owned by the Hanychping Company shall not be permitted, without the consent of the said company, to be worked by other persons outside of the said company; and further agrees that if it is desired to carry out any undertaking which, it is apprehended, may directly or indirectly affect the interests of the said company, the consent of the said company shall first be obtained.

GROUP IV

The Japanese Government and the Chinese Government with the object of effectively preserving the territorial integrity of China agree to the following special article:

The Chinese Government engages not to cede or lease to a third Power any harbour or bay or island along the coast of China.

GROUP V

Article 1.-The Chinese Central Government shall employ influential Japanese as advisers in political, financial, and military affairs.

Article 2.-Japanese hospitals, churches and schools in the interior of China shall be granted the right of owning land.

Article 3.-Inasmuch as the Japanese Government and the Chinese Government have had many cases of dispute between Japanese and Chinese police which caused no little misunderstanding, it is for this reason necessary that the police departments of important places (in China) shall be jointly administered by Japanese and Chinese or that the police departments

of these places shall employ numerous Japanese, so that they may at the same time help to plan for the improvement of the Chinese Police Service.

Article 4.-China shall purchase from Japan a fixed amount of munitions of war (say 50 per cent. or more of what is needed by the Chinese Government) or that there shall be established in China a Sino-Japanese jointly worked arsenal. Japanese technical experts are to be employed and Japanese material to be purchased.

Article 5.-China agrees to grant to Japan the right of constructing a railway connecting Wuchang with Kiukiang and Nanchang, another line between Nanchang and Hangchow, and another between Nanchang and Chaochou.

Article 6.-If China needs foreign capital to work mines, build railways and construct harbour works (including dockyards) in the Province of Fukien, Japan shall be first consulted.

Article 7.-China agrees that Japanese subjects shall have the right of missionary propaganda in China.

A RÉSUMÉ OF JAPAN'S PROCEDURE IN CONNECTION WITH THE TWENTYONE DEMANDS1

(a) Presentation of demands in twenty-one ar'From Millard, "Our Eastern Question," pp. 147-148.

ticles, coupled with a strong admonition to China that both haste and secrecy were insisted on by Japan.

(b) Continuous pressure on China to force her to concede the demands en bloc, without discussion.

(c) Repeated warning to China not to inform other Powers of the negotiations, even confidentially.

(d) First publications of news about the demands were categorically and officially denied by Japan.

(c) Newspapers in Japan were warned by the Government not to publish or discuss news about the demands.

(f) Japan's diplomatic representatives abroad were instructed to deny and discredit news about the demands.

(g) The Minister at Peking denied to inquiries of other legations that any demands had been made.

(h) When copies of the original demands, procured from the Chinese Government, were received by other foreign Governments, Japan still denied the twenty-one demands, and presented a list of eleven articles, omitting the most objectionable matters.

P

THE REVISED DEMANDS

PRESENTED BY MR. HIOKI, THE JAPANESE MINISTER, TO THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT ON APRIL 26, 1915, YIELDED TO BY THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT ON MAY 8, 1915

GROUP I

The Japanese Government and the Chinese Government being desirous of maintaining the peace of Eastern Asia and of further strengthening the friendly relations existing between the two neighbouring nations agree to the following articles:

Article 1.-The Chinese Government agrees that when the Japanese Government hereafter approaches the German Government for the transfer of all rights and privileges of whatsoever nature enjoyed by Germany in the Province of Shantung, whether secured by treaty or in any other manner, China shall give her full assent thereto.

Article 2.-The Chinese Government engages that within the Province of Shantung and along its sea border no territory or island or land of any name or nature shall be ceded or leased to any third Power.

Article 3.-The Chinese Government consents that as regards the railway to be built by China herself from Chefoo or Lungkow, to connect with the Kiaochow-Tsinanfu Railway, if Ger

many is willing to abandon the privilege of financing the Chefoo-Weihsien line, China will approach Japanese capitalists to negotiate for a loan.

Article 4.-The Chinese Government engages, in the interest of trade and for the residence of foreigners, to open by China herself as soon as possible certain suitable places in the Province of Shantung as commercial ports.

THE FOLLOWING TO BE SUBJECT OF AN EXCHANGE OF NOTES:

The places which ought to be opened are to be chosen, and the regulations are to be drafted, by the Chinese Government, but the Japanese minister must be consulted before making a decision.

GROUP II

The Japanese Government and the Chinese Government, with a view to developing their economic relations in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia, agree to the following articles:

Article 1.-The two contracting Powers mutually agree that the term of lease of Port Arthur and Dalny and the term of the South Manchurian Railway and the Antung-Mukden Railway, shall be extended to ninety-nine years.

Article 2.-Japanese subjects in South Manchuria may lease or purchase necessary land for erecting suitable buildings for trade and manufacture or for prosecuting agricultural enterprises.