for in the territories controlled by the Japanese, the door is open only to Japanese trade."

With money borrowed from the British capitalists, the Japanese built the South Manchurian Railway and shut off British trade. British financiers have now come to realize that every time they lend a pound to the Japanese, that money is used in the East to kill the British trade; and to-day the Japanese cannot borrow a single shilling in the London markets. Hence they turn to the United States." Money they must have to develop all the mining and railroad concessions wrenched from China. In 1916, Baron Shibusawa, the Japanese Morgan and the semi-official spokesman of the government, came to the United States to arrange a huge loan with the bankers of New York. His mission was a failure. But had he been successful and had he borrowed enough money from American capitalists, it is very probable that the Japanese could have succeeded in closing all the doors of China to the rest of the world, as they have done in Manchuria.

It has been stated time and again that Japan entered the European War with the unselfish

2 See O. K. Davis, "Whose Open Door?" Everybody's, 36: 34-46, January, 1917.

"See H. K. Tong, "American Money and Japanese Brains," Review of Reviews, 53:452-455, April, 1916; "Japan, China, and American Money," Harper's Weekly, 62: 298-299, March 26, 1916.

motive of fulfilling her treaty obligation to her ally-England. That may or may not be true. But the fact is that Japan is the only nation that has profited by this war. It seems likely that Japan will occupy all the territories formerly held by Germany in the Far East and more. Commercially, she is enjoying an unprecedented prosperity. She has replaced all the German and Austrian, and a part of the Allies' trade in the East. Since the war began, Japan's sales to the Philippines, Straights Settlements, British India, Australia, and Spain have more than doubled. Sales to Russia are more than twelve times what they were;" Egypt has changed from a modest customer requiring less than a half million dollars' worth of goods yearly to a fairly important one buying more than five times that amount. The United States bought in 1916 a hundred million dollars' worth more than in 1913. "Japan is enjoying the novel experience of engaging in a war which has brought great prosperity, with no increase in taxes, no issues of bonds, and with no loss to army and navy." "

20

28 This was true up to the time of the overthrow of the Kerensky government, November, 1917. Since then the trade relations between Japan and Russia have been uncertain because of the unstable condition of Russia.

"Carl Crow, "Get-Rich-Quick Japan," Sunset Magazine, 39:32-33, December, 1917. Also see G. L. Harding, “Japan's Part in the War," New York Times, Current History, VI: 528-531, September, 1917.

The Lansing-Ishii agreement, regardless of what the American people may think of it, is, in the opinion of Japanese and Chinese, a decided victory for Japan and a corresponding defeat for America." Recognition of sovereignty, within sovereignty is contradiction of terms. No matter what the intention of the American statesmen in recognizing Japan's special interests in China, the Japanese purpose in making this agreement is to blindfold America as to their ever-increasing activities in China, and to make America ignore China's appeal against the Japanese aggression.

30

For full discussion of this topic, see the present writer's China's Distrust of Japan," Asia, XVIII: 225-226, March, 1918.

V

PRESENT POLICIES AND OPPORTUNITIES

I. JAPANESE PLANS AND AMBITIONS

T

HE astute statesmen of Japan realize the solidarity of public opinion in the West. Hence their advance on the Asiatic mainland has been very cautious. As long as they get what they want piecemeal, it will not attract Western attention, nor will any single loss be great enough to arouse the Chinese to a fighting spirit. Through this policythe policy of the small snake with the big toadJapan has swollen her sphere of influence during the last ten years to the largest in the mainland of Asia. If this policy is permitted to proceed unchecked, Japan will ultimately succeed in absorbing the entire continent of Asia with its vast natural resources and limitless manpower. Then no longer could the British colonies discriminate against Japanese immigrants; no longer could California pass an alien land law; no longer could the United States Government assert the principles of Monroe Doctrine that the Western Hemisphere is closed to imperial colonization. Banzai and

1

'See Harry C. Douglas, "What May Happen in the Pacific," Review of Reviews, 55: 394-398, April, 1917.

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