Delfthaven, or the haven of the city of Delft, is about fourteen miles from Leyden, on the river Maas, by which it communicates with the sea. It is now a quiet, old-fashioned place, and of but little commercial importance. The haven or harbor, consists of a long canal running back from the river, bordered with trees, and its quay on either side bounded by old-fashioned houses, with high, quaint gables, some of them bearing the dates of their erection about a half a century previous to the embarkation of the Pilgrims. Here those who were to remain behind, including their venerable and beloved pastor, took leave of their friends and companions in exile, being "not able to speak to one another, for the abundance of sorrow to part."

The place still remains almost the same as when they left it; perhaps it is even more quiet; and the little Dutch vessel represented in the cut is quite as large, and probably, full as seaworthy as the little Speedwell, in which they embarked upon their voyage, taking their last leave of each other with many embraces and many tears, and looking back with straining eyes, as the level shores, and long familiar landmarks receded in the distance.

"When they came to the place," says Bradford, "they found the ship and all things ready; and such of their friends as could not come with them, followed after them; and sundry also came from Amsterdam to see them shipped, and to take leave of them. That night was spent with little sleep by the most, but with friendly entertainment and Christian discourse, and other real expressions of Christian love. The next day, the wind being fair, they went on board, and their friends with them, when truly doleful was the sight of the sad and mournful parting." "But the tide, which stays for no man, calling them away that were thus loth to depart, their reverend pastor, falling down on his knees, and all they with him, commended

them with most fervent tears to the Lord and his blessing; and then, with mutual embraces and many tears, they took their leave of one another-which proved to be their last leave to many of them." Such is the affecting description of that "Embarkation at Delfthaven," which was then but the sorrowful parting of a few poor, sad exiles from their friends, but is now seen to be the first act in the founding of an empire.

"Shut now the volume of history, and tell me, on any principle of human probability, what shall be the fate of this handful of adventurers? Tell me, man of military science, in how many months were they all swept off by the thirty savage tribes enumerated within the early limits of New England? Tell me, politician, how long did this shadow of a colony, on which your conventions and treaties had not smiled, languish on the distant coast? Student of history, compare for me the baffled projects, the dsserted settlements, the abandoned adventures, of other times, and find the parallel of this. Was it the winter's storm, beating upon the houseless heads of women and children; was it hard labor and spare meals; was it discase; was it the tomahawk; was it the deep malady of a blighted hope, a ruined enterprise, and a broken heart, aching in its last moments, at the recollection of the loved and left beyond the sea; was it some, or all of these united, that hurried this forsaken company to their melancholy fate? And is it possible that neither of these causes, that not all combined, were able to blast this bud of hope? Is it possible, that from a beginning so feeble, so frail, so worthy not so much of admiration as of pity, there has gone forth a progress so steady, a growth so wonderful, an expansion so ample, a reality so important, a promise, yet to be fulfilled, so glorious?"- Edward Everett's Oration, Dec. 20th, 1824.

LAYING OUT THE FIRST DWELLING LOTS.

"Thursday, the 28th of December, so many as could went to work on the hill, where we purposed to build our platform for our ordnance, and which doth command all the plain and the bay, and from whence we may see far into the sea, and might easier be impaled, having two rows of houses and a fair street. So in the afternoon we went to measure out the grounds, and first we took notice how many families there were, willing that all single men that had no wives, to join with some family as they saw fit, that so we might build fewer houses; which was done, and we reduced them to nineteen families. To greater families we allotted larger plots; to every person half a pole in breadth, and three in length; and so lots were cast where every man should lie; which was done and staked out. We thought this proportion was large enough at the first for houses and gardens to impale them round, considering the weakness of our people, many of them growing ill with cold; for our former discoveries in frost and storms, and the wading at Cape Cod, had brought much weakness amongst us, which increased so every day more and more, and often was the cause of many of their deaths."

During the first winter and early spring their bill of mortality numbered forty-five.

Willie Breshsler

Upon the departure of the Pilgrims from Holland, it was agreed that their pastor, Robinson, on account of his age and infirmities, should remain with those who were to come over when the settlement was effected; and the choice for a minister fell upon William Brewster, who, although not regularly ordained, was well qualified by his natural powers, by education, and by having long been a leading elder in the church, to fill that office.

He was a man of good family, had been educated at Cambridge (probably at Emmanuel College, founded in 1585, by Sir Walter Mildmay); and afterwards went up to London to seek employment at court. Here he became acquainted with William Davison, Secretary of State, and entering his service was employed by him in various matters of trust. Davison being sent by Elizabeth to the United Provinces to conclude a negotiation for a loan which she had consented to make on the security of three important seaports, Brewster accompanied him; and was entrusted by him with the safe keeping of the keys of Flushing. At their return, Davison was presented by the authorities with a golden chain, which Mr. Brewster wore in England as they rode together through the country, on their way to the court. Davison and Brewster were, however, destined to feel to the full how little faith can be placed in the favor of princes. Of inflexible integrity, high principles, lofty sense of honor, and unsuspicious temper, they were both ill-adapted to sustain for any considerable time, a position in a court practised in intrigue, and given up to dissimulation of every kind and degree.

Elizabeth having determined upon the death of her lovely and unfortunate rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, sent privately for Davison, and ordered him to draw the deathwarrant, which she immediately signed, and sent by him to the chancellor to receive the Great Seal. Upon the death of Mary, the Queen, with her usual insincerity, af fected great indignation at what she was pleased to term the precipitancy of her unfortunate secretary, whom she threw into the tower, and stripped of the greater portion of his estates. Deeply affected by this striking example of hard-hearted duplicity, Brewster still continued by his unfortunate master, rendering him every service in his power.

Having at length satisfied every demand of duty to his master, and gratitude to his patron, he seems to have decided to retire from a life, which required for success the sacrifice of every principle of honor and virtue, to one more congenial to an honorable and ingenuous nature. He withdrew to his estate in the country, where he lived for many years, "doing the best good he could, and walking according to the light he saw, until the Lord revealed further to him." The tyranny of the church, constantly

exercised against both preachers and people whose consciences led them to depart from its usages, led at length to the final separation of great numbers; and of these, Brewster was one of the leading spirits in his immediate neighborhood, encouraging others both by precept and example, to help forward the work of promoting the views which they entertained in common; and assisting them in their necessities under the privations of a relentless persecution, often, perhaps, beyond his means.

Upon the determination of James to harry the Puritans and Separatists out of the land, in which he was worthily seconded by the prelates and their agents, acting by means of the Court of High Commission, Brewster with many others resolved to fly for refuge to Holland. In the arrangement necessary for the accomplishment of this object he appears to have had mainly the charge and direction of their business. Although they failed at the first attempt to leave England, at Boston, through the treachery of the captain of the vessel hired to transport them, and were seized, searched, rifled of their money and goods, thrown into prison, and the ringleaders finally bound over to the assizes, they managed afterwards, but after many vicissi tudes, to reach that haven of the oppressed.

On their arrival in Holland, Brewster, originally a man of property, was so reduced that he was compelled to labor for his subsistence. His occupation was to teach English, which he did with such success that numbers of the students at Leyden resorted to him to acquire that language after their regular studies at the university were concluded. In addition to this he set up a private printing press, at which many of their books and pamphlets were printed in English, and sent over to England for private distribution. This rendered him so obnoxious to James and his

bishops that the English ambassador at the Court of Holland was directed to have him sought out and apprehended, the Dutch assenting, being desirous from motives of policy to preserve the friendship of the English king. He transported himself and family for a time to London where he remained securely hidden until the danger was over.

When the Pilgrims had established themselves at Leyden, Robinson was formally ordained as their pastor, and Brewster was at the same time appointed elder. Upon the departure for America, as related at the commencement of this article, he was chosen to be the pastor of the emigrants until Robinson should be able to join them. This long-hoped for event never occurred, Robinson dying in Holland; and up to a few years of his death, at the age of eighty, Brewster regularly conducted the services of the church when there was no other minister, preaching twice every Sunday; and this "both profitably and powerfully." "He died in his bed in peace, in the midst of his friends, who mourned and wept over him, and ministered what help they could unto him." A memorial of Elder Brewster in the shape of his chair, a cut of which is given below, is still preserved in Pilgrim Hall; and at the head of this article is a fac-simile of his signature.

On their way from Leyden to the place of their embarkation, the Pilgrims must have passed directly through the fine old city of Delft, and between the two fortified gates represented in the engraving, which are now swept away. The canal from Leyden to Delfthaven passes through the city, and being then, as now, the universal highway, must have been traversed by our forefathers; and the trecshuyt, or canal boat, shown in the cut, is similar, in all probability, to that which carried them from their eleven years home to the place of their departure. The buildings, too, are those upon which they gazed as they passed slowly and sadly along. The gateways of mingled brick and stone, pierced with loop-holes above and below; the tall tower of the New Church built in 1381, within which repose the princes of the house of Orange; the Old Church, a ponderous and inelegant edifice, containing the tombs of three famous Dutch Admirals, one of whom, the great Martin Van Tromp, was killed combating with the English for the empire of the seas, in the year 1653,-the high houses with their variegated gables, almost overhanging the canal in the towns through which they passed, the long rows of spreading trees, - the rich meadows of the country, enamelled with flowers, and spotted with almost innumerable cattle, -the endless windmills, the clean country houses, each with its pavilion overhanging the water upon the bank of the canal, the plantations of roses and tulips: - all these objects met their eyes, as they do those of the traveller of the present day, but with what different effect upon the mind. They were about to leave a land which had received them with open arms and kind hearts when they entered it poor, homeless, friendless exiles, and which had become to them at length a second home. They were about to leave the pleasant scenes of civilized life, and its comforts and enjoyments, its security from danger, its various means of

employment and support, -to enter upon a long and perhaps dangerous voyage across an ocean, even then but little known, -and to exchange all these advantages for an uncertain home in a land of savages, - with an uncleared wilderness around them,- and no strength, no security, or protection, but the courage of their hearts, the strength of their hands, and the overwatching Providence of their Father in Heaven.

It furnishes a curious reflection to the American traveller in Holland to look upon scenes which met the eyes of his fathers before the first city was built upon our shores. Two hundred and forty years have passed since down this canal, between these old towers, passed the first ship-load of emigrants to the northern shores of the United States. Then this land of Holland was rich as it is now,- its springs of industry were full; its cities thronged with mechanics and merchants, with princes and burghers; its church towers and spires pointed to heaven.-Almost at the moment when they left its shores it had reached its highest point of prosperity, as compared with other lands, and until within a few years when the mighty engines of modern cizilization invaded its quietude and repose, Holland remained unchanged. During the same time what immense alterations have taken place in the land which the Pilgrim Fathers chose for their home? What boundless regions have been opened to civilization! what numberless cities have been built! how many commonwealths have been founded! what myriads of ships spec the ocean instead of that little bark, then almost alone upon the waters! And all this change, all this progress, has mainly grown out of the inspired energy of those men and women, who, on the 1st of August, 1620, left Delfthaven in the Speedwell, and on the 21st of December landed from the MayFlower on Plymouth Rock.

THE MEMORY OF THE DEAD.

"What is the good of it?" say those who would beat down all shrines, and statues, and temples, lest in doing homage to the memory of the illustrious dead, we verge upon Pagan adoration. Many ages ago the eloquent Pericles, in an oration in honor of the hero-dead who fell fighting for the liberties of Greece, declared in true and burning words the good of doing honor to the memory of the noble dead. It was not that they-immortal in their deeds-needed temple or column to perpetuate their fame, or reward their virtues, but because the living, by thus spurring emulation of the good and heroic dead, inspired and ennobled themselves. Their homage was proof that they were not ungrateful, nor insensible to the deeds that constitute glory and renown. No wreath is given, and no monument reared by a nation to the memory of its illustrious dead, but it blossoms with good for the living through all future time. Virtue is encouraged, patriotism kindled, and all that is noble in our nature inspired to action, by this homage to the greatness and goodness of

our race,

DWELLINGS OF THE PILGRIMS.

De Rasieres, who visited Plymouth in 1627, in a letter preserved in the library at the Hague, gives this account of the settlement. The houses are constructed of hewn planks, with gardens enclosed behind and at the sides with boards. To prevent surprise, each had beside a defensive stockade, and there were three wooden gates at the extremities of the streets. In the centre, on the cross street, stood the Governor's house, before which was a square enclosure, upon which four patereros were mounted so as to flank the streets. Upon Burial (then called Fort) Hill, was a large square house, with a dat roof, made of thick sawn planks, stayed with oak beams, upon the top of which they had six four or five pounders, which commanded the whole neighborhood. The lower part of this fort was used on Sundays for a church.

MYLES STANDISH.

One of the most prominent individuals of the Pilgrim Band, the arm and shield of the infant colony, was Captain Myles Standish, a man whose iron nerve and dauntless courage contributed much towards carrying the Infant Society through the perils with which it was menaced. He was small of stature but sinewy and robust, with a constitution of iron, and an intrepidity of spirit, nurtured by a military education, which no danger could appal.

His family was one of the oldest in Lancashire, having flourished there from soon after the Conquest; and several of them had been distinguished for military spirit and prowess.

Myles Standish inherited in a pre eminent degree the

family talent, and being compelled to seek his fortune, chose the profession of arms, and served with the army sent by Queen Elizabeth to the assistance of the Dutch in their struggle against Spain. At Leyden he fell in with the Pilgrims, and was induced by the love of adventure, no less than an admiration of their principles, to join them in their emigration to America.

He was a passenger in the May-Flower, with his wife and daughter; the former of whom (Rose Standish) died during the first winter, and the latter (Lora Standish) before her father, as shown by the following extract from his will. " My will is, that out of my whole estate, my funeral charges to be taken out, and my body to be buried in a decent manner; and if I die in Duxburrow, my body to be layed as near as convenient to my two dear daughters, Lora Standish, my daughter, and Mary Standish, my daughterin-law."

At the time of the conspiracy between the Paomet and Massachusetts Indians to cut off the colonists, Captain Standish's promptitude and bravery in killing the leaders were probably the salvation of the settlement; and his name was ever afterwards a word of terror to the savages.

After the settlement, the neighborhood of Duxbury and Kingston was allotted to Captain Standish, John Alden, Jonathan Brewster, and Thomas Prence, and the Hill, now called Captain's Hill, with the adjacent lands, became the portion of Standish. Here he built his house, and set himself to repose; here too, in 1656, he died, at the age of seventy-two, but his burial-place is unknown.

His house was burned down while occupied by his eldest son, but the underpining still remains to mark its site and form; and the old hearthstones with the blackened slabs, which formed the back of the fire-places, still stand in their places. The estate is now in the possession of James Hall, of Boston, who has collected quite a number of memorials of the original owner.

The good sword of Standish, and a kettle and dish said to have been his, are preserved in Pilgrim Hall, where is also an interesting memorial of Lora Standish, a wellwrought sampler, testifying to her piety as well as her skill in needlework.

"Look now to American Saxondom, and at that little fact of the sailing of the May Flower, two hundred years ago. It was properly the beginning of America. There were straggling settlers in America before; some material as of a body was there; but the soul of it was this: Those poor men, driven out of their own country, and not able to live in Holland, determined on sett.ing in the New World. Black, untamed forests are there, and wild, savage creatures; but not so cruel as a Star-Chamber hangman. They elubbed their small means together, hired a ship, the little May Flower, and made ready and set sail. Ha! these men, I think, had a work. The weak thing, weaker than a child, becomes strong if it be a true thing.

THOS. CARLYE