indicator, and shall keep it connected during the whole time that the line is charged.

The owner of any such pipe may require the Company to permit him at reasonable times and intervals to ascertain by test that the conditions specified in (ii.) are complied with as regards his pipe.

7. When the return is partly or entirely uninsulated a continuous record shall be kept by the Company of the difference of potential during the working of the tramway between the points of the uninsulated return furthest from and nearest to the generating station. If at any time such difference of potential exceeds the limit of seven volts, the Company shall take immediate steps to reduce it below that limit.

8. Every electrical connection with any pipe shall be so arranged as to admit of easy examination, and shall be tested by the Company at least once in every three months.

9. Every line and every insulated return or part of a return except any feeder shall be constructed in sections not exceeding one-half of a mile in length, and means shall be provided for isolating each such section for purposes of testing.

10. The insulation of the line and of the return when insulated, and of all feeders and other conductors, shall be so maintained that the leakage current shall not exceed one hundredth of an ampere per mile of tramway. The leakage current shall be ascertained daily before or after the hours of running when the line is fully charged. If at any time it should be found that the leakage current exceeds one-half of an ampere per mile of tramway the leak shall be localised and removed as soon as practicable, and the running of the cars shall be stopped unless the leak is localised and removed within 24 hours. Provided that where both line and return are placed within a conduit this regulation shall not apply.

II. The insulation resistance of all continuously insulated cables used for lines, for insulated returns, for feeders, or for other purposes, and laid below the surface of the ground, shall not be permitted to fall below the equivalent of 10 megohms for a length of one mile. A test of the insulation resistance of all such cables shall be made at least once in each month.

12. Where in any case in any part of the tramway the line is erected overhead and the return is laid on or under the ground, and where any wires have been erected or laid before the construction of the tramway in the same or nearly the same direction as such part of the tramway, the Company shall, if required so to do by the owners of such wires or any of them, permit such owners to insert and maintain in the Company's line one or more inductioncoils or other apparatus approved by the Company for the purpose of preventing disturbance by electric induction. In any case in which the Company withhold their approval of any such apparatus the owners may appeal to the Board of Trade, who may, if they think fit, dispense with such approval.

13. Any insulated return shall be placed parallel to and at a distance not exceeding three feet from the line when the line and return are both erected overhead, or eighteen inches when they are both laid underground.

14. In the disposition, connections, and working of feeders the Company shall take all reasonable precautions to avoid injurious interference with any existing wires.

15. The Company shall so construct and maintain their system as to secure good contact between the motors and the line and return respectively.

16. The Company shall adopt the best means available to prevent the occurrence of undue sparking at the rubbing or rolling contacts in any place and in the construction and use of their generator and motors.

17. In working the cars the current shall be varied as required by means of a rheostat containing at least 20 sections, or by some other equally efficient method of gradually varying resistance.

18. Where the line or return or both are laid in a conduit the following conditions shall be complied with in the construction and maintenance of such conduit:

(a.) The conduit shall be so constructed as to admit of easy examination of and access to the conductors contained therein and their insulators and supports. (b.) It shall be so constructed

as to be readily cleared of accumulation of dust or other débris, and no such accumulation shall be permitted to remain.

(c.) It shall be laid to such falls and so connected to sumps or other means of drainage, as to automatically clear itself of water without danger of the water reaching the level of the conductors.

(d.) If the conduit is formed of metal, all separate lengths shall be so jointed as to secure efficient metallic continuity for the passage of electric currents. Where the rails are used to form any part of the return they shall be electrically connected to the conduit by means of copper strips having a sectional area of at least one-sixteenth of a square inch, or other means of equal conductivity, at distances apart not exceeding 100 feet. When the return is wholly insulated and contained within the conduit, the latter shall be connected to earth at the generating station through a high resistance galvanometer suitable for the indication of any contact or partial contact of either the line or the return with the conduit.

(e.) If the conduit is formed of any non-metallic material not being of high insulating quality and impervious to moisture throughout, and is placed within six feet of any pipe, a nonconducting screen shall be interposed between the conduit and the pipe, of such material and dimensions as shall provide that no current can pass between them without traversing at least six feet of earth, or the circuit itself shall in such case be lined with bitumen or other non-conducting damp-resisting material in all cases where it is placed within six feet of any pipe. (f) The leakage current shall be ascertained daily, before or after the hours of running, when the line is fully charged, and if at any time it shall be found to exceed half an ampere per mile of tramway the leak shall be localised and removed as soon as practicable, and the running of the cars shall be stopped unless the leak is localised and removed within 24 hours.

19. The Company shall, so far as may be applicable to their system of working, keep records as specified below. These records shall, if and when required, be forwarded for the information of the Board of Trade.

No. of cars running.

Daily Records.

Maximum working current.

Maximum working pressure.

Maximum current from the earth connections (vide Regulation 6 (i.)).

Leakage current (vide Regulations 10 and 18 (f.)).

Fall of potential in return (vide Regulation 7).

Monthly Records.

Condition of earth connections (vide Regulation 5).

Insulation resistance of insulated cables (vide Regulation 11).

Quarterly Records.

Conductance of joints to points (vide Regulation 8).

Occasional Records.

Any tests made under provisions of Regulation 6 (ii.). Localisation and removal of leakage, stating time occupied. Particulars of any abnormal occurrence affecting the electric working of the tramway.

6th March 1894.

Board of Trade,

7, Whitehall Gardens, S. W.

Variation of foregoing Regulations sanctioned by the Board of Trade in August, 1901.

Regulation 5, add the following paragraphs :

When the generator is at a considerable distance from the tramway the uninsulated return shall be connected to the negative terminal of the generator by means of an insulated return conductor, and the generator shall have no other connection with earth; and in such case the end of the insulated return connected with the uninsulated return shall be connected also through a current indicator to two separate earth connections, or with the necessary consents to a main for water supply, or with the like consents to both in the manner prescribed in this regulation.

If the current indicator cannot conveniently be placed at the connection of the uninsulated return with the insulated return, this instrument may consist of an indicator at the generating station connected by insulated wires to the terminals of a resistance interposed between the return and the earth connection or connections. The said resistance shall be such that the maximum current laid down in Regulation 6 (i.) shall produce a difference of potential not exceeding one volt between the terminals. The indicator shall be so constructed as to indicate correctly the current passing through the resistance when connected to the terminals by the insulated wire before-mentioned.

Regulation 6 (1), line 2, after "generator" add the following words:" or through the resistance to the insulated return."

Section 17.

Section 22.

APPENDIX D.

REGULATIONS UNDER THE "METROPOLIS WATER
ACT, 1871." (a).

Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command
of Her Majesty.

At the Council Chamber, Whitehall,
The 10th day of August, 1872.

Present:

The Right Honourable Chichester P. Fortescue, M.P.

WHEREAS it is provided by the Metropolis Water Act, 1871, that every company subject to the provisions of that Act, shall, within six months after the passing of the said Act, make regulations for the purposes for which regulations may be made under the authority of section 26 of the Metropolis Water Act, 1852, and that the provisions of that section shall apply also to the preventing of undue consumption or contamination of water:

And whereas by the said Metropolis Water Act, 1871, it is further provided that no such regulation shall be of any force or effect unless and until the same be submitted to and confirmed by the Board of Trade, who may institute such inquiry in relation thereto, as they shall think fit, and who, at such inquiry, shall hear the metropolitan authority and the company, if desiring to be heard, and the said board shall, if they think fit, or if requested, nominate and have present at such inquiry to advise and assist them, a competent and impartial waterworks engineer:

And whereas it is by the said last-mentioned Act also provided, that no such regulation shall be confirmed by the Board of Trade, unless notice in that behalf shall have been given by the company to which the same relates, or by such person as the Board of Trade direct, in the London Gazette, and in two daily morning newspapers circulated within the limits of the said Act, one month at least before the inquiry, and that one month at least before any such inquiry is held, a copy of the regulations in question shall be sent by such company, or person, to the office of the metropolitan authority, and the same shall for one month be kept open during office hours at the respective offices of the metropolitan authority and of the said company, to the inspection of all persons without fee or reward:

And whereas the metropolitan water companies and the Tottenham Local Board made regulations, in accordance with the provisions of the above-named Act, and submitted the same to the Board of Trade for confirmation, and duly advertised and deposited the same with the metropolitan authorities:

And whereas the Metropolitan Board of Works and the Corporation of the city of London, being metropolitan authorities under the said last-mentioned Act, submitted objections to the said

(a) The Local Government Board also issue, for adaptation and use by Water Companies and Local Authorities, a model form of Bye-Laws or Regulations for preventing waste, misuse, undue consumption or contamination of water.

regulations, and it was deemed expedient that an inquiry should be held in relation thereto :

And whereas by the Board of Trade Inquiries Act, 1872, it is provided that wherever in any Act of Parliament it is directed that an inquiry shall be held or instituted by the Board of Trade, the same shall be deemed to have been duly held or instituted, if conducted by any person or persons duly authorised in that behalf by the president of the said board, by writing under his hand or under the hand of one of the secretaries of the said board:

And whereas the Board of Trade under the powers conferred upon them as aforesaid, appointed the Right Honourable Lord Methuen, Henry Whatley Tyler, Esquire, late Captain Royal Engineers, and Robert Rawlinson, Esquire, C.E., C.B., to hold an inquiry in relation to the regulations so submitted to them by the companies, and by the Tottenham Local Board :

And whereas the said inquiry has been held, and the said metropolitan authorities, and the companies and the local board have been heard at the inquiry:

And whereas, as the result of such inquiry, it has appeared expedient to the Board of Trade to allow such and so many of the said regulations as are contained in the schedule hereto annexed, with such modifications and alterations as are shown in the said schedule:

Schedule referred to in the above Minute.

REGULATIONS MADE UNDER THE METROPOLIS WATER ACT, 1871. 1. No "communication-pipe" for the conveyance of water from the waterworks of the company into any premises shall hereafter be laid until after the point or place at which such "communicationpipe" is proposed to be brought into such premises shall have had the approval of the company.

Place of communication pipe.

2. No lead pipe shall hereafter be laid or fixed in or about any Weight of lead premises for the conveyance of or in connexion with the water pipes. supplied by the company (except when and as otherwise authorised by these regulations, or by the company), unless the same shall be of equal thickness throughout, and of at least the weight following, hat is to say :

3. Every pipe hereafter laid or fixed in the interior of any Interior pipes. dwelling-house for the conveyance of, or in connexion with, the water of the company, must, unless with the consent of the company, if in contact with the ground, be of lead, but may otherwise be of lead, copper, or wrought iron, at the option of the consumer.

one communica

4. No house shall, unless with the permission of the company Not more than in writing, be hereafter fitted with more than one communication-pipe."

5. Every house supplied with water by the company (except in cases of stand-pipes) shall have its own separate "communicationpipe." Provided that, as far as is consistent with the special Acts of the company, in the case of a group or block of houses, the

tion-pipe to each house.

Every house, with certain exceptions, to have cation-pipe.

its own communi