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County, Missouri, he worked on the home the binders. He described his contrivance

farm with his other brothers and pursued various studies, the best he could in a frontier country where schools were few. His father being a physician and his brother also one, his inclination was toward the study of medicine, which occupied much of his spare time. In 1853, when his father was sent as a missionary to the Wakarusa Mission in Kansas, he accompanied him. He followed farming and the practice of medicine, assisting his father in doctoring the Indians and the white settlers as well. In 1856 he was elected a member of the Kansas Legislature from Doug las County, and in that body fought hard to maintain the rights of the Union, and was a pronounced abolitionist. In 1856 an effort was made to establish a university at the place which later became known as Baldwin, Kansas. Andrew T. Still and his brother donated 480 acres of land as a site for the institution, of which the former was made agent. He engaged in the lumber business, and at his sawmill was cut much of the lumber used in the buildings of the university. Sawing lumber, practicing medicine, attending sessions of the Legislature, and incidentally looking after the interests of Baldwin University, occupied his time until 1860. At the beginning of the Civil War, and in September, 1861, he enlisted in the Ninth Kansas Cavalry, Company F, under command of Captain T. J. Mewhinne. In April, 1862, the company with others comprising the third battalion of the Ninth Kansas was disbanded. Dr. Still returned to his home and organized a company of militia, and on May 15, 1862, was commissioned captain of Company D, Eighteenth Kansas Militia. A few months later he was advanced to major, and soon afterward was transferred to the Twenty-first Kansas Militia, and served until October 27, 1864, when the regiment was disbanded. With his troops The participated in a number of scouting expeditions and skirmishes, and defeated the forces of General Price, under Shelby and Quantrell, near the Little Blue in 1864. Twice bullets cut his clothing during the fight, but he escaped uninjured. After the war Dr. Still returned home and turned his attention once more to farming and medicine. Mechanics at different times attracted his attention. He conceived the idea of attaching to the mowing machine fingers for holding grain cut, to save the backaches of

to a representative of the Wood Mowing Machine Company, and the following year that company put reapers on the market, and the only benefit Dr. Still received from his invention was the satisfaction of knowing he had lightened the labor of the harvest field. Another invention was a rotating churn. To this he gave considerable attention and traveled about introducing it among the farmers of Kansas. In 1874, after years of study into the cause of disease, and its cure, he abandoned drugs in his practice as a physician and became an osteopath, the first in the world. In his "Autobiography," page 107, he says: "I believed that something abnormal could be found some place in some of the nerve divisions which would tolerate a temporary or permanent suspension of the blood, either in arteries or veins, which effect caused disease. With this thought in view, I began to ask myself, what is fever? Is it an effect, or is it a being, as commonly described by medical authors? I concluded it was only an effect, and on that line I have experimented and proven the position I then took to be a truth, wonderfully sustained by nature, responding every time in the affirmative. I have concluded after twenty-five years close observation and experimenting, that there is no such disease as fever, flux, diphtheria, typhus, typhoid, lung fever, or any other fever classed under the common head of fever. Rheumatism, sciatica, gout, colic, liver disease, nettle rash or croup, on to the end of the list of diseases, do not exist as diseases. All these, separate and combined, are only effects. The cause can be found and does exist in the limited and excited action of the nerves only, which control the fluids of parts or the whole of the body. It appears perfectly reasonable to any person born above the condition of an idiot, who has familiarized himself with anatomy and its working with the machinery of life, that all diseases are mere effects, the cause being a partial or complete failure of the nerves to properly conduct the fluids of life." His first attempt to gain recognition of his new science among the learned men of the country met only discouragement. He appealed to the management of Baldwin University, at Baldwin, Kansas, an institution of which he was one of the founders

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twenty years before, and asked permission to lecture on his discoveries, but this was denied him. He left Kansas and went to Kirksville, Missouri. He was successful in the treatment of disease; still the medicine doctors and the people who took the time to examine into the principles of his science called him crazy, and even his brother, James M. Still, wrote a letter in which he accused him of being crazy; but a few years later, he, himself, became one of the staunchest believers in and advocates of osteopathy. Dr. Still visited Hannibal, Macon and other parts of Missouri, and success in curing followed him in all places. The doctors were chagrined, the people were mystified. They thought his powers no more than sorcery, or some kind of hypnotism. Nevertheless his cures were real and lasting, and he became famous throughout Missouri. In a few years doctors and other enlightened men began to understand the natural principles underlying his system. He was urged to teach others. First, he had only a few students. Soon the demands upon him by those who wanted to learn became so great that on October 30, 1894, he was granted a charter for the American School of Osteopathy, the first institution of its kind in the world. Few years will pass before he will, in the scientific world, be accorded the position his application of natural principles entitles him to. His name will go down to posterity, associated with those of Harvey, Hahnemann and others, whose discoveries have enriched the knowledge of the world. Dr. Still is a philosopher and a philanthropist. Charitable to a fault, he was, for many years of his life, it may be said, almost in want, for if he had only a crust he would divide it with the needy. He has been twice married. His first wife was Mary M. Vaughn, the daughter of a Missouri pioneer, to whom he was married in May, 1853. Two children, one of whom is still living, were the result of this union. His first wife died September 29, 1859. November 20, 1860, he married for his second wife Mary E. Turner. Of this union four sons were born, Harry M., Charles E., Herman T. and Frederick (now deceased), and one daughter, Blanche, now Mrs. G. M. Laughlin. All of the children are graduates in osteopathy. In 1897 Dr. Still wrote and published his "Autobiography," to which the reader is referred for a

detailed sketch of his life. In 1899 he published "Philosophy of Osteopathy."

Still, Harry Mix, osteopathist, was born at Baldwin, Kansas, May 26, 1867, son of Dr. Andrew Taylor and Mary E. (Turner) Still. The Still family in America is descended from Scotch-English ancestorage. Mary E. Turner was a daughter of Dr. C. M. Turner, a prominent physician of central New York, and later of Towanda, Pennsylvania, to which place he removed in 1840 and resided until his death, in 1875. Dr. Charles M. Turner was born in Vermont, and in early boyhood removed with his parents to Tompkins County, New York, where he spent the greater part of his life. He attained prominence in his profession, but the scope of his mental culture extended beyond the routine duties of his professional life. He was elected to the New York General Assembly, and ably represented his constituents. The last eighteen years of his life were spent in Towanda, Pennsylvania, where he at once. took a commanding position in society. In his declining years he relinquished the more active duties of his profession, and indulged his taste for scientific and literary pursuits. In almost every department of knowledge he was well informed. His was an ideal domestic life. His family afforded him the greatest of happiness, and his own fireside was his realm of pleasure more than any other place. In all his life he was guided by the religious. spirit that he inherited from his ancestors, and this was strengthened by his strong reasoning qualities. So exalted was his estimate of the true Christian character, and so diffident was he of his own gracious qualities, that he shrank from the open profession of his faith until late in life. His death came quietly and happily at his home in Towanda on November 18, 1875. Mary E. (Turner) Still was born September 25, 1835, in New York State, near Ithaca. She was given all the advantages of an excellent education, and about 1860 accepted a position as a teacher in the Kansas State University. While occupying this position she was married to Dr. Andrew T. Still. Harry M. Still was her third son, a twin, born twelve hours after the birth the birth of his brother, Herman T. Still, D. O. He was educated in the public schools of Kirks

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