each other against hostile forces from without. I assure you that no Fourth of July celebration, no rejoicing over the birth of an heir to the Italian throne, equals in heartiness and sincerity these simple celebrations. Again one longs to pour into the government of their adopted country all this affection and zeal, this real patriotism. A system of State insurance would be a very simple device and secure a large return.❜ The state might well accept this genuine product of elementary patriotism, these little groups of brave pioneers, adopt their societies into a great and powerful system covering the land, and at the same time retain all the advantages of self-government in small societies in which men gain their best preparation for participation in the larger affairs of political action. "Newer Ideals of Peace, pp. 90, 91. CHAPTER III BENEFIT FEATURES OF THE TRADE-UNIONS In the United States, according to a recent list, there are in affiliation with the American Federation of Labor 113 national and international unions, organized in 28,681 lodges or local unions. The total membership was estimated at 1,500,000, but this estimate was not based on reliable statistics, and it is well known that the number of members fluctuates, sometimes rapidly, with changes in economic conditions. The accompanying table represents the names of the unions, their membership, and their total expenditures for various kinds of insurance for the year 1905.1 American Federation of Labor (local organizations)...... 28,600 1,100 12,000 Barbers' International Union, Journeymen........ 22,700 Bill Posters and Billers of America, National Alliance.... 1,400 Blacksmiths' International Brotherhood...... 10,000 Blast Furnace Workers and Smelters of America. 1,500 Boiler Makers and Iron Ship Builders of America.. 13,400 6,600 Boot and Shoe Workers' Union....... 32,000 Brewery Workmen, International Union of.............. 34,000 Brick, Tile and Terra-Cotta Workers' Alliance, International 4,100 tion of..... 10,000 Broom and Whisk Makers' Union, International. Building Employees of America (in January, 1904, 800).... 1 Bulletin of the Department of Labor (New York, 1906), p. 110; Chicago Daily News Almanac, 1906, pp. 114-16. 1,000 700 2,600 143,200 Carpenters and Joiners, Amalgamated Society of......... 4,800 3,200 Car Workers, International Association of. 5,000 Cement Workers, American Brotherhood of...... 3,600 Chainmakers' National Union of the United States of America 600 41,400 Clerks' International Protective Association, Retail.. 50,000 Clerks, International Association of Railway (in January, 1904, 600).... Compressed Air Workers, International Union.... 1,200 5,600 Curtain Operatives of America, Amalgamated Lace.... 700 300 21,000 Elevator Constructors...... 2,200 Engineers' International Union, Steam..... 17,500 Expressmen, Brotherhood of Railway (in January, 1904, 300) Hotel and Restaurant Employees' Alliance and Bartenders' 38,700 Insulators and Asbestos Workers.... 300 Iron, Steel and Tin Workers, Amalgamated Association of.. 10,000 700 Knife Grinders' Union Table.. 300 Knife Blade Grinders' and Finishers' Union, Pocket. 200 Lathers' International Union, Wood, Wire, and Metal............... 4,300 Laundry Workers' Union, Shirt, Waist and.... 4,600 Leather Workers on Horse Goods..... 4,000 Leather Workers' Union, Amalgamated.. 1,000 Longshoremen's Association ..... Machinists, International Association of...... Maintenance-of-Way Employees, International Brotherhood of Marble Workers' Association.... 47,800 48,500 12,000 1,900 Mattress Spring and Bedding Workers' Union.. 1,500 Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen........... 6,200 Metal Polishers, Buffers, Platers and Brass Workers...... 10,300 Mine Managers and Assistants' Mutual Aid Association..... 400 261,900 Paper Box, Bag and Novelty Workers' Union..... 900 5,000 Plumbers, Gas Fitters, Steam Fitters, Helpers' Association... Tile Layers and Helpers' Union, Ceramic, Mosaic and Encaustic 1,400 Tin Plate Workers' Protective Association.. 1,400 Tobacco Workers' Union....... 5,400 Travelers' Goods and Leather Novelty Workers' Union... 1,300 During the year 1905 the national unions of the Ameri can Federation of Labor paid out in benefits as follows: But these figures do not by any means represent the |