law provide for the cafe of removal, death, refignation, or inability, both of the Prefident and Vice-Prefident, declaring what officer fhall then act as Prefident; and fuch officer fhall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a Prefident fhall be elected.

The President fhall, at stated times, receive for his fervices, a compenfation, which fhall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he fhall have been elected; and he fhall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:

"I do folemnly fwear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of Prefident of the United States ; and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Conftitution of the United States."

Sect. 2. The Prefident fhall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the feveral ftates, when called into the actual fervice of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cafes of impeachment.

He fhall have power, by and with the advice and confent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators prefent concur; and he fhall nominate, and by and with the advice and confent of the Senate, fhall appoint ambaffadors, other public minifters and confuls, judges of the fupreme court, and all other officers of the United States, whofe appointments are not herein otherwife provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congrefs may by law veft the appointment of fuch inferior officers, as they think proper, in the Prefident alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

The Prefident fhall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recefs of the Senate, by granting commiffions which fhall expire at the end of their next feffion.

Sect. 3. He fhall from time to time give to the Congrefs imformation of the state of the Union, and recommend to their confideration fuch measures as he fhall judge neceffary and expedient: He may, on extraordinary occafions, convene both Houfes, or either of them; and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to fuch time as he fhall think proper: He fhall receive ambassadors and other public minifters: He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and fhallcommiffion all the officers of the United States.

Sect. 4. The Prefident, Vice-Prefident, and all civil officers of the United States, fhall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and mifdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.

Sect. 1. The judicial power of the United States, fhall be vefted in one fupreme court, and in fuch inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the fupreme and inferior court, fhall hold their offices during good behaviour; and fhall, at stated times, receive for their fervices, a compenfation, which fhall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

Sect. 2. The judicial power fhall extend to all cafes, in law and equity, arifing under this Conftitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which fhall be made, under their authority; to all cafes affecting ambaffadors, other public minifters, and confuls; to all cafes of admiralty and maritime jurifdiction; to controverfies to which the United States fhall be party; to controverfies between two or more states,

between a ftate and citizens of another ftate, between citizens of different ftates, between citizens of the fame ftate, claiming lands under grants of different ftates, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign ftates, citizens, or subjects.

In all cases, affecting ambaffadors, other public ministers, and confuls, and those in which a state fhall be party, the fupreme court fhall have original jurifdiction. In all the other cafes before mentioned, the fupreme court fhall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with fuch exceptions, and under fuch regulations, as the Congress fhall make.

The trial of all crimes, except in cafes of impeachment, shall be by jury: and such trial fhall be held in the state where the faid crimes fhall have been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial fhall be at fuch place or places, as the Congress may by law have directed.

Sect. 3. Treafon against the United States, fhall confift only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No perfon fhall be convicted of treafon unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the fame overt act, or on confession in open court.

The Congrefs fhall have power to declare the punishment of treafon : but no attainder of treafon fhall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the perfon attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

Sect. 1. Full faith and credit fhall be given, in each state, to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congrefs may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which fuch acts, records, and proceedings fhall be proved, and the effect thereof.

Sect. 2. The citizens of each state fhall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states.

A perfon charged in any ftate with treafon, felony, or other crime, who fhall flee from juftice, and be found in another ftate, fhall, on demand of the execu tive authority of the ftate from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the ftate having jurisdiction of the crime.

No perfon, held to fervice or labour in one ftate, under the laws thereof, efcaping into another, fhall, in confequence of any law or regulation therein, be dif charged from fuch fervice or labour; but fhall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom fuch fervice or labour may be due.

Sect. 3. New ftates may be admitted by the Congrefs into this union; but no new ftate fhall be formed, or erected within the jurifdiction of any other ftate; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more ftates, or parts of ftates, without the consent of the legiflatures of the ftates concerned, as well as of the Congrefs.

The Congress fhall have power to difpofe of, and make all needful rules and regulations refpecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States: and nothing in this conftitution fhall be fo conftrued, as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state.

Sect. 4. The United States fhall guarantee to every ftate in this union, a republican form of government; and fhall protect each of them against invafion; and on application of the legiflature, or of the executive (when the legiflature cannot be convened) against domestic violence.

ARTICLE V.

The Congrefs, whenever two-thirds of both Houses fhall deem it neceffary, fhall propofe amendments to this conftitution, or, on the application of the legisla tures of two-thirds of the feveral ftates, fhall call a convention for propofing amendments, which, in either cafe, fhall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as part VOL. I. C

of this conftitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the feveral states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be propofed by the Congrefs; provided, that no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one thoufand eight hundred and eight, fhall in any manner affect the firft and fourth claufes in the ninth section of the first article; and that no ftate, without its confent, fhall be deprived of its equal fuffrage

in the fenate.

ARTICLE VI

All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this conftitution, fhall be as va lid against the United States, under this constitution, as under the confederation.

This conftitution, and the laws of the United States which fhall be made in purfuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, fhall be the fupreme law of the land and the judges, in every ftate, fhall be bound thereby, any thing in the conftitution or laws of any ftate to the contrary, notwithstanding,

i

The Senators and Reprefentatives before mentioned, and the members of the feveral ftate legiflatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the feveral ftates, fhall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to fupport this conftitution; but no religious teft fhall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public truft under the United States.

The ratification of the conventions of nine ftates, fhall be fufficient for the establishment of this conftitution between the states fo ratifying the fame.

Done in convention, by the unanimous confent of the states prefent, the feventeenth day of September, in the

year of