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each other against hostile forces from without. I assure you that no Fourth of July celebration, no rejoicing over the birth of an heir to the Italian throne, equals in heartiness and sincerity these simple celebrations. Again one longs to pour into the government of their adopted country all this affection and zeal, this real patriotism. A system of State insurance would be a very simple device and secure a large return.❜

The state might well accept this genuine product of elementary patriotism, these little groups of brave pioneers, adopt their societies into a great and powerful system covering the land, and at the same time retain all the advantages of self-government in small societies in which men gain their best preparation for participation in the larger affairs of political action.

"Newer Ideals of Peace, pp. 90, 91.

CHAPTER III

BENEFIT FEATURES OF THE TRADE-UNIONS

In the United States, according to a recent list, there are in affiliation with the American Federation of Labor 113 national and international unions, organized in 28,681 lodges or local unions. The total membership was estimated at 1,500,000, but this estimate was not based on reliable statistics, and it is well known that the number of members fluctuates, sometimes rapidly, with changes in economic conditions. The accompanying table represents the names of the unions, their membership, and their total expenditures for various kinds of insurance for the year 1905.1

American Federation of Labor (local organizations)......
Actors' National Protective Union of America....
Bakery and Confectionery Workers' International Union of
America ....

28,600

1,100

12,000

Barbers' International Union, Journeymen........

22,700

Bill Posters and Billers of America, National Alliance....

1,400

Blacksmiths' International Brotherhood......

10,000

Blast Furnace Workers and Smelters of America.

1,500

Boiler Makers and Iron Ship Builders of America..
Bookbinders' International Brotherhood..

13,400

6,600

Boot and Shoe Workers' Union.......

32,000

Brewery Workmen, International Union of..............

34,000

Brick, Tile and Terra-Cotta Workers' Alliance, International
Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, International Associa-

4,100

tion of.....

10,000

Broom and Whisk Makers' Union, International.
Brushmakers' Union, International....

Building Employees of America (in January, 1904, 800)....
Cap Makers of North America, United Cloth Hat and......
Carpenters and Joiners of America, United Brotherhood of..

1 Bulletin of the Department of Labor (New York, 1906), p. 110; Chicago Daily News Almanac, 1906, pp. 114-16.

1,000

700

2,600 143,200

Carpenters and Joiners, Amalgamated Society of.........
Carriage and Wagon Workers, International..

4,800

3,200

Car Workers, International Association of.

5,000

Cement Workers, American Brotherhood of......

3,600

Chainmakers' National Union of the United States of America
Cigarmakers' International Union of America....

600

41,400

Clerks' International Protective Association, Retail..

50,000

Clerks, International Association of Railway (in January, 1904, 600)....

Compressed Air Workers, International Union....
Coopers' International Union of North America..

1,200

5,600

Curtain Operatives of America, Amalgamated Lace....
Cutting Die and Cutter Makers' International Union.....
Electrical Workers of America, International Brotherhood..

700

300

21,000

Elevator Constructors......

2,200

Engineers' International Union, Steam.....

17,500

Expressmen, Brotherhood of Railway (in January, 1904, 300)

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Hotel and Restaurant Employees' Alliance and Bartenders'
League

38,700

Insulators and Asbestos Workers....

300

Iron, Steel and Tin Workers, Amalgamated Association of..
Jewelry Workers' Union.....

10,000

700

Knife Grinders' Union Table..

300

Knife Blade Grinders' and Finishers' Union, Pocket.

200

Lathers' International Union, Wood, Wire, and Metal...............

4,300

Laundry Workers' Union, Shirt, Waist and....

4,600

Leather Workers on Horse Goods.....

4,000

Leather Workers' Union, Amalgamated..

1,000

Longshoremen's Association .....

Machinists, International Association of......

Maintenance-of-Way Employees, International Brotherhood of

Marble Workers' Association....

47,800

48,500

12,000

1,900

Mattress Spring and Bedding Workers' Union..

1,500

Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen...........

6,200

Metal Polishers, Buffers, Platers and Brass Workers......

10,300

Mine Managers and Assistants' Mutual Aid Association.....
Mine Workers of America, United...

400

261,900

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Paper Box, Bag and Novelty Workers' Union.....
Paper Makers, United Brotherhood of..

900

5,000

[blocks in formation]

Plumbers, Gas Fitters, Steam Fitters, Helpers' Association...

[blocks in formation]
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Tile Layers and Helpers' Union, Ceramic, Mosaic and Encaustic 1,400

Tin Plate Workers' Protective Association..

1,400

Tobacco Workers' Union.......

5,400

Travelers' Goods and Leather Novelty Workers' Union...

1,300

[blocks in formation]

During the year 1905 the national unions of the Ameri

can Federation of Labor paid out in benefits as follows:

[blocks in formation]

But these figures do not by any means represent the

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