Missouri. He was in many respects a remarkable man. All who knew him acknowledged the clearness and precision of his judgment. This not only aided him to manage his own affairs successfully, but was the cause of the success of many of his friends who acted upon his advice and suggestion. In addition to those traits of character which distinguished him from the majority of men, he had a calm self-reliance which nothing disturbed, and an invincible determination which never faltered. Whether marching with General Harrison through the snows of a Michigan winter, half-starved, half-clad and practically shoeless, or traversing those trackless wastes between the confines of Missouri and the outposts of the United States Army on the head waters of the Mississippi or the western tributaries of the Arkansas, swimming deep and rapid streams when so disabled by rheumatism that his companions who were afraid to venture in had to lift him from his horse, Talton Turner was the same undaunted character, invariably accomplishing whatever he undertook. It has been said by one who knew him well that had he been in Napoleon's Russian campaign he either would have been created a field marshal or else would have been selected by Ney as one of the rear guard of the grand army. But as well and widely known as Mr. Turner was, only those who knew him most intimately could fully understand and rightly appreciate his character. While to strangers, and even to ordinary acquaintances, he seemed silent and reserved, no man was more social in his disposition, or enjoyed more the companionship of his friends. To these he was ever frank and affectionately kind. "A man of stricter moral integrity," says this writer, "we never knew; and this assertion is made after a most intimate acquaintance of twenty years' duration, and made, too, by one bound to him by no ties save those of esteem and admiration for his many estimable qualities. For more than sixteen years, during which time he had been subject to great bodily, as well as mental, suffering, no murmur of distress or complaint ever fell from his lips, and when at last he saw the approach of death, he met it with that Roman fortitude which characterized his whole life." His home in Howard County was for many years a notable one, and the hospitality extended to all guests was of the charming, old fashioned,

Southern kind. His farming operations were very extensive, and he was especially well known as a large raiser of hemp when that was one of the chief industries of Missouri. While making one of his early trips to Missouri Mr. Turner met Judge James Earickson, who was moving from Kentucky to this State with his family, consisting of wife, one daughter and two sons. The acquaintance with the daughter ripened into love, and in 1820 he married Miss Sallie Small Earickson. They were the parents of a large family of sons and daughters who married into other prominent families, and among their descendants are numerous prominent citizens now living in different parts of Missouri. Eight sons and daughters survived him. His eldest daughter, Eliza, married John D. Perry, of St. Louis; Mary married James R. Estill, of Howard County; Eleanor married Benjamin W. Lewis, of Howard County, and Rebecca married his brother, W. J. Lewis, of St. Louis; Abigail married James T. Utterback, of St. Louis; Henry married Cornelia Jackson, and John married her sister, Bettie, both daughters of Thomas Jackson, of Howard County; William married Lucy, daughter of John Sebree, of Howard County. Most of these have large families.

Turners.-Physical culture, more particularly in the form of straight gymnastics, has long been a feature of German educational life. The first to introduce it in a prominent way was Johann Guthsmuth, at a private school in Thuringia. This institution was a preparatory school for the university, and as such was patronized by the sons of wealthy men. The building has been modernized, and is preserved as a national landmark; it is known to-day as the Philanthropian.

The next great movement, known as the renaissance of gymnastics, was inaugurated by Frederick Ludwig Jahn, better known as "Father Jahn." Napoleon at that time was practically dictator of Europe. Inflamed with patriotic sentiment, Jahn exclaimed: "The only way in which we can free ourselves is by the systematic physical training of German youth." He was in this inspired, probably, by the recollection of what the ancient Greeks had accomplished by similar methods. The idea was taken up with enthusiasm, and the German people gave themselves over with true Teutonic fervor to building up the

healthy body in which to house the healthy mind. The King of Prussia lent his countenance to the work, and gave consent to Jahn and his pupils using the Hasenheide, just outside of Berlin, free. Here Jahn and his scholars regularly resorted, and here Jahn's monument stands to-day as a perpetual memorial of a movement which, ultimately, did much to thrust the invaders back once more across the Rhine. This was in the year 1810. Jahn soon found himself surrounded by an enthusiastic following. In association with Eiselen, Friesen and others, Jahn formulated his system, which he published in 1816, under the name of "Turnkunst” (the art of gymnastics). The movement spread from the schools to the army. The work was systematically pushed by Spies, so that in Germany to-day there is no educational institution of importance where physical culture is not a part of the regular course, nor a town of any size which does not possess one or more gymnastic societies.

Physical culture upon scientific lines was first introduced into the United States about the year 1825 by Charles Follen, a political refugee. Follen soon associated himself with Harvard University, where the first training school was shortly afterward founded, the first in this country. A great stimulus was given to physical culture in the United States by the unsuccessful revolution in Europe in 1848. Immediately following that event a great wave of immigration set in for this country, bringing along with it some of the best and most sturdy blood of Germany. One of the results was the formation of the Nord Amerikanischer Turnerbund, or North American Gymnastic Union. This association spread rapidly, with societies spread over thirty-four States, and with upward of 200 trained professional teachers. Of the 314 societies reporting in 1894, 206 possessed their own halls, with all the requisite gymnastic apparatus, etc. The returns officially issued April, 1898, report a total membership of 36,651 male adults, of whom 30,503 were citizens of the United States of America. One hundred and ninety-four societies own their own halls, the value of the real estate being $1,235,198, and of the improvements, $3,005,129. The value of the furniture was $246,476; of the apparati, $165,612, and of the library, containing 66,792 volumes, $55,566. Two hundred and forty-one societies were incor

porated, of which 194 owned their own halls. Seventy-eight societies had special sick and burying funds, which are optional, and twelve possessed their own organ or paper. The

total number of societies in the bund at date of last report was 294; number of accidents reported for the year, 104 light and eight

severe.

Among those who fled to this country and made their homes in St. Louis, upon the failure of the great reform movement in Germany in 1848, were many men who had attended the celebrated gymnastic school, or Turnschule, of Jahn. Some of those got together, and on May 12, 1850, formed a gymnastic society, or turnverein, to which they gave the name of "Bestrebung," or Endeavor, which was afterward changed to the St. Louis Turnverein. When the Civil War broke out there were over 500 enrolled members upon the list, but so many of these volunteered for service in the Federal Army that the work of the Turnhalle was almost brought to a standstill.

At the conclusion of the Civil War the Turnbund was reorganized and solidly established, and the St. Louis Verein entered upon a career of prosperity, soon having a membership of 416 male adults and 250 pupils.

Shortly after the war the Turnbund put forth a declaration of principles, which is still in force. This declaration or platform has for its cardinal tenets, loyalty to government, the advancement of education, limitation of hours of labor, and opposition to sumptuary legislation.

At the head of the bund stands the national convention, which meets biennially. Under it, and exercising supreme executive authority, is a board of fifteen members. Below these are the district conventions, which meet annually, which are empowered to make laws and regulations for their several districts, and to enforce the same, but subject to the general laws and regulations of the bund.

The Turners seek to make their halls attractive as well as useful. To this end they are fitted out with most of the features of a club such as library, reading room, also rooms for refreshments and for such simple forms of amusements as billiards, cards, etc. Higher forms of entertainment are given at different intervals, usually monthly. Upon such occasions concerts, dramatic entertainments and balls are the order of the day.

Special sections have charge of this work, the wives and sisters of the members zealously co-operating. In the summer picnics into the country are arranged, and at Christmas time special efforts are made for children, Christmas trees, with prizes, etc. They have a special school permanently located at Milwaukee, for the training of teachers in gymnastic work. The course covers two years, and is quite severe, including, as it does, physical culture, theory and art of teaching gymnastics, anatomy, physiology, elementary surgery, hygiene, etc. The official organ of the Turnbund is "Die Turnerzeitung," published at Milwaukee, besides which is issued a periodical in English, under the title of "Mind and Body."

The St. Louis district is the banner district of the whole bund. It has eighteen societies, of which eleven are located in St. Louis. The eleven societies of St. Louis return 3,821 full members, out of a total, for the entire country, of 36,651, or over 10 per cent. In ladies and scholars under eighteen St. Louis makes even a better showing. The parent body, the St. Louis Turnverein, from which have grown all the others, has the largest membership of any society in St. Louis, and the second largest in the country, being excelled only by the Turngemeinde, Philadelphia. It is claimed for St. Louis that it has not only more Turner halls than any other city in the United States, but that it also has the best equipped gymnasium. There are four other societies in St. Louis connected with Turnbund, viz.: Schweizer National Turnverein, Rock Spring Turnverein, Suedwest St. Louis Turnverein and Humboldt Turnverein. These four societies had, according to the official returns for 1898, an aggregate membership of 582 adult males, 100 ladies, 392 boy pupils, 267 girl pupils, and 54 ladies' auxiliary. Other societies in the St. Louis district are as follows: One in Highland, one in Quincy, one in Centralia, and one in Mount Olive, all in the State of Illinois; one in Washington, State of Missouri; one in Herman, State of Missouri, and one in Little Rock, State of Arkanas.

Turney. A small station on the Cameron & Kansas City branch of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, in Clinton County, twelve miles northeast of Plattsburg, the county seat. It was laid out in 1869, and

has two churches, a Methodist Episcopal and a Southern Methodist; several stores and miscellaneous shops, and the Turney Bank, with a capital and surplus of $12,000 and deposits of $20,000. Population in 1899 (estimated), 200.

Tuscumbia.-The judicial seat of Miller County, an incorporated village situated on the Osage River, ten miles from Aurora Springs, the nearest railroad point. It was laid out in 1837 on land donated to the county by James P. Harrison. It has a good brick courthouse, a stone jail, Christian and Presbyterian Churches, a steam flouring mill and sawmill, two newspapers, the "Osage Valley Record," published by Barr & King, and the "Autogram," edited by "Mord" McBride. The town supports about a dozen business houses, including general and grocery stores. Population, in 1899 (estimated), 500.

Tutt, Thomas E., merchant and banker, was born October 9, 1822 in Luray, Virginia, and died in St. Louis, March 28, 1897. His father, Dr. Gabriel Tutt, removed with his family to Missouri in 1835. The son obtained a practical education and fitted himself for business. With a former schoolmate he opened a general store at Camden in 1844. In 1848 he removed to St. Louis, where he established himself in the wholesale boot and shoe trade in company with Jas. S. Watson. Mr. Tutt then engaged in the wholesale grocery and commission business, from which he retired in 1858 on account of ill-health. After a season of rest and recreation he again engaged in a wholesale trade in 1859. From 1864 to 1870 he was engaged in business in the far West. He returned to St. Louis in 1870, and was thereafter most prominently identified with the banking interests of the city, and, in association with James M. Franciscus, founded the Haskell Bank, of which he became president. Later he was identified with the Lucas Bank as a director, and in 1877 became president of the Third National Bank, holding the latter position until July of 1889, when he resigned. At the time of his death he was a director of the Mississippi Valley Trust Company. In 1884 the great responsibility was imposed upon him of adjusting the affairs of the Wabash Railroad as receiver for the company. For

many years he was president of the board of trustees of the Missouri Institution for the Blind, and served as president also of the Mercantile Library Association. His religious affiliations were with the Presbyterian Church, and in politics he was a Democrat of the old school. He was married, in 1855, to the eldest daughter of Dr. James H. Bennett, of Columbus, Missouri. Mrs. Tutt died in 1864, and in 1871 he married Miss Sallie R. Rhodes, daughter of Colonel Clifton Rhodes, of Danville, Kentucky. His wife and two daughters are the surviving members of his family.

Tuttle, Arthur Lemuel, mining engineer and mine operator, was born October 30, 1870, in Salt Lake City, Utah, son of Rt. Rev. Daniel S. Tuttle, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Missouri, and Harriet M. Tuttle. Until he was sixteen years of age he lived in Salt Lake City, and his early education was obtained at that place. In 1886 he was sent to St. Paul's School, at Concord, New Hampshire, and was a student at that institution until 1888. In that year he entered Washington University at St. Louis and was graduated from that institution with the degree of mining engineer in the class of 1893. During the college year 1893-4 he was instructor in the mining department at Washington University, and then went to Old Mexico. Thereafter until 1898 he was engaged in professional work in the Mexican mines, and during the year 1899 was engaged in the same capacity in the placer mines at Virginia City, Montana. Returning to Missouri in 1899, he became identified with the lead mining interests of the southeastern portion of the State, and has since continued to be thus engaged. At the present time (1900) he holds the position of manager of the Columbia Lead Company at Flat River, Missouri, and is also superintendent of the affairs of the Catherine Lead Company at Fredericktown, Missouri. Thorough education to begin with, and broad and varied experiences in later years, have combined to make him eminently successful, both as a mining engineer and a practical mine operator. Mr. Tuttle was married, October 8, 1896, to Miss Mary E. Hackley, of Danville, Kentucky.

Tuttle, Daniel Sylvester, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Missouri, was born

January 26, 1837, at Windham, Green County, New York. He comes of good American stock, and his paternal grandfather was a Connecticut soldier of the Revolution. His father was a devout Methodist, and his years of boyhood were blest with the family prayers and godly example of a Christian home. Young Tuttle grew up in the country, and from country air and exercise laid the foundation of the physical robustness which stood him in good stead in after years of laborious duty. The Methodist Church was two miles in one direction from his home, and was in the village where was the post office. The Episcopal Church was one mile distant, in an opposite direction, and situated in the open country among the farmers.

A kindly, well-educated old bachelor was the rector of this church (Trinity Church, Windham). His name was Thomas S. Judd. One day, when young Tuttle was about ten years old, the rector happened in at the country school when the boys were "speaking their pieces." He heard young Tuttle, and, struck with the evidence of manly intellectual gifts displayed by the youthful orator, he went the next day to the father and asked him if the boy might study Latin with him. The father gratefully consented, and so the boy was launched into the perplexities of Latin declensions and conjugations. He also became a regular attendant at the Episcopal Sunday school. His Latin studies, followed by Greek, were an annex to his district school work. Mr. Judd continued the faithful tutor for three years or more. Then, in the autumn of 1850, he arranged for his pupil to enter Delaware Academy, Delhi, New York. Mr. Judd was acquainted in Delhi, having been a teacher there. He arranged for his young pupil to pay his expenses by living with a widow, whose two cows he should care for, and whose garden he should cultivate. In Delhi young Tuttle stayed three years. In the last of these years, while still studying in his own higher classes, he became an assistant teacher in the institution, helping thus to pay his own way. In the spring of 1853 he was baptized by the rector at Delhi, and in the summer was confirmed in the Windham Church by Bishop Wainwright. In the fall of the same year, through Mr. Judd's guidance, he became assistant teacher in a school for boys in Scarsdale, Westchester County, New York, under Rev. W. W. Olssen. With

a little sum of money that he had been enabled to lay by, he entered the sophomore class of Columbia College, in New York City, in 1854. He graduated the second in rank in his class in 1857, having been helped in his college course by a scholarship from the "Society for the Promotion of Religion and Learning," and by a loan from his elder brother.

For two years he was private tutor in various families in New York City, and for part of the time an assistant teacher in the Columbia College Grammar School. From his income he paid off all his debts. Then, in 1859, he entered the General Theological Seminary, New York City, where he continued three years, graduating in 1862. Among his classmates were those who became afterward Bishop Robertson, of Missouri; Bishop Jaggar, of Ohio, and Bishop Walker, of Western New York. Another classmate was William T. Sabine, since gone to the Reformed Episcopal Church, who, in answer to Joseph Jefferson, the actor, characterized the Church of the Transfiguration by the famous words, "the little church around the corner."

During his seminary course he did not altogether give up his labors as a private tutor. And among his pupils this time were the sons of Bishop Horatio Potter and Bishop Whitehouse.

Ordained deacon by Bishop Horatio Potter, of New York, June 29, 1862, the Rev. Tuttle went, in July, to Zion Church, Morris, Otsego County, New York, and became assistant to the rector, Rev. Geo. L. Foote, who was prostrated by paralysis. In November, 1863, Mr. Foote died, and Mr. Tuttle was elected rector. Subsequently, September 12, 1865, the young rector married Harriet M., the eldest daughter of his predecessor. In Zion Church he was advanced to the priesthood by Bishop Potter, July 19, 1863.

Rev. Mr. Judd came to the neighboring parish of Butternuts, and so the faithful teacher and pupil were associated together again. January 30, 1864, Mr. Judd died, and in the week's illness before his death Mr. Tuttle was constantly with him. He alone. was with him at midnight in his hour of death, and had the sad pleasure of closing his eyes to their peaceful rest. To his godly parents in the flesh, and to his kind and much loved foster father, Rev. Mr. Judd, the bishop

in after years has often been heard to say he owes, under God, all which he is.

The Morris parish was singularly adapted to bring out and develop the powers and energies of the young rector. It was a large parish of near ten miles square, and the parishioners were much scattered. Under Rev. Mr. Foote's unspeakably valuable suggestions and guidance the young assistant learned how to do pastoral visiting among them. On Sundays they only asked for morning services. morning services. After an intermission at noon the Sunday school met in the afternoon. Mr. Tuttle consequently had only one sermon a week to prepare. This concentration of

his weekly studies on one sermon was a great benefit. On Saturday he retired to a grove near the rectory, and preached his sermon out loud to the birds and squirrels. So was he prepared to preach, and not simply to read, his sermon each Sunday morning. Many towns and hamlets around Morris had few or no Episcopal services in them. It was not long before, by parceling out his Sunday nights, Mr. Tuttle was giving some attention to seven of them.

This reaching out of missionary work on Mr. Tuttle's part, combined with what the bishop knew of his scholarly abilities as the tutor of his own boys, without doubt contributed to direct Bishop Horatio Potter's attention to the young Morris rector as a suitable man to make a missionary bishop of. Therefore, when, in a meeting of the House of Bishops, on October 5, 1866, the house seemed at sea on fastening upon one to be chosen for bishop of Montana, to have jurisdiction also in Idaho and Utah, the bishop of New York finally put Mr. Tuttle in nomination, and, though he was unknown personally to all in the house except Bishops Potter and Whitehouse, he was elected. On the evening of the same day Bishops Potter and Lay, the appointed committee, waited on Mr. Tuttle to acquaint him with his election. He was stopping in New York City, at the house of Dr. Sabine, the father of his seminary classmate. After the two bishops had explained their errand Mr. Tuttle informed them that he was only twenty-nine years of age, while the church law says a man must be thirty years old before he can be made a bishop.

Then the two bishops, after a consultation together, speaking through Bishop Potter,