Wash, Robert, one of the most eminent of Missouri jurists, was born in Virginia, November 29, 1790, and died in St. Louis, November 30, 1856. He graduated from college when he was eighteen years of age, qualified himself for the practice of law by extensive legal study, and came to St. Louis shortly after the War of 1812. During President Monroe's administration he was United States district attorney at St. Louis, and shortly after the State government of Missouri was organized he was made a judge of the Supreme Court. He distinguished himself by his services on the supreme bench, from which he resigned in 1837. Judicious real estate investments in St. Louis made him a large fortune, and Wash Street was named in his honor. He was twice married, his first wife having been a daughter of Major William Christy. His second wife was a daughter of Colonel Taylor.

Waterhouse, Sylvester, was born in Barrington, New Hampshire, September 15, 1830. He sprang from an English ancestry, which has been traced as far back as the reign of Henry III, in 1250. The American branch of this ancient family came over in the early Colonial times, when sturdy English pioneers were laying the foundations of a great nation and of a new civilization. The descendants of the Waterhouse stock have always maintained the sterling virtues of their forefathers. Of this old and widespread family, Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, the Harvard professor who introduced vaccination into this country, was a distinguished member. Sylvester Waterhouse, son of Samuel H. Waterhouse and Dolla Kingman, was the last born of nine children. In his early years his manual skill and ingenuity showed mechanical and inventive talent. This was not unnoticed by his parents, who, observing his natural aptitude, proposed to fit him for the congenial profession of an architect or civil engineer. This plan, however, was frustrated by an accident which caused the loss of his right leg. This occurred in 1840, and practically changed the trend and purpose of his career. The hand that shapes the destinies of man marked out a different field of usefulness. He was bodily disqualified for any calling involving physical activity, and his path lay now in the direction of scholarship and a mental equipment that would fit him for liter

ary duties. He was prepared for college at Exeter Academy. Here he graduated with honor in 1850. While at this institution he was elected president of "The Golden Branch," and at the close of his academic course was chosen the "orator" of this debating society at its annual public exhibition. On March 7, 1851, he entered Dartmouth College, where he remained until the close of the college year. In the fall of the same year he was admitted to Harvard University without conditions. Here he took a prize for Greek prose composition and graduated with distinction in 1853. Two years later he finished his professional studies at the Harvard Law School, and shortly after was appointed "professor of the Latin language and literature" in Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. In 1857 Professor Waterhouse accepted a position in Washington University, St. Louis, and has held the professorship of Greek ever since. This covers a period of more than forty-four years, and represents a vast amount of patient toil, steady loyalty to duty, and an honorable eminence in public service. No other professor has been so long a member of the faculty of Washington University. With the exception of a few months, he has been connected with this institution throughout its whole life. As an educator he has won eminent success by a vigorous and conscientious devotion to the work of instruction. Nor have his mind and energy been horizoned merely by his professional duties. The citizen has not been merged in the scholar, nor the patriot in the teacher. His power as a writer and his logic as a thinker have made his public spirit conspicuous and forceful. All kinds of problems, social, industrial and commercial, have been handled with an ability, strength, and breadth of treatment that have won a national recognition of his services. During the Civil War his stirring appeals to the patriotism of his countrymen effectively promoted the objects of the Western Sanitary Commission, while his active loyalty and powerful arguments in behalf of the Union were so distinctly serviceable to the cause of national success as to attract the notice and win the approbation of President Lincoln. In the range of subjects which Professor Waterhouse has treated are included the extension of Western railroads, the improvement of the Mississippi River, the establish

ment of local iron works, the naturalization. of jute and ramie, the development of the resources of Missouri, the advantages of skilled labor, the diversification of American industries, the national need of a navy, and the importance of the Nicaragua Canal. But few of these articles are of a fugitive or incidental character. Many of them are permanent contributions to our industrial literature and have been reproduced in this and other countries. A full list of the writings of Professor Waterhouse would exceed the allotted limits of this sketch. The number of his articles reach into the hundreds. The following is a representative list of the various topics which his versatile pen has discussed: "An Essay on the English Language," 1852; "The Philosophy of Dreams," 1853; "The Protectorate of the Holy Places," 1853; "The Character of Washington," 1861; "The Death of President C. C. Felton, of Harvard University," 1862; "Johnson and Macaulay," 1863; "A Eulogy on Chancellor J. G. Hoyt," pamphlet, 1863; "The Dangers of a Disruption of the Union, and the Necessity of a Free Mississippi,"* 1863; "In Union There Is Strength," 1863; "The Suppression of the Rebellion," 1863; "A Course of Lectures on Grecian Literature and Art," 1863; "Reflections on the Southern Rebellion," 1864; "The Heroines of the Union," 1864; "The Women of the Border States," 1864; "American and Grecian Fairs," 1864; "Historic Illustrations of the Effect of Disunion," 1864; "False Theories of Society," 1864; "British Arrogance," 1865; address before the Mississippi River Improvement Convention, held in St. Louis in 1867, and in report of proceedings; "The Resources of Missouri," a series of articles written at the request of the State Board of Immigration and published first in the "New York Tribune" and then in pamphlet form in 1867; "The Financial Value of Ideas," 1867; "The St. Louis and Illinois Bridge," 1868; "St. Louis, the Future Capital of the United States," in "Resources of Missouri," 1867, and "De Bow's Review," 1868; "The Natural Adaptation of St. Louis to Iron Manufactures," pamphlet, 1869; "Remarks at the Washington University Banquet on the Death of Thomas F. Collier," 1869: "The Rochester and Nashua Railroad," 1869;"

* A collection of all Professor Waterhouse's articles in defense of the Union would make a large volume. Only a few of them have been preserved. Several of the appeals which the Western Sanitary Commission addressed to the loyalty of the American people were written by him.

"Union Stock Yards," 1869; "Speech at the New England Banquet," 1869; "The Iron Question," 1870; "Remarks at the Washington University Banquet," 1870; "Reply to the Statements of Honorable William D. Kelly," 1870; "Speech at the New England Banquet," 1870; letter to Governor B. G. Brown on "Skilled Labor," 1870; “A Lecture on the Advantages of Educated Labor," pamphlet, 1872; letter to Honorable George S. Boutwell, Secretary of Treasury, on "The Location of the New Post Office in St. Louis," 1872; "Speech in Acknowledgment of the Gift of a Gold Watch and Chain by the St. Louis Board of Trade," 1872; three lectures on "Travels in Japan," 1874; address before the National Railroad Convention, held in St. Louis in 1875, report of proceedings; "The Culture of Jute," United States Agricultural Report, 1876, and pamphlet editions, 1876 and 1883; an article on "The Death of John P. Collier," pamphlet, 1877; "American and Foreign Universities," 1877; "Memorial to Congress for the Improvement of the Mississippi River," prepared at the request of the executive committee of the convention which was held at St. Paul in 1877, pamphlet, 1877; "Commercial Suggestions," pamphlet, 1879; letter on "Abutilon Avicennae (Bute)," Report United States Commissioner of Agriculture, 1879; letter to Governor Thomas C. Fletcher on "Immigration," 1880; "Sketch of St. Louis," written for the United States Census of 1880, but published in 1887, in Volume XIX of the "Social Statistics of Cities;" letter to President Grant on "The International Exhibition," which was to be held in New York in 1883, 1881; letter to Governor T. T. Crittenden on the same subject, 1881; an address at the banquet on the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of Washington University, report of proceedings, 1882; letter to Mr. Koelkenbec on the "Culture of Flax in the United States," New Jersey Bureau of Statistics, 1882; letters to James Bishop on "Jute," and also on "Flax," New Jersey Bureau of Statistics, 1882; an article on "The Culture of Jute," 1883; "A Tribute to Harvard University," 1883; "A Sketch of Jeremiah Kingman, of Barrington, New Hampshire," in "Cunningham's History of Phillips Exeter Academy," 1883; "Remarks on the One Hundredth Anniversary of Phillips Exeter Academy," circular issued by

of

trustees, 1883; address to the National Planters' Convention, held at Vicksburg, Mississippi, report of proceedings, 1883; chapters on the "Early History of St. Louis,' in Scharf's "History of St. Louis," 1883; "A Sketch of Honorable Wayman Crow," in Scharf's "History of St. Louis," 1883; "The Parks of New York City," Report of the Commissioner, 1884; "Compulsory Education," 1884; "The Industrial Revival of Mexico," 1884, translated into Spanish; "Address to the National Industrial Convention, held at Chicago in 1884," report of proceedings; "Address to the International Association of Fairs and Expositions," 1884; "The Boyhood of Eminent Men," 1884; "Address to the First National Convention of American Cattlemen, held in St. Louis in 1884, report of proceedings; "The Cause of Commercial Depressions," 1885; address before the Fifth Annual Convention of the National Agricultural Association, held at New Orleans in 1885, report of proceedings; "An Obituary Sketch of Honorable Wayman Crow," 1885; "The American Fair in London," 1885; "The Relations of Capital and Labor," 1886, published in the "Labor Problem" of William E. Barns, and also translated into French; letter to Mr. Godin, Guise, France, 1886, translated into French; address to the St. Louis Harvard Club in commemoration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of Harvard University, 1886; "Jute and Ramie," 1887; "American Fiber Industries," 1887; "A Protest to Congress against the Proposed Removal of the Duties on Imported Jute and Ramie," 1888; "An Appeal to the People of His Native State in Behalf of St. Louis as the Site of the World's Fair," pamphlet, 1889; "The Westward Movement of Capital," pamphlet, 1890; "American Commerce in 1900," pamphlet, 1891; "Speech in Commemoration of Henry Shaw," Report of Missouri Botanical Garden, 1891; "Trip to Puget Sound," 1891; "The Mississippi and Its Affluents," pamphlet, 1892; an obituary on Judge John H. Lightner, 1892; "The Influence of Our Northern Forests on the Navigation of the Mississippi," pamphlet, 1892; "Sketches of Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Ridgley," pamphlet, 1892; an address on "The Benefits of the Nicaragua Canal," delivered before the Nicaragua Canal Convention held at St. Louis in 1892, report of proceedings and separate pamphlet; a series of

twenty-four articles on the "Early History and Social Customs of St. Louis," 1892; letter to the State Commissioner of the Columbian Exposition on "The Commercial Value of New Hampshire Scenery," 1892; an address on "The Government Control of the Nicaragua Canal," delivered before the Nicaragua Canal Convention held at New Orleans in 1892, report of proceedings and separate pamphlet, translated into German; "New St. Louis," pamphlet, 1893, translated into German; letter to Mr. E. C. Simmons on "The Location of a Public Museum in Forest Park," 1893; articles on the "Removal and Larger Endowment of Washington University," 1894; "The Importance of Ramie to the Agricultural Prosperity of Our Gulf States," pamphlet, 1894, translated into German and Spanish; "Incidents of an Interview with Captain Lyon, and the Entrance of Lieutenant Schofield into Active Service at the Beginning of Our Civil War," 1894; an address before the Nicaragua Canal Convention held at St. Louis in 1894, report of proceedings and separate pamphlet, translated into German; an address on "Ramie" before the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress, held at Omaha, Nebraska, in 1895, report of proceedings and separate pamphlet, translated into German; an address on "The Nicaragua Canal," delivered before the National Association of American Manufacturers, held at Chicago in 1896, report of proceedings and separate pamphlet, translated into German; "Pliny's Knowledge of Ramie,' 1896, translated into German; "Report on the Operation of a New Defibrator for. Mexican Plants," 1896, translated into Spanish; three addresses on "The Nicaragua Canal,” "Ramie" and "Forestry," delivered before the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress, held at Salt Lake City in 1897, report of proceedings and separate pamphlet; an address on "The Importance of Our Highways," delivered before the State Convention for Public Improvements, held at St. Louis in 1897, report of proceedings; an address to the people of Missouri on "The Benefits of the Omaha Exposition," 1898; an address on "Good Roads," before the State Convention, held at St. Louis in 1898, report of proceedings; "The Study of Greek," 1898; “A New Method of Printing," 1898; "Industrial Education at the Omaha Exposition," 1898; "A World's Fair and a Museum, the Most Use

ful Means of Commemorating the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Purchase of Louisiana," 1898; three addresses on "Ancient and Modern Canals," "Ramie" and "The Commerce of the Far East," delivered before the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress, held at Wichita, Kansas, 1899, report of proceedings-the first of these addresses was translated into German; “Usona (the initials of 'United States of North America'), a More Exact Postal Designation of Our Country than U. S.," 1899; an address on "Trade with the Orient," delivered before the Trans-Mississippi Congress, held at Houston, Texas, in 1900, report of proceedings, translated into German; "The Importance to St. Louis of a Deep Water Channel to the Gulf," 1900; "The Commercial Importance of a World's Fair to Missouri," 1900, translated into German; "The Benefits which a Universal Exposition would Confer Upon St. Louis," 1900, translated into German.

The circulation of these articles, without exception large, has in special instances amounted to several hundred thousand copies. In some cases industrial organizations in Europe have tendered the author a public vote of thanks for the practical value of his papers. From this array of subjects it will be seen that his writings cover a wide field of thought and endeavor, and reveal a versatility that is as rare as it is effective. The following extract from Dr. Morgan's sketch expresses a scholar's estimate of the value and merits of his literary work: "Professor Sylvester Waterhouse is confessedly one of our most arduous and successful brainworkers, and the services rendered by him to the city of his adoption are inadequately represented by a list of his writings, or by an enumeration of the positions of honor and trust which he has been invited to fill. It may, in all sincerity, be said that his many acquaintances consider him equal to any responsibilities which he might choose to assume, and show by experience that when Professor Waterhouse has felt at liberty to serve on various commissions he has certainly proved his ability to bring to such tasks rare qualifications. Apart from an unusually clear and analytical mind and a command of language which enables him to express concisely and lucidly any conclusions at which he may have arrived, Professor Waterhouse has an uncommon share of that

intellectual integrity which constitutes the chief grace of exceptional men." As their titles show, the writings of Professor Waterhouse are largely of a material and practical character. There is little room for sentiment in the treatment of questions that deal chiefly with statistics. Accuracy of statement, thoroughness of knowledge, and calm, unprejudiced judgment, with a perspective that goes below the tip of the horizon, are the literary and intellectual traits which characterize the writings of the professor. The two subjects which have specially engaged his attention are the "Nicaragua Canal," and "Ramie Culture in the United States." Besides contributing to the press numerous articles on the necessity and benefits of a trans-isthmian waterway, he has, by appointment, delivered five addresses on this theme before public conventions. conventions. While traveling in China, in 1872, he observed the excellence and usefulness of Ramie. An investigation of the conditions of growth led him to believe that this valuable textile could be raised in our Gulf States. For more than a quarter of a century he has strenuously urged the domestic cultivation of this plant. There is no man in the United States who has advocated the new industry so long and persistently as Professor Waterhouse. Apparently the culture of the new staple will yet become a successful American industry. The gratification of having been largely instrumental in the introduction of a new and fruitful source of textile wealth is the only reward which Professor Waterhouse will accept for his arduous and disinterested labors.

It is not always that public appreciation is extended to men of sterling value, but in this instance unsought honors have rewarded merit.

During the administration of Governor Fletcher, Professor Waterhouse was intimately connected with the State Board of Immigration, and by official request prepared many papers for its use. In 1867 he was appointed by Governor Fletcher a delegate to the Mississippi River Improvement Convention, held in St. Louis, and in the same year he was offered the position of assistant superintendent of public schools of Missouri, but he declined the honor. In 1871 he was appointed a member of the State Bureau of Geology and Mines, and in the following year was elected secretary of the St. Louis Board of Trade. In 1872-3 he made a tour around

the world, spending about eighteen months in the pilgrimage. In the course of his travIn the course of his travels, covering some 40,000 miles, he enriched his mind by a careful study of foreign countries. On his return, recruited in health and reinforced in knowledge, he was the better able to respond to such new responsibilities as were put upon him. In 1875 he served as a member of the National Railroad Convention, held in St. Louis, and of the Mississippi River Improvement Convention, held at St. Paul in 1877. He was selected by the executive committee of the latter body to prepare a memorial to Congress, the influence of which did much to enlarge the scanty appropriations for the necessary river improvements. In 1878 Professor Waterhouse was appointed United States Commissioner both. to the Paris Exposition and to the World's Fair, which it was proposed to hold in New York in 1883. He was appointed delegate in 1883 to the National Cotton Planters' Convention at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and in 1884 he was an honorary commissioner to the World's Fair in New Orleans. In 1884 he was appointed by Governor Crittenden a delegate to the National Conference of Charities and Correction, which convened in St. Louis. In 1886 he was appointed by the Executive Council of New York secretary of the National American Tariff League for the State of Missouri. In 1887 he was appointed commissioner from Missouri to the American Exposition, which was held in London. In 1892 he was chosen by the St. Louis Merchants' Exchange a delegate to the Nicaragua Canal Convention, held in that city, and also to the Nicaragua Canal Convention, which was held at New Orleans in November of the same year. He was appointed by the president of the Merchants' Exchange a delegate both to the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress, held at Omaha, November 25, 1895, and to the National Association of American Manufacturers, held at Chicago, January 21, 1896. 1897 he was appointed by both the mayor of the city and the president of the Merchants' Exchange to represent the municipal and mercantile interests of St. Louis at the TransMississippi Commercial Congress, held at Salt Lake City, July 14-17, 1897. In 1898 he was honored by appointment by the Governor of Missouri as a commissioner to the Trans-Mississippi Exposition, held at

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Omaha, Nebraska. In 1898 he was appointed by the mayor of St. Louis a delegate to the Good Roads Convention, held in St. Louis, November 21-23, 1898. In 1899 he was appointed by both the mayor of St. Louis and the president of the Merchants' Exchange a delegate to the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress, that was held at Wichita, Kansas, May 31, 1899. He was appointed by the mayor of St. Louis and the president of the Merchants' Exchange a delegate to the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress, held in Houston, Texas, April 17-20, 1900.

Before each of the conventions, of which he was a member, he delivered an address, and several of these speeches, in addition to their publication in the report of the proceedings, were printed separately in a pamphlet form, and also translated into German. It is evident from this wide range of public services that versatility is one of the attributes of Professor Waterhouse. It is not often that it falls to the lot of a man engaged in scholarly and educational pursuits to so engage public attention in industrial matters as to secure such honors. He is certainly not of the cloistered type, to whom the seclusion of the study is a happy escape from the turmoil of the outside world. Nor has Professor Waterhouse in his public-spiritedness been. remiss in his duties as an educator. This has been recognized by honors that were justly deserved. In 1883 he received the degree of LL. D. from the State University of Missouri, and in 1884 the degree of Ph. D. from Dartmouth College. As an educator Professor Waterhouse is an ideal type and a master of his profession. Outside of public honors he is held in cherished remembrance by many who have had the advantage of his tutelage, and who have imbibed his spirit of directness and energy, not only in their studies, but in their subsequent public duties. The endowments which have been bestowed upon Washington University show the high place it holds in the public esteem. One of these gifts is specially worthy of note as having a direct bearing on the work done by Professor Waterhouse in building up the interests of Washington University. In 1868 John P., William B., Maurice D. and Thomas F. Collier donated $25,000 to the university, the income to be applied, subject to the discretion of the directors, to the university professorship of Greek, "in grateful recognition by his