state than the collected wisdom of its legislative bodies, drawn from all parts of the commonwealth! The right of disburing public money naturally resolves itself into the power of those who pay it, in all liberal governments. Even in Great Britain, the king never ventured a veto again t a money bill; and it is a hundred years or more since the British king forb de the passage of any bill. As the house of commons is called upon for supplies, the king does not question the propriety of parliamentay app.oprictions of money. But with us, who believe not in the "divine right of kings"-who are sure that "angels have not descended to govern us," the great republican principle involved is of the highest dignity. We cannot consent that one man shall set aside the ordinary legislative acts of 173, coming direct from the people and equally responsible as himself-that one shall command the current of the public expenditure of moneys raised by public taxation. The power to assess such taxes is of the same nature as that of disbursing them. The public good may be as well endangered by withholding, as in constraining, the payment of money. The sovereign power is shewn equally in either-and it is the will of the people of the United States that this sovereignty should have existence in their representatives, who are immediately accountable to them for the | use or abuse of it. Without this, they would be nofbetter, nor any worse, than those of France, when it was the custom of Englishmen to call Frenchmen "slaves" -because the "king wills it," was the formula of the laws; or those of Spain, wherein “I the king” settles all disputes, grapples all the public resources, and uses them at his own good pleasure. It was the duty of the people of France, and is the duty of those of Spain, to fill the king's treasury-but the heavenly right of the king to direct the expenditure of the money! to, either house, containing appropriations of money-all which the president thinks would make an excess of ten millions of dollars over the treasury receipts, unless the payment of the national debt be postponed, &c. Here we see that it is altogether a matter of money, a question of "sheer expediency"-that the constitutionality of the appropriation was 'rown in the back ground; that the velo was to restrain the will of the people, as expressed through those whom they had delegated to represent them in congress. This is conclusively proved by ten or eleven pages of statements which accompanied the message-all about money. We shall recapitulate them; and, while acquitting the president, personally, of all agency in getting them up, and regretting that he adopted them, must wonder at the "lugh-pressure" principle of them, and the gross blunders that abound to swell their aggregate to nearly the "ten millions," which he president speaks of 1. An account of the state of the treasury-shewing the probable receipts and demands upon it in the year 1830. 2. A statement of the appropriations made by bills which had passed both houses, up to the 17th May, 1830. The general aggregate was $11,938,505-being less than the usual amount. This included all the ordinary appropriation bills, with 367,112 dollars for the improvement of harbors and rivers, and 296,800 for surveys and internal improvements-both which were suffered to die “a natural death,” if we remember correctly, for want of the president's signature. 3. Bills depending on amendments between the two houses-436,544 dollars; of which there was in the "light house bill" 394,544-which bill, also, the president refused to sign, though it was passed. 83,000 for the public buildings, 75,000 to improve the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and many small items. 5. A statement of certain lands "contemplated by bills before congress, to promote certain improvements." We do not see what this matter had to do with the state of the treasury or the Maysville road bill. 6. Bills that have passed the house and were pending in the senate-376,685 dollars. The Maysville road bill, ($50,000), was included in this aggregate. 7. Bills in the senate that had not passed that body5,784,127 dollars: thus made up-5,000,000 as indemnity for French spoliations-500,000 to the Delaware and Raritan canal-275,000 to the Baltimore and Ohio rail road; leaving only 159,127 dollars to all other propositions. We must think that no individual expected the This is a plain, practical, republican view of the sub4. Bills pending that would probably become lawsjeet-it is the view which the governor of Pennsylvania 1,197,366 dollars. In this amount was included 500,000 has taken of it; but which, it is hardly possible for us dollars for removal of the Indians, &c. 172,815 for the to believe, presented itself to the mind of president Jack-engineer, ordnance and Q. M. general's departments, son, when he placed his veto on the Maysville road bill-for if it had, he must have thought himself specially delegated by DIVINE PROVIDENCE to "protect the people from themselves." We cannot-dare not-impute a notion so proposterous to a president of the United States. And, though that message had but little of the straight-forwardness of gen. Jackson-though it says much about the constitutionality of such appropriations, neither affirming nor denying such constitutionality, and discusses a variety of topics, relevant or irrelevant, to the question at issue, as if to conceal under a cloud of words the disputed points still it is manifest, as we shall shew below, that the main objection to the passage of the bill was founded on "SHEER EXPEDIENCY," and nothing else. And, in the sessions of 1823-4 and 1824-5, gen. Jack-five million bill to pass at that session! son, being a member of the senate, voted, we believe, for every like appropriation bill that came up for decision"in the teeth" of the "state-rights"-members from Virginia, &c. and against Mr. Van Buren and Mr. Branch, now members of his "cabinet," but supported by Mr. Eaton, now secretary of war. The national debt was then much greater than it is now-the means of the country for its prompt liquidation less abundant; yet so he voted, and felt no doubt on the mind of any man as to his opinion on the constitutionality of such appropriations, or of his belief in the propriety and expediency of them. And it is hazarding nothing to sy, that, if he had not so voted, he would not now have been the chief magistrate of these United States. Among the bills passed, his vote being recorded in the affirmative, was one authorising a subscription to the stock of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. That part of the veto message which clearly shews the quo animo that influenced the president, follows the paragraph in which he says-"anxious that my constituents should be possessed of my views, on this, as well as on all other subjects, I shall state them frankly and briefly." Then succeeds a paragraph about a “livers on of the funds set apart for the payment of the national debt," the state of the treasury, and a reference to the bills which had passed, or were then before, or reported *This article was prepared three or four weeks ago. lars. In this list is included 100,000 dollars for the 8. Bills that have passed the senate-1,275,201 dolLouisville and Portland canal, and 90,000 for the Rockville turnpike road-neither which bills, though they passed both houses, were approved by the president. 9. Bills in the house of representatives, not yet passed either house-2,085,271 dollars. In this amount is ineluded 60,000 for the Charleston rail road;-115,000 for repairs of the Cumberland road; 250,000 for public ware houses; 67,980 claims of James Monroe; 56,647 rail road from Baltimore to Wilmington; 120,000 Blackstone canal company; 200,000 Delaware and Hudson canal; 100,000 Mrs. Decatur's claim; 51,000 Morris canal; 30,000 Savannah canal company; 100,000 Wheeling and Belmont bridge. Of this whole statement, the bills that passed probably did not amount to more than 2 or 300,000 dollars. We have also a recapitulation of these bills that were pending in either house, or had not at all been acted on, as follows: Appropriations in bills that had passed the Senate Appropriations in bills that had passed the house 1,275,201 376,856 *This is not, perhaps, the most correct term that could be used-but it is the mildest. The items put down are true, but the 'crences deducible from them are abusive of the public intelligence. Appropriations in bills in the senate, not yet Which deducted from the 9,471,284 dollars above stat 5,734,127 ed, leaves only 3,274.017 dollars, as small an amount as ever, perhaps, of what we shall call, (for distinction 2,085,271 sake), speculative bills, remained over at a long session of congress, for several years past. Thus dwindles the terrific amount of 9,471,284 dollars into an ordinary affair.* 9,471,284 The "high pressure" alluded to is in putting every thing into the aggregate, however dark or distant the prospect of an appropriation being made-such as the five millions for claims against France, descending even to items of 40 or 50 dollars for a pension, the apprehension of a post-office robber, claims without a name, horses lost, and many other two-penny things. We shall show the "gross blunders,” The following items are all duplicated in these statements-indeed, we think that some of them may be counted three times, for the aggregate! It was a shame to present such a paper to the president of the United States. Pay interpreter in Louisiana, In the session of 1829-30, the sum of 851,000 dollars was appropropriated for fortifications. What would have been thought of any intelligent member of congress who should have objected to such appropriation, because that, besides the mighty sums yet needed to complete the fortifications actually commenced, the secretary of war reported, at the same session, that 11,726,948 dollars will be required for other works contemplated? Might not some assurance, as to the limit of appropria tions for internal improvements, be found in the practice of congress from the beginning? By a table inserted in page 112, it appears that the whole amount paid $2,335 for these objects, since the organization of the govern32,324 ment to 21st December, 1850, was only $5,510,930— 100 2,443,420 of which was on account of the Cumberland 950 road! Was it apprehended that no discretion remained 249 to guide the representatives of the tax-payers—that the strong arm of the executive must be interposed to correct the ignorance or prodigality of congress? Heaven 52,500 help the nation, when this shall be the case?-when the 200 will of the chief magistrate, on a question of expediency, 240 shall be applied to break down the will of a majority of the people, and of their delegates, constitutionally as6,136 sembled in congress. Citizens lost property by Indians, Expenses defending suit on part of U. S. by Pilot on board Vixen, Loss on light houses, &c. Prize money, E. Moore, &c. Appropriations engineer, ordnance and Q. Apprehension of pirate, Services exploring beyond Mississippi, Boat captured by enemy, &o. Houses injured, Property destroyed, Do. Do. 380 At the late session, the president signed the general 30 bill appropriating large sums of money for the improve130 ment of harbors and removing obstructions at the mouths 165 of rivers; also a bill appropriating much money to cer3,758 tain roads and other works of internal improvement, 16,400 among which was the sum of 200,000 dollars for im168 proving the navigation of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, 1,500 though at the former session he had refused his sanction 230 of the appropriation to the Louisville and Portland canal, 161 round the falls of the Ohio. It will require a great 4,666 deal more acumen than we possess, to separate these 427 things in their principle. There is no difference in their 780 principle. Both were equally matters of "sheer expediency"-and of expediency only!-in which we cer172,815 tainly agree with gov. Wolf, that "the constitution never 245 contemplated" an exercise of the veto. This is repub50 lican ground-the only admissible ground in a free coun103 try, on which a chief magistrate may stand. 8,996 Of a matter of conscience-a well entertained doubt as 6,500 to the constitutionality of a bill submitted to the presi2,400 dent for his approbation, no reasonable and reflecting 755 man, who respects the obligation of an oath, will pre400 sume to speak except in the most delicate manner; for 45 the honest support of one's own opinion necessarily in1,344 volves a decent respect for that of every other man: but we 625 repeat it, that the house of representatives has the origi700 nal authority to place money in the treasury, and, with 650 the concurrence of the senate, must have the natural and 281 unalienable right to disburse it, being sole judges of 450 the expediency of their appropriations. It is thus in 41,500 Great Britain--thus in France, and in every other coun3,041 try having a representative body; and never until May 230 1830, was an opposing opinion entertained in the United 21,176 States. 83,000 As to the particular merits of the Maysville road bill, 41,321 we care nothing-but the Rockville road bill, being 4,565 within the original design of the Cumberland road, had 580 special claims to consideration. It was however, pus 86,000 upon the same footing, and its passage forbidden. Nor 750 does it matter whether the practice sanctioned for so 223 long a period, of appropriating money to assist in 1,200 making internal improvements, be expedient or not— 8,585 we insist upon it, that that expediency is a question for 1,025 the determination of the people and the states represent75,000 ed in congress, only. And whatever may be the opinion 9,085 *In his last annual message to congress he speaks of 1,197,367 internal improvements surveyed, or projected, which will cost ninety-six millions of dollars! Mr. Hemphill's 5,000,000 review of that message, in his report to the house of representatives, is admirable, and shall soon have an in Property destroyed, Now if to this we add only the forced item of five millions for claims on France We have 6,197,367 sertion. of the strongest stickler for what are called "state rights," the carriage, and injury thereby occurring to passengers, we think that there is no respectable and responsible the proprietors are liable, unless they can prove the acman who will dare meet the broad ground of the matter cident to have arisen from causes wholly without the under consideration, and assert a rightful power in the control of the driver. But it is not sufficient that the president to arrest the will of a majority of both houses agents of the proprietors are properly directed; they of congress, in the manner stated. No ministry that must carry their orders into execution. If a carriage ever existed in Great Britain could have remained in break down while upon a smooth road, the presumption power ten days after such a proceeding on the part of in law (as laid down by the judge) is, that it arose from the British king-for every true John Bull would have neglect on the part of the owner of the stage, and the asserted the right and power of parliament in the case; burden of proof lies with the stage proprietors to rebut and, whatever might be the opinions of individuals, all the charge. would have combined in asserting the "omnipotence of parliament."* We mean no personal disrespect to the president-we must feel certain that he was unaware of The odious features in the statements that we have refered to, and cannot do otherwise than believe that he yielded up his own judgment to the wishes of those round about him. [Galaxy. The result of this case is of great importance to the public, whether interested in stages as proprietors or passengers. Decisions have been made in England which have established the principle of responsibilities of stage and steam boat owners; but we have now for the first time a decisive opinion upon this subject, and learn the law in this commonwealth to be the same in this respect, as that of England. Accidents in steam boats and stages have become too frequent, and it is full time that the public are informed that the law will afford them some boat engineers. Loss of limb, or a maim for life, it is true, cannot be compensated by pecuniary restitution; but as great expense and loss of time are always attendant upon extensive injuries, k is some satisfaction to know that a remedy in law lies against the employer of reckless drivers. BRIEF NOTICES. GRAVITY OF THE LAW. We find the following report of a law case in an English paper. There is no putting one's finger in a pie without bringing the majes-relief against the carelessness of stage drivers and steam ty of the law into the exhibition. The king vs. Penny. This is one of those cases which shows the absurdity of the prevailing system in the administration of the law, that of employing a most cumbrous and costly machinery to the execution of a very trifling object. The court was occupied this day for nearly two hours in the investigation of a charge-a very solemn one, indeed—namely, the stealing of a piece of gooseberry pie by an urchin of 14 years of age. The indictment went on, in its solemn strain, to set forth, that Thomas Penny, late of White Parish, laborer, on the 7th of June last past, in the 10th year of our sovereign lord king George the fourth, with force and arms, at the parish aforesaid, the dwelling house of John Batten, there situate, lying and being, feloniously did break and enter, and one piece of pudding, of the value of one penny, and one half a pint of gooseberries, of the value of one penny, of the goods and chattles of the said John Batten, in the same dwelling house, then and there feloniously did steal, take, and carry away. Such was the indictment. The boy was found guilty," The Susquehannah. From what we see stated, it is probable that the value of articles descending this river in the present year, may amount to about ten millions of dollars-the noble stream, except at the dams, having been in uncommonly good order for rafts and arks. The U. S. ship Peacock, capt. McCall, arrived at Boston from Havana, a few days since, with two of the pirates of the brig Orbit on board. The steam boats Tri-Color and Stranger have lately exploded on the western waters, by which more than twenty persous lost their lives-among them the captain of the former and ten of the hands of the latter. Those whose business it is to take care of the lives of others, will be taught the necessity of attending to their duty, by such terrible effects upon their fellows. INTERESTING LAW CASE. The following is from the "American Traveller," published at Boston, and we are Doings of editors. Joseph C. Melcher, editor of the glad to see the decision on the case. Persons are so Chillicothe Evening Post, has been sent to the penitenoften treated as "live lumber" by the proprietors of tiary for three years, for stabbing, with intent to maim, stages and steam boats, that every man injured performs J. F. Woodside; and Jacob Eliott, editor of the Kena public duty in bringing them to "judgment." The in-tucky Statesman, lately shot George Roberts, a memjury in the present instance, was caused by the nut of one ber of the legislature. The quarrels originated in poli front wheel coming off, which it was within the power of tics, though all the parties were of the same creed! the proprietor or driver to have prevented. Important to stages owners. An interesting case was on Monday decided in the supreme court of this state, sitting in this city. It was a prosecution against the proprietors of the Boston and Providence Citizens' line. The plaintiff took passage in one of their coaches, and on Boston neck, was overturned, thrown under the carriage, had his leg severely fractured and was otherwise injured. An action for damages resulted yesterday, in a verdict for the plaintiff of fifteen hundred dollars." The counsel for the defendants argued that the overturning of the coach was an accident, which no care could have avoided, and the injury was owing to the carelessness of the plaintiff, Collon twine. The Mobile Register mentions a sample of very handsome bagging twine, fabricated from cotton, which possesses great strength, and appears to have every other requisite for the purposes intended to be served. [Had'nt we better import twine from England or the East Indies?] The "Odd Fellows" of Baltimore, celebrated their anniversary in this city on Tuesday last, and dedicated their new and magnificent hall, in Gay street. About 500 were computed to be in the procession, with their banners and other ornaments; and made a very respectable and imposing show. One oration was delivered in Trinity church by James L. Ridgeley, esq. and another after the dedication of the hall, by T. Y. Walsh, esq. The number of this association in Baltimore is said to exceed 1500. Daniel H. Miller, esq. late a member of congress from Pennsylvania, and president of the bank of Penn township, died suddenly at his house in Penn township [Philadelphia] on Sunday night last, in the 48th year of his age. He was a worthy man. The judge in his charge very clearly pointed out the responsibilities of the proprietors of stages. They are bound to prepare proper accommodations for passengers; to have good and sufficient coaches, horses, harness and drivers to keep them always in such repair that full dependance can properly be placed upon them-and in ease of the overturning of the coach, running away of the horses, breaking of the harness, or breaking down of Governor Don. The Washington Telegraph con*The incomprehensible explosion of the "cabinet,'tains a correspondence between A. P. Hayne, U. S. weeks after this article was prepared, may have had its navy agent at Gibraltar, and governor Don, the comorigin in the Maysville road message-or rather in the mander of that fortress, which does the latter much principle assumed in it. It is well known that it alarm- honor. It appears that during a storm which occurred ed many of the original and best personal friends of the on the 16th January last, the U. S. sloop of war Boston, president, and cast him for support chiefly on those who lying in the bay of Gibraltar, lost three of her anchors, had been his original and most bitter opponents-the and the navy agent having been unable to procure old "radical" or "Crawford party." others at private sale, represented her eritical situation 150 to the governor, with a request that she might be fur-1 nished with anchors from the king's arsenal." Immediately on the receipt of the letter, the governor directed that the anchors should be supplied without delay, which was accordingly done, and the safety of the ship thereby secured. man Mahon. On the second day of the election, Mr. FRANCE. The speech of the president of the council, Casimir new credit of one hundred Perrier, on applying for Abolishment of imprisonment for debt. The serate of millions, was considered warlike. Immediately on takthe New York legislature passed the bill for this pur-ing his seat, the deputies crowded around him, and M. pose to a third reading on Friday week. Two amend- Manguin is said to have asked him if it was true that ments were made to it as passed by the house of assem- 50,000 men of the confederation of the Rhine were marchbly. One, postponing the operation of the law in re-ing against the Luxembourg. The president of the counference to all debts now contracted, till the 1st of cil replied, that "France was preparing to support unMarch, 1832; the other is-making persons who may der all circumstances, her pretensions either in the north receive the goods of fraudulent debtors, with the intent or south." to defraud any creditor, liable to the punishment provided in the bill for fraudulent debtors themselves. The Pennsylvania legislature postponed the consideration of the same subject for the present. Large and valuable cargo.-The British ship Marchioness of Queensbury, takes to Liverpool the largest cargo ever shipped from Charleston. Her exports, are 2,252 bales of cotton, making 704,542 lbs. and valued at $72,000, in addition to 300 barrels of turpentine. Mr. Madison has given one hundred dollars to the African Colonization society. FOREIGN NEWS. Since our last there have been two arrivals at New York from England bringing London advices of the evening of the 31st of March. ENGLAND. The "reform bill" has undergone two discussions in the house of lords. The first discussion was opened on the 28th March, by lord Wharncliffe, who moved the presentation of certain papers. In answer to certain observations made by him, earl Grey stated that nothing short of a restoration of a proper influence of the people in the house of commons would satisfy their expectations, or meet his wishes. Lord Sidmouth and the earl of Eldon considered it out of order to discuss a Lord chancellor bill which was not upon the table. Brougham thought it strange that the lords opposed to reform should sit patiently for two hours listening to a speech against the bill, and never find out that the discussion was out of order until one of its friends rose to Lord Durham, the duke of Richmond, support it. lord Plunkett and the lord chancellor each advocated the measure. The duke of Wellington replied to them, and was himself replied to by lord Grey. The discussion was renewed on the 30th, when lord Farnham took occasion to declare his utter dissent to the whole plan of ministerial reform. Fle was replied to by earl Grey. The question of a dissolution of parliament was still unsettled, and it was said would depend upon the fate of the "reform bill." Should that be rejected, its dissolution would immediately take place. In reply to a question put in the house of commons on the 30th, relative to the Spanish refugees at Gibralter, lord Palmerston declared that the relations between England and Spain were of the most amicable kind, and that the governor of Gibraltar had been directed to enforce the fortress regulation, which prohibited foreigners from residing there without a special permission from the secretary of the colonies. The chancellor of the exchequer had brought forward a motion authorising the king to issue exchequer bills to the amount of £50,000, for temporary relief in Ireland. Mr. C. W. Wynn had vacated the seat of secretary of war, and his place was filled by sir Henry Parnell. IRELAND. Mr. Stanley had introduced a bill to amend the representation of Ireland. It gives five additional members. It had undergone considerable discussion, and been ordered to a second reading on the 18th of April. The famine in many parts of Ireland was truly distressing. A meeting had been held in London, at which the lord mayor presided, to devise temporary means of relief. Several persons had died from starvation; and, in the parish of Westport alone, there were on the 24th of March 31,904, persons wholly destitute of food. The Journal des Debats contained the following, which, it is said, may be considered official. "The Austrians entered Bologna on the 20th." "The provisional government and the Italian patriots always intended to retire at the approach of the enemy, for the purpose of not exposing an open city to the horrors of war." Mr. Maurice O'Connell, the son of the member for Waterford, had been elected a member of parliament to represent the county of Clare, in the room of Mr. O'Gor-] "All who were capable of bearing arms retired to the Appenines, the passes of which could be easily made the seat of a desperate resistance." "It appears that the entrance of the Austrians had been determined by the enterprise of the patriots, who, according to a letter from Vienna, had attempted on the 9th of March an attack upon Rome, from which they were repulsed.” "We are assured that a diplomatic note has been addressed to the Austrian cabinet to announce that France will not tolerate a longer residence of the Austrians in Bologna." An express had arrived in London from Paris, and it was understood that the French minister will invite tenders of 15,000,000 de rente, or 300,000,000 franes of capital. The London Courier denies the right assumed by Austria to interpose for the protection of the Italian states; regrets that it has by its interference given the French reasonable pretext for war. It also considers that presisted in, may lead to calamitous rethe Austrian government has shewn a disregard of good faith, which, sults to Europe. The new French ministry were taking strong measures of precaution to preserve internal tranquility. They have commenced their labors by seizing upon the press, as in the early days of July. La Quotedienne, La Tribune and La Revolution, have been seized at the instance of the king's attorney general, for having dared to give utterance to liberal sentiments. The president of the council in a sitting of the deputies on the 28th of March, declared that the present government of France were disposed to maintain the relations of peace, but that it wished to be placed in a position to be prepared for the alternative of war, and. therefore, demanded authority to raise, in the event of France going to war, 100,000,000 of francs. The amount required to meet the exigencies of peace is but 50,000,000 francs. He begged the chamber to see "only in these measuses of precaution-an extreme vigilance--one which re assumes all the interests represented there." "The inquietude of these interests, he said, proceeded from the doubts entertained upon the resolution of goverument; upon the conditions of peace which they desired, and upon the chances of the war, to which some thought they would be reduced. Let us prove to them, said he, that leaving nothing to hazard in our preparatious of strength, we leave nothing equivocal in our guaranties of peace." An article under date of Paris, March 29th, represents that the most deplorable distress reigned in all branches of trade. One hundred and thirteen bankruptcies had been counted, and innumerable others were on the eve of being declared. General Clausel has arrived at Toulon from Algiers. A charge d'affaires from the United Italian States, had arrived at Paris. Petitions were daily presented to the king of the French, in favor of the Poles and Italians, urging him to aid them in their sacred struggle for liberty. Chateaubriand had written a pamphlet to promote the cause of Henry V. but so far no printer had been found to publish it. SPAIN. Several bands of the constitutionalists had been captured, and a supplement to the Lisbon Gazette asserts that the discomfiture of the whole of the constitutionalists had been effected. Accounts from Madrid of the 18th March state, that the Spanish government had received a despatch from the captain general of Estramadura, announcing the arrival of count de Bourmont at Badajos, on his way to Madrid, to consult with the Spanish ministry for the establishment of the regency of Henry the 5th in Spain, as well as for the approaching arrival of the dutchess of Berri and her son the captain general notified to count Bourmont that they would not be permitted to proceed to Madrid, but must go to Portugal. A military commission had been appointed at Madrid, owing to the critical situation of that town, caused by the great number of inhabitants from the various provinces taking refuge in Madrid. PORTUGAL. Don Miguel has again resumed his executions. He had gratified his cruel appetite for the spilling of human blood by causing seven respectable, and, doubtless, innocent individuals, inhabitants of Lisbon, to be executed in the most cruel and murderous manner. A majority of their judges declared them innocent, that there was no evidence made out of crime for which they ought to suffer death. To this Don Miguel returned for answer that they were constitutionalists and should suffer death, and purposely left town for Mafra, 24 miles from Lisbon, to prevent solicitations for pardon. It is asserted that the duke of Cadaval, on his knees, implored his majesty to pardon or even respite them; he left the room in a violent passion, declaring that they should suffer at the time appointed. The manner of their execution is almost too horrible for particular narration. They were executed on the 15th of March; and to the last moment declared their entire innocence. Others had been transported. BELGIUM. the Russians with great fury; and it is stated that new LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Approving of the bill, entitled "An act to continue the GENTLEMEN:-The bill, entitled "An act to continue the improvement of the state by canals and rail roads," has been in my possession since the 12th instant, and has received that deliberate consideration to which the magnitude and importance of its provisions entitle it, and which our constituents had a right to expect it would The greatest alarm pervaded the town of Brussels on receive before it should be approved and become a law. the 28th of March. Á horde of miscreants, who, it was In the message transmitted to the two houses at the said, had been paid by well known individuals, had been opening of the present session of the legislature, the prolet loose upon the town, and were committing the most priety of confining the appropriations for objects of indisgraceful acts of disorder and pillage. Reports external improvement for the current year to the connectisted of an Orange complot of conspiracies at Brussels ing links of the main route from Philadelphia to Pittsand Antwerp. A colonel Borremens, in a drunken ca- burgh, with a view to complete a connected line of rousal, had proclaimed his intention of proceeding to communication between those two important points, meet the prince of Orange with his regiment. He had was pressed upon the attention of the legislature, from been arrested and made some revelations implicating an honest conviction on my part that the substantial inothers. His regiment had planted a tree of liberty, mal-terests, as well as the true policy of the commonwealth treated some of their officers, and marched to the prison would be best promoted by pursuing that course. where their colonel was confined, and demanded his life. that, at most, in addition to the completion of the main Order was restored on the 29th, though the people were line, the north and west branch divisions of the canals still without confidence. On this day the congress met should be extended into the coal regions towards which and elected its officers. Several arrests had been made, they severally tend, in order that the utility and public and amongst the rest general Nypels. The overthrow advantages of these several public works might be testof the present government was spoken of, as also the es-ed at as early a period as possible, and that they might Lablishment of a republic. The prince of Saxe Coburg was to be proposed in the congress of Belgium as monarch. A Brussels paper states that a heavy cannonading had been heard in the direction of Ghent and Antwerp-the cause had not been ascertained. A change of ministry was about to take place; the resignation of the minister of war had been accepted. The council it appears were divided on the subject of peace or war, but it was not as certained that the ministerial change resulted from this circumstance. POLAND. And soon be made to contribute, in some measure, to the increase of the revenue of the state. The commencement of any new project of improvement was at the same time deprecated and considered, then as now, as being entirely impolitic; as tending to embarrass and delay the operations of the government in completing any portion of the public works, and as manifestly calculated to produce an effect which, instead of infusing confidence into the public mind, that some advantages will be speedily realized by the public, and that the treasury will soon receive some return from these improvements, as an earnest that the sums which have from time to time been drawn from it have not been expended in vain, would tend to dampen the ardor with which our citizens were heretofore animated in favor of, and to impair their confidence in, a system of improve ments which, if conducted upon right principles, would not fail to inspire both. It would appear that since the last advices, the army of Deibitsch thought more of its own safety than any thing else. The Messager des Chambres of the 23d March, states that provisions had failed, the roads were impracticable, and that the Russian army were perishing by degrees. Already says this print, it flies the environs of Praga, leaves its positions in all quarters, even But although such were, and still continue to be, the abandoning its artillery in many places. General convictions of my own mind, a majority of the legislaKreutz and prince Adam de Wurtemburg saved them-ture has thought proper to pursue a different course, selves by post-horses. The thaw of the Vistula had and to authorise, by the bill now under consideration, greatly increased the wretched condition of the Russian the commencement of two new routes of caual, of no army. General Dwernicki is represented as pursuing inconsiderable magnitude, (should they be carried to |