W. for West Long. H. for highest, L. for lowest, and M. Remarks. The lowest under St. Peter's for Jan. Feb. Nov. and Dec. are respectively 30, 14, 7, and 20 below zero, indicated by – It will be seen that Portsmouth is NOTE.-Remarks on the Weather and Clouds, on the Coast of America, There are several heights of clouds; the highest, and those which appear of the finest texture, (if I may be allowed the expression) float highest in the atmosphere. Clouds of this description always come from the westward; just before the appearance of an easterly storm, they gather in the S. W. and S. S. W. and if a glim (as the sailors call it) in the N. E. and N. N. E. their appearance in the sky indicates a N. E. storm of snow or rain. All great storms, whether snow or rain, begin to the westward, and advance gradually to the eastward, along the coasts of America. A strong S. W. wind, in the upper regions of the atmosphere, attended with a N. E. or opposite wind below is commonly accompanied with low flying clouds, which drive before the wind, while the higher clouds go in a contrary direction. Ship-Masters and Pilots, on leaving the coast, outward bound, may notice, that so long as these higher clouds do not gather and thicken in the W. or S. W. so long a heavy or long storm of snow or rain will keep off. Any rain or foul weather, that proceeds from winds which rise from the eastward, and drive before the wind to the westward, is of short du ration. A MARINER. colder than Boston, more than the mere difference of lat. would indicate. Mackinaw is incomplete, but by comparing the two last months, it will be seen that the climate is much more temperate than at St. Peter's, though it is in a higher lat. The difference is no doubt owing to its proximity to the lakes. The great extremes of heat and cold in the western part of this division is owing to the unimproved state of the country. 2. The middle climate comprehends a great and very unequal range of country. In the eastern division it extends from the foregoing line to Lake Ontario and Erie westward; and south on the Atlantic coast, to about Cape Henlopen, on the Delaware. Thence a line may be protracted to Washington, and along by the foot of the first mountains in Virginia to about Morgantown, N. C.; thence through the mountains to Kanhaway River, and north-east on the west side of the mountains to the upper part of Chesnut Ridge in Pennsylvania. In the westward the southern boundary of the coldest climate before mentioned may be assumed as the northern boundary of the middle, and the southern boundary of the middle may be protracted westward from the head of Chesnut Ridge to the highlands dividing the waters falling into the Ohio from those falling into the St. Lawrence, and along in a northern and western direction, crossing the Mississippi about 30 miles below Prairie des Chiens, thence south and west crossing the Missouri about 30 miles below La Platte River; thence southward to the west of the Great Osage village, and then eastward to the Arkansas River above the Hot Springs. In this division the winters commence in December and end in March, and the heat of summer commences in May and ends in September. The heat and cold here. also go to great extremes, but the weather is very changeable, particularly in winter, so that neither severe heat nor severe cold lasts long at a time. The country in this division is also generally healthy. 1820. HL MHL MHL MHL MHL MH January 48 928 48 6 26 42 14 32 30 12 2344 424 LIM H February 42 034 64 637 66 16 48 57 032 42 217 LIM 22 9 71-830 March 68 16 38 70 034 April 24 58 May 50 69 3. The temperate climate is situated between the middle and a line drawn from Morgantown, N. C. southwestward along the foot of the mountains to their termination in Georgia; thence in a north-west direction by Florence in Alabama, and crossing the Mississippi River about the upper part of the Chickasaw Bluffs; thence north-west to the Delaware towns, on White River, and thence S. W. to the Arkansas above the Hot Springs. The region described within these limits lies in the very heart of the country, the whole bed being on a considerable elevation. It comprehends the States of Kentucky and Missouri, with nearly the whole of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Tennessee, the south part of Pennsylvania, the western part of Virginia, and small portions of North Carolina, Geor gia, and Alabama. This climate is distinguished from the foregoing, principally by having an earlier spring, and the weather is generally more settled and serene, although both heat and cold occasionally go to as great extremes. January 40 32 N. 39 59 N. 39 30 N. 39 20 N. 39 6 N. 38 12 N. 36 23 N. 34 36 N. 246W. 458W. 428W. 545W. 731W. 834W. 938W. 955W. HL MHL MHL MHL MHL MHL MHL MHL M 42 10.29 68 10 40 67 16 42 641840 702037 66 2047 74 20 47 70 27 51 February 62 10 42 64 18 39 62 13 39 66 15 40 64 16 42 64 18 44 72 20 48 70 28 53 March April May June July August Sept. 89 41,64 October 76 40 54 November 62 32 46 71 20 49 72 22 48 723259 76 28 51 68 30 53 64 18 42 4. The warm climate lies between the middle and temperate climate, and a line drawn from Cape Henry in a circular direction below Annapolis and passing above Tarboro, and through Fayetteville, Columbia, Augusta, Milledgeville, and Fort Jackson in Alabama; and thence a little south of west across the Mississippi, and on to the Sabine River, in the latitude of Nacogdoches, in Texas. In this region the winters commence about the first of January, and end about the first of March, and the summers commence about the first of May, and end about the middle of October. The weather is pretty settled and steady, and, except in swampy marshy situations, along the banks of the Chesapeake or Mississippi, the country is generally healthy. 5. The warmest or hot climate, extends from the southern extremity of the warm climate to the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. In this climate the summers commence in April and end in November, and the heat is often very oppressive. The winters are often very variable, but generally pleasant and healthy. The whole of this district being on the alluvial formation, there are many swamps and marshes interspersed through it, and near these the summers are very unhealthy, but in high and dry situations the climate is favourable. The diseases particularly incident to this district are bilious fever, and fever and ague; but on the other hand pulmonary complaints, and many others which prevail in cold countries, are hardly known. |