about New-York city, along Hudson's River, and about Utica, and in the fertile regions of the west. The number of persons employed in manufactures by the United States census for 1820, is 60,038; and the nature and value of the manufactures will be partially seen by the following abstract from the state census of 1821.

Manufactories of pot and pearl ashes, 1226.

Carding machines, 1233.

Grist mills, 2132.

Saw mills, 4304.

The salt manufactured at Salina in 1820 amounted to 554,776 bushels; and the net revenue to the state on salt manufactured in the western district, was $67,038.*

The commerce of New-York is very extensive. Above one-half of the imports are landed here, and the exports for 1820 amounted to $13,162,000, of which $7,898,000

*This has increased very much of late; the works are capable of yielding six thousand bushels a day; the evaporating works cover 72,000 feet of ground in extent. See Topographical and Statistical Manual of New-York.

was domestic produce. The Custom House duties collected in New-York in 1825, amounted to $16,000,000. There are from 50 to 60 steam boats plying from the city in various directions, whose estimated cost is $1,500,000. New-York city, from the unrivalled excellence of its situation as a seaport, has a very large share of the coasting trade, so that a great part of the produce of other states is exported from hence; and other states are largely supplied with both foreign and domestic articles from this state. The number of persons engaged in commerce, by the census of 1820, is 9113.

Cities, Towns, and Villages.-This is a fertile subject in the state of New-York. By the returns of 1821, it appears that there are 5 cities and 613 towns and villages. A few only can be noticed.

ALBANY is a city, and the seat of government of the state. It is pleasantly situated on the west bank of the Hudson River, about 150 miles above New-York, near the head of tide water, and has considerable manufactures and commerce. Population in 1820, 12,630; in 1825, 16,000. Seventeen steam boats run from New-York to Albany and Troy.

NEW-YORK city has been already mentioned, and the population in 1820, was 123,706. As an appendage to it, Brooklyn may be mentioned. It is situated on the opposite side of East River, on Long Island, and from its intimate connexion with the city, may really be considered as a suburb. The population in 1820, was 5,210, which added to the above, makes 128,916, so that NewYork is the most populous city in the United States. (A new census in 1825, produced 169,000, and Brooklyn 8,000.)

West Point is 51 miles north of New-York, on the west side of the Hudson River, in the midst of the Highlands,

and is the seat of the United States military academy, which contains 250 cadets. Population, 4 to 500.

Newburg is situated on the west side of Hudson River, 59 miles above New-York, and immediately above the Highlands. It is a thriving town, with a population of 3078.

Poughkeepsie is situated 14 miles above Newburg, on the east side of the same river, and is the seat of considerable manufactures and trade. Population in 1820, 3401; in 1826, 5726.

Kingston is situated on the west side of Hudson River, 15 miles above Poughkeepsie, and is a considerable trading town, containing 1163 inhabitants.

HUDSON city is situated on the east side of Hudson River, 28 miles below Albany, and is the seat of considerable manufactures and commerce. Population in 1820, 2900; in 1826, 5310.

Catskill is situated on the west side of Hudson River, nearly opposite to Hudson, and contains 1443 inhabitants. The Pine Orchard House, on the top of the mountain, 2500 feet above the Hudson, is visited from this place.

TROY is, next to Albany, the largest city in the state. It is beautifully situated on the east side of Hudson River, six miles above Albany; and has extensive manufactures and commerce. Population in 1820, 5260; in 1826, 8000.

Lansingburg is situated on the east side of the Hudson River, 4 miles above Troy, opposite to the outlet of Mohawk River, and has considerable trade. Sloops sometimes ascend the river thus far. Population, 1700.

Waterford is situated at the confluence of Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, opposite to Waterford, by which it is connected by a bridge. The population is 950.

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SCHENECTADY is a city, next in extent to Troy. It is situated on the Mohawk River, 16 miles N. W. from Albany, and is a place of considerable trade. Union College, an excellent seminary, is situated here, and there is an elegant bridge across the Mohawk. Population, 3939.

Ballston and Saratoga springs and villages are situated N. E. of Schenectady, the former 15 and the latter 23 miles, and being the most celebrated watering places in the United States, they deserve particular notice. It has also been considered proper to prepare a map for the purpose of showing the position of these celebrated springs and the adjacent country.*

Ballston Spa is situated on Kayaderosera Creek, 29 miles north from Albany. It is a powerful spring, and the water highly medicinal. It emits a slight smell, but not unpleasant, and is copiously impregnated with carbonic acid gas. The water may be freely drank, and produces an agreeable exhilarating sensation; and it operates as a purgative, tonic, and diuretic. It is therefore recommended in all cases of dyspepsia, gravel, rheumatism, diseases of the urinary system, cutaneous eruptions, dropsy, scrofula, worms, &c.

In general the waters are of great use in all cases of debility, and hence the place is very much frequented in the summer season, particularly by people from the southern states. On an analysis of the waters, it has been found that they contain hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, carbonic acid gas, muriate of soda, carbonate of lime, carbonate of soda, carbonate of iron, carbonate of magnesia. There is a considerable village built, and a number of very excellent inns and boarding houses for the accommodation

* See the map.