8vo., 20s. cloth,

s. d.

4 6

36

3 6

66

Tn blank verse). The first four Pastorals, the Georgics, THE WORKS OF VIRGIL, TRANSLATED

and the first four Eneids, by the Rev. RANN KENNEDY. The last six Postorals and the last eight Eneids by CHARLES RANN KENNEDY. Dedicated to H. R. H. the Prince Albert.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.

Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. BELL, Office of" NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Bacon and his writings. The following is a summary of part of M. Cousin's observations. The Opus Tertium contains the author's last revision, in the form of an abridgment and improvement, of the Opus Majus; and was drawn up at the command of Pope Clement IV., and so called from being the third of three copies forwarded to his holiness; the third copy being not a fac-simile of the others, but containing many most important additions, particularly with regard to the reformation of the calendar. It also throws much light on Bacon's own literary history and studies, and the difficulties and persecutions he had to surmount from the jealousies and suspicions of his less-enlightened contemporaries and rivals. The Opus Tertium, according to the sketch given of its contents by Bacon himself, is not complete either in the Douay MS. or in that in the British Museum, several subjects being left out; and, among others, that of Moral Philosophy. This deficiency may arise, either from Bacon not having completed his original design, or from no complete MS. of this portion of his writings having yet been discovered. M. Cousin says, that the Opus Tertium, as well as the Opus Minus, is still inedited; and is only known by what Jebb has said of it in his preface to the Opus Majus. Jebb quotes it from a copy in the Cottonian Library, now in the British Museum; and it was not known that there was a copy in France, till M. Cousin was led to the discovery of one, by observing in the Catalogue of the public library of Douay, a small MS. in 4to. with the following title, Rog. Baconis Grammatica Græca. Accustomed to suspect the accuracy of such titles to MSS., M. Cousin caused a strict examination of the MS. to be made, when the discovery was communicated to him that only the first part of the MS. consisted of a Greek grammar, and that the remaining portion, which the compiler of the Catalogue had not taken the trouble to examine, consisted of many fragments of other works of Bacon, and a copy of the Opus Tertium. This copy of the Opus Tertium is imperfect, but fortunately the deficiencies are made up by the British Museum copy, which M. Cousin examined, and which also contains a valuable addition to Chapter I., and a number of good readings.

The Opus Majus, as published by Jebb, contains but six parts; but the work in its complete state had originally a seventh part, containing Moral Philosophy, which was reproduced, in an abridged and improved state, by the renowned author, in the Opus Tertium. This is now ascertained, says M. Cousin, with unquestionable certainty, and for the first time, from the examination of the Douay MS.; which alludes, in the most precise terms, to

* See Journal des Savants, Mars, Avril, Mai, Juin, 1848.

the treatise on that subject. Hence the importance of endeavouring to discover what has become of the MS. Treatise of Moral Philosophy men- | tioned by Jebb, on the authority of Bale and Pits, as it is very likely to have been the seventh part of the Opus Majus. Jebb published the Opus Majes from a Dublin MS., collated with other MSS.; but he gives no description of that MS., only saying that it contained many other works attributed to Bacon, and in such an order that they seemed to form but one and the same work. It becomes necessary, therefore, to ascertain what were the different works of Bacon included in the Dublin MS.; which is, in all probability, the same mentioned as being in Trinity College, in the Catalogi Codicum Manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ in unum Collecti: Folio Oxon, 1697,

According to this Catalogue, a Treatise on Moral Philosophy forms part of Roger Bacon's MSS. there enumerated; and if so, why did Jebb suppress it in his edition of the Opus Majus? Perhaps some of your correspondents in Dublin may think it worth the trouble to endeavour to clear up this difficulty, on which M. Cousin lays great stress; and recommends, at the same time, a new and complete edition of the Opus Majus to the patriotism of some Oxford or Cambridge Savant. He might well have included Dublin in his appeal for help in this undertaking; which, he says, would throw a better light on that vast, and not very intelligible nonument of one of the most independent and greatest minds of the Middle Ages. Oxford, April 9th.

CRAIK'S ROMANCE OF The peerage.

J. M.

If I knew where to address Mr. G. L. Craik, I should send him the following "Note:" if you think it deserves a place in your columns, it may probably meet his eye.

In the article on the Lady Arabella Stuart (Romance of the Peerage, vol. ii. p. 370.), a letter of Sir Ralph Winwood, dated 1610, is quoted, in which he states, that she is "not altogether free from suspicion of being collapsed." On this Mr. Craik observes, "It is difficult to conjecture what can be here meant by collapsed, unless it be fallen off to Romanism." Now it is not a little curious, and it proves Mr. Craik's capability for the task of illustrating family history from the obscure allusions in letters and documents, that there exists cotemporary authority for fixing the meaning Mr. Craik has conjectured to be the true one, to the word collapsed. A pamphlet, with the title A Letter to Mr. T. H., late Minister, now Fugitive, wa published in 1609, with a dedication to all Romish collapsed "ladies of Great Britain; " which bears internal evidence of being addressed to those who were converts from the Church of England to Romanism.