The rioters took twenty barrels of powder from the IRELAND. A large quantity of flour imported from Liverpool into Newry, had been seized by the custom house offi cers of the latter place, on the supposition that it was of American manufacture. A point had been raised on whom the onus probundi lay. The millers of Newry had taken the opinion of a Mr. Holmes, an eminent lawyer, who had decided that the proof that flour im ported is of a British growth and manufacture, lies on the importer. he gave orders, for his troops to pass to the right bank of the Narew, which was effected on the evening of the 25th May, in good order. The rear guard under general Lubienski covering the passage of the army on the heights of Zekun and Lawy. In the morning of the 26th, the Russians attacked his positions with great impetuosity, under Deibitsch in person. General Lubienski retreated upon Ostrolenska, making a most vigorous resistance. His march was stopped by the city itself, which was set on fire by the mortars of the enemy. Having succeeded in passing to the right bank of the Narew, the Polish army attempted to destroy the bridge. This they were unable to effect, as the enemy were protected by a nu- There had been some slight disturbances in Queen's merous artillery placed on the opposite bank. Several county, which were aggravated by the police being per regiments of the Poles, under a most galling fire, attempt-mitted to fire into the people. In this county, provi ed to arrest the progress of the Russians. The combat was sions are abundant and cheap, potatoes being sold for a for a long time one of slaughter-they fought man to man, penny a stone. This is mentioned as being singular, i and thousands were killed by being thrown into the as much as there were 150,000 persons said to be fadyke which passes along the marshy shore of the Narew. mishing in Mayo and Connomaro, not more than sixty The Russians, it is stated in the official bulletin of Skrzy-miles distant. necki, towards night became exhausted and retired across O'Connell left Dublin on the 1st June, for Limerick, the river, leaving only some sharp shooters on the right to attend the commission in Ennis as counsel for the bank, who retrogaded as far as the bridge, the Poles people. There were 276 persons in Ennis and 57 in keeping possession of the field of battle. The battle did Galway, awaiting their trial; 14 had been sentenced to not finally end until 12 o'clock at night, when the Poles transportation for life, for administering unlawful oatha. commenced a retrogade movement on Pultusk, and sub- A deputation had arrived at Dublin from the Mayo ceu sequently to Warsaw. tral committee, to lay the state of the country before the government. All prosecutions for political offences had been abandoned. Emigration for America were never greater. The Journal des Debats states that several of the counties of Hungary have addressed representations to the emperor of Austria, in which they remind him of the services rendered to that country by Poland in the wars against the Turks, and of the great mistake committed by Austria, in permitting a country which protected her against Russia, to be sacrificed. They call also for the instantaneous revocation of the ordinances prohibiting the exportation of arms and provisions to Poland. BELGIUM. The English ambassador at Constantinople has com. The national congress at Brussels, on the 4th June, municated with his government, that the sublime porte elected prince Leopold king. He received 152 votes out had given instructions for the establishment of a strict of 196. There were 10 votes against him; 14 in favor blockade of that part of the coast of Albania which Les of the regent, baron Surlet de Chokier; 19 of the mem-within the Pashalick of Scutari, and of all the ports bers abstained from voting, and one vote was declared and harbors belonging to the same. null. ITALY. The oath to be taken by his royal highness, prescribes Paris, June S. Letters from Milan, of a very recent that he shall swear "to observe the constitution and date, speak of a treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, laws of the Belgian people, and to maintain the national between the new king of Sardinia and the Austrian goindependence and integrity of the territory," which in-vernment, by which the first is stated to place 60,009 cludes the province of Luxemburg. men at the disposal of the second. The same letters add, that there are at Milan twenty-five Austrian generals, who have been called together to receive the instructions of gen. Frimont, commander-in-chief of the army in Italy. The London Morning Herald says that the ministers of the great powers have signified to prince Leopold that they will not agree that he should give this pledge, inasmuch as they had determined upon conterring that province on Holland. In this determination, it appears, prince Leopold concurs, and that he will consequently POST-SCRIPT. Last evening's mail brought us Lon refuse the crown, when offered to him by the deputa- don advices down to the 18th June, inclusive. We can tion, who were expected in London on the 8th June.not do more than mention a few of the leading things It is said that lord Ponsonby had been instructed to break stated. off negotiations and quit Brussels. ENGLAND. Parliament had met, and Mr. Manners Sutton was reelected speaker without opposition. No important pro There had been serious disturbances among the work-ceedings had yet taken place. men in the iron manufactories of Glamorganshire, who had struck for higher wages, and turned out en masse, menacing the superintendents it their demand was not granted. The military were called out, but the insurgents greatly outnumbered them, and drove them with stones to the town of Methyr Tydvil, where they took refuge in the houses, and were still assailed in them. The soldiers were provoked to fire into the mob, by which 14 were killed and wounded. The militia could not be depended upon. The mayor and several soldiers were severely wounded. The marquis of Bute, lord lieutenant of the county, was on the spot, and immediately sent despatches to the home office. The rioters are said to amount to 9,000, and the killed and wounded to 62. Two of the ringleaders, who had been taken into custody, declared on their examination before the magistrates at Cardiff, that the insurrection would not be confined to Wales, but that arrangements had been made for the simultaneous rising in other manufacturing and mining districts of the kingdom. A large military force had arrived at the theatre of riot, but the insurgents showed no disposition to return to their laboa. Mr. McLane had declined a public dinner, previous to his return home, tendered by Americans in London, and has arrived at New York. Paris appears to be a place of riot and disorder-the national guard was often on duty to put down the riotous, and had so far succeeded. Some blood had been shed. The people were calling out that aid might be given to the Poles. Much agitation prevailed. It now seems probable, certain objections being waived, that prince Leopold will accept the crown of Belgium. The ex-emperor of Brazil and his family had arrived in England, and proceeded to France. It appears that the Polish army under gen. Chlapowski, gained a splendid victory on the same day that the bloody battle of Ostrolenska was fought--and have gained several other advantages. They have performed prodigies of valor. They are said to have fought a battle as bloody as that of Östrolenska, and completely defeated the Russians under gen. Sacken--and that the army of Deibitsch had suddenly, and precipitately fallen back. The hope is freely expressed, that the Russians will be expelled and Poland be free! LAUS DEO! FOURTH SERIES.] No. 23-VOL. IV. BALTIMORE, AUG. 6, 1831. [VOL. XL. WHOLE NO. 1,037. THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED, PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. The great length of Mr. Ingham's letter has exeluded many things prepared for this sheet, and forbid den a detailed notice of the foreign news received last evening-London papers of the 26th June having arrived at New York. The king opened parliament with a speech on the 21st June. The reform bill was read on the 24th, and ordered to a second reading on the 4th of July. France was tranquil. The news from Poland favorable-all was going on well. Deibitsch had been superseded in the command of the Russians, and is said to have died the next day of an upoplexy. The prices of flour and cotton had fallen, and the demand was dull. It was announced on Monday last-that Louis McLane, of Delaware, was appointed, by the president, secretary of the treasury-Martin Van Buren, of New York, minister plenipo. &c. to Great Britain, and Aaron Vail, of New York, secretary of legation to the same, in place of Washington Irvine, who had signified his wish to retire from that station. The general election in Kentucky and several other of the western states, took place last Monday. The polls are kept open three days in Kentucky. All parties are anxious to learn the result. Some of the returns may be expected in our next. From the elections so far as they have proceeded, it seems agreed that Mr. Mercer will be re-elected to congress from Virginia, and the venerable and good NewThe current volume, which takes in the "Cal-ton be restored to his old place, from the Norfolk dishoun correspondence" and all the important papers that have grown out of or followed it, with an extraordinary mass of other interesting matter-is already running "short," and will not be sold separately for a less sum than a whole year's subscription; but will yet be furnished to new subscribers who desire to commence with it, paying for a year-such being the rule in this office. The editor "returns thanks" for several flattering notices of him on the anniversary-and hopes that his "frolick" on that day will prove agreeable to many of his friends.* Mr. Ritchie is so angry, that I'm afraid he won't enlarge his paper to discuss the tariff question with me! trict. Princess Ann county, which in 1829 gave a majority of 2 against him, now gives a majority of 146 for him-200 votes more being polled in that county, (because of the extension of the elective franchise by the new constitution) than was ever given before. Mr. Stevenson has been re-elected. COL. RICHARD VARRICK-the venerable and the wor thy-the senior officer, we believe, of the revolutionary line in New York, died on the 30th July, in the 79th year of his age. His remains were interred with distinguished and well-deserved civil and military ho nors. A RICH PRIZE. The princess of Orange lost her jewels in a mysterious manner, about two years agoand, though large rewards were offered, no trace of them could be discovered. They were, however, particularly described, and it seemed probable that they would sometime be restored to the right owner of them. Mr. Ingham's letter to the president will command universal attention. It unfolds some curious incidents, and preters certain serious charges--but is rather vindicatory of himself; and does not much enlighten the public mind on the particular subject which now On the night of the 27th inst. Mr. Swartwout, the most interests the public feeling: but this is manifest, collector of the port of New York, having reason to that the time is rapidly approaching when we shall have suspect that smuggled jewels were deposited in a house a free translation of Mr. Van Buren's "retiracy" letter, in Pearl street, obtained a search warrant and proceedhitherto as incomprehensible as the mysteries of Isis, ex-ed to examine-they were compelled to break open the cept to the initiated; and we expect further develope- house, and there found the jewels stolen from the prinments, with sincere regret for the character of them-but, cess of Orange, which were immediately transferred and avoiding rude and rough statements of editors, we shall deposited in the Mechanic's bank. They are supposed feel obligated to preserve all such publications as are to be worth at least 100,000 dollars, and have been vouched for by names which ought to command the pub-identified by the chevalier Huygens, minister from Hollic respect. The exact period when Mr. Ingham was offered the mission to Russia, might establish an interesting fact concerning Mr. Randolph, contested in the public papers. The charges against the president of his privity to the contemplated proceedings of Mr. Eaton, &c. are grave ones--and we suppose will elicit an authorized replication. land. They were in the possession of an Italian named Carrara, who made his escape. Though these articles have been seized for a violation of our revenue laws, they will, no doubt, be given up because they were stolen. A large part of the jewels, however, is yet missing. Carrara, alias Polan, has since been taken. He is a fellow of wonderful address, and seems to have had much experience in making hair-breadth escapes-but POLITICAL ITEMS. Mr. Van Buren was at New York the well-laid plans of the New York police officers se waiting the arrival of Mr. McLane, and met him imme-cured him, after a severe chase and desperate struggle. diately after his landing. It is hoped that, through him, the rest of the articles may Mr. John S. Barbour, of Virginia, again a candidate be recovered-and that he must needs have had accompli for congress, has explicitly avowed that he is not a "nul-ces, or have been entrusted with the jewels by those lifier." who purloined them. They were a nuptial present of the emperor of Russia to his sister, on her marriage with the prince of Orange-and it was pretty loudly whispered that the prince himself had abducted them! At a meeting of national republicans at Columbus, Ohio, arrangements were made for sending delegates to the convention to be held at Baltimore, in December next. "THE RUINOUS TARIFF." We might produce an Among them was the following, drunk by a company hundred extracts from the speeches or writings of first of reapers in a wheat-field near Chillicothe-10. Heze-rate "free trade" gentlemen, to shew the terror that bekiah Niles. An old sickleman of twenty-years constant set them because that a protecting tariff would ruin appearance in "the field"--while cradlers on the Scioto can get a shirt and trousers loca day's work, they will hold to their faith in his doctrines of national economy, and continue practical believers in his true estimate of Jabor. VOL. XL.-No. 29. the revenue and render a resort to direct taxation indispensable to support the government-and latterly, and trom the same persons, the delightful hope that an abundant revenue will destroy the protecting tariff, and also preferring direct taxation as the most equita ble mode of supporting the national government!!! | first consideration when sales are made of commodities The South Carolina nullificators" are remarkable for at extraordinary prices; and never neglected when such such gross contradictions; as much so as on account of commodities, instead of being purchased by those who their topsey-turvey notions about "state rights.' A few design to consume them, are monopolised by speculayears since, the now high “nullifying" party, desperately tors + These latter have recently been the chief purresisted the election of judge Smith to the senate of the chasers of wool-the manufacturers only receiving so United States, because he did not think that all power much as seemed absolutely necessary to keep their was vested in the federal government-and latterly, they hands employed, because of the arbitrary and artificial wickedly turned the same judge Smith out of the senate price of the article. We have always held a strong tesfor not believing that all power remained in the state timony against such speculations, but without much hope governments! Mr. McDuffie, and his leading friends, of preventing them-and they must and will "regulate have whirled about these points like a te-to-tum; on two themselves," like such dealings in flour, tobacco, cotof the sides of which are marked T for "ake up," or P ton, &c. by which thousands have been, and thousands for "put down," as good management directs or as the will be, ruined. They often yield apparent profits to "wind blows;" which being at "north-east," the "dif- agriculturalists,—but, in general, do material injury to ference between a hawk and a handsaw" may be clearly society at large. Witness especially the many-the aldiscerned! Some of these days, when I have an hour most annual speculations that are made in flour, because or two to spare, I may take up my "documents" and of calculations on the foreign market--and the effects of treat the public to a hearty laugh at the gentlemen who them. Some farmers sell their wheat promptly, and are nullificating themselves. do well; others hold on for a yet higher price, and ob tain a much reduced one. Such are the laws of trade,' and we cannot change them. But it is always sate for producers to sell it selling for cash only, on a rising average. This practice will succeed the best nine times out of ten. The advance price for wheat last spring, probably resulted in a general loss to the farmers-for it is also a "law of trade" that when price is forced beyond the real worth of a commodity, the current being changed, it descends lower than it should do, by a natural reac tion. Every man's experience has taught him this-but how few are they who attend to n! The disposition to speculate seems implanted in almost every man's mindand great caution is requisite to keep it within due bounds. The following view of the prosperity of New York, which we copy from the Mercantile Advertiser, may be called common to all our chief places of commerce especially the other great seats of trade, Boston, Phila-market, if the price be considerably above the common delphia and Baltimore-which never were so flourish ing as now: demonstrating the fact which the friends of the AMERICAN SYSTEM SO confidently predicted, that the encouragement and protection of the domestic industry, by increasing the means of individuals to pur chase, would add to the revenue of the government. And, though the duties on several important articles have been reduced, it is said that, in this high tariff year, the income from the customs will be four or five millions greater than it was last year-and yet so many new buildings were never going up in the United States, nor was money ever so abundant as at this time-never was the hum of industry more loud, nor its prosperity so great in the republic, as under the ruinous operations of the tariff laws! The price of wool was too high-that is, higher than the manufacturers could afford to pay for it. I know several manufacturers who sold to speculators the wool of their own flocks-clearly foresceing that either the From the New York Mercantile Advertiser. price must decline, or the operations of their factories "When we contemplate the immense amount of re- be checked. Events might happen in Europe to advenue collected here, we naturally think of the extent Vance the price of wool and cloths-but unless they of our foreign commerce-the large fleets of vessels should, or the dunes levied on cloths were more ho which crowd our wharves-the numerous enterprising fo- nestly paid, wool, imported in cloth, would lessen the reigners who flock to our city, and our own merchants 100, price of the home production, or compel the manufac from every quarter of our extended republic, seek here turers to shut up their mills; perhaps partially effect a market for their produce, and supplies for their con both, to the general njury of the country, in throwing sumption. When we contemplate our rivers, canals, and many persons out of their usual employments-and so roads, all leading to this metroplis, and the facilities af- render labor less profitable. Wool, however, mainforded thereby for the transportation of produce and tais a high price, and we heartily wish that it may steadimerchandize and added to all, the capital and enter-ly hold it, until the product of our flocks shall fully prise of our own merchants, we cannot refrain from feel-equal the demand; and then we shall have less of specu ing an inward satisfaction at the prosperity of our city, lation to embarrass and distract the industry of our and predicting that at no very future day, New York, in population and in wealth, will outstrip the most sanguine anticipations of her citizens, and that she will, in all probability, before another century passes, rank among the first, if not the very first of cities in the world." people. We chiefly desire REGULARITY in the market. We care less whether six or sixteen per cent. is made on capital vested in lands or factories, than that pro prietors should know what they may reasonably calculate on. Here is the best guarantee of prosperity--the best assurance of profit; because that every prudent man, to use a trite saying, "cuts his coat according to his cloth.” And in respect to wool, this principle is manifest-that, in proportion as the manufacturer flourishes, so does the farmer obtain good prices. In the present state of things, it is just as possible to separate the interests of man and wite, as these two kindred employments. The time may come when the profits of one may clash with those of the other, in the Unned States-but the present geaeration will hardly see it. It cannot happen until land becomes inaccessible to the industrious poor: then the principle of monopoly, involved in capital, may have con-effect--as well on land as on labor, and bear equally on either; the landlord exacting high rents, or the proprietor of a factory cheap labor--as in England and other European countries. WOOL AND ITS MANUFACTURES. The price of this important article has a little declined, as every one foresaw that it must, when the speculators should begin to give way. We have several times cautioned the farmers on this matter, and hope that none of them have a pound of wool to sell-provided they have obtained the cash for the product of their flocks, which should always be a The price is still very high. The following is extracted from the Prices Current of the Boston Courier, of the 30th ult. There had been heavy sales for sumption-say 50,000lbs. in the preceding week. do three-fourth, do do do Prime or Saxony fleeces, per lb. 75 a 85 1-4 and common Superfine pulled, lambs Saxony, clean Spanish sheep, RF&S do. latnbs Smyrna, fine washed Buenos Ayres 85 The high price of wool in Europe, in part caused by the mighty armies that have been recently raised and requiring new clothing, has had a considerable action on the price in America--seeing that our wool-growers are efficiently protected," though such protection dos not always advance prices-wool being very low in + The growers of grain too often feel the foree of this remark. on the subject, we see that earnest efforts are making, by politicians, to separate the interests of the woolgrowers from those of the manufacturers, and ruin both, that party may triumph! There are men like the witch in the fable, who disturbed "all h-" because "she had lost her little dog," that would bargain with "Satan for a seat upon his throne of fire"--many who have assumed the character of friends of "free trade" in the middle and western states, that their political dominion may prevail, themselves being bountifully provided from the public party-purse. Take the following extracts from the "Albany Argus" of the 18th ult. to shew how this thing is working:* 1829. It may be generally observed, that the duty intended to be levied on raw wool is fairly paid-it cannot be more than partially avoided, because of the bulk and easily ascertained weight and quality of the article: but the intended reciprocity of protection to favor the manufacturers of wool, it is well known, is extensively evaded. The article below, copied from the "New York Evening Journal" is interesting on these points, and shews how wool may readily be imported almost free of duty. We wish the assertion carefully marked,--that our manufacturers of wool, because of the more extensive use of machinery, perform the labor of making cloth very nearly as cheap as it is performed by the half-starved and severely-worked operatives in England, and that the chief part of the advanced cost of making a yard of cloth, so far as it fairly exists, is more in the extra cost of the materials than in the manipulations of them. The tariff then is rather for the benefit of revenue on certain articles, or the protection of wool-vent the advance, or to reduce the price of wool; did not growers and indigo planters, than to give profit to the ma- the members of the convention enter into such combinufacturers: but each part belongs to a system, which, to be nation; and have not its consequences been already felt generally advantageous, should unite every interest-by the farmer and wool-grower? not only those named, but the growers of wheat, by an enlarged home market in consequence of the diversity of employments afforded. But all such British cloths as sell in our market at from 3 to 4 dollars, are either fraudulently imported--yield an enormous profit or in-short, a political convocation?" cur an actual loss, to the owners of them. We shall demonstrate this with great simplicity. All cloths costing more than 50 cents a square yard in foreign countries and not exceeding one dollar, are deemed to cost one dollar, and are subject to a duty of 45 per cent. on that valuation. All cloths costing more than one dollar the square yard in foreign countries, and less than two dollars and an half, are deemed to have cost two dollars and an half the square yard, and are subject to a duty of of 45 per cent. on that valuation. Cloth costing 6s. 9d. the running yard, 6-4 wide, exactly reach the dollar minimum. All costing more than 68. 9d. are subject to the two and an half dollar mini mum. Then 1 yard of cloth at 6s. 9d. sterling, equal to Duty on 1 square yards at 45 per cent. ad val. Freight and all other charges, say Cents. 150 67 32 250 And if the cloth sells for only 34 dollars, there is a clear profit of seventy-five cents on every yard! On the other hand "Are the farmers of this country advised of what were the real objects of the convention of manufacturers recently held in the city of New York? "Were not its objects political and mercenary? "Was it not another of the objects of the convention to advance the interests of Mr. Clay to the presidency; and was not much of the labor of the convention, in and out of doors, directed to this object? Was it not, in The editor of the "Argus" is chief usher in the noncommittal school. It is his business to insinuate what he DARES not affirm. The morality of such a course might well be questioned, if taught in any other than that school--but “all's fair in politics" with its precious disciples! I dare the editor of the Argus to put himself on the veracity of the things meanly hinted in his queries. There is not the shadow of a truth in them-and I must believe that he knows it. It otherwise, let us have his proof-these matters are too important to have been transacted "in a corner. "" 1 attended that convention, and had free and frequent communications with its members, in their public or private meetings, whether for business or friendly intercourse, and pronounce it FALSE, that political considerations were introduced to influence gentlemen. Indeed, because the convention was made up of persons of mixed politics, a restraint seemed to be laid which prevented even those common remarks which abound in almost every gathering of private individuals. pronounce it false that any project "to prevent the advance or reduce the price of wool" was entertained; and that any part of the in or out-door labors of the "convocation" were directed to advance the interests of Mr. Clay to the presidency. The object of the meeting was boldly and frankly avowed--to prevent frauds on the revenue, and so secure to wool growers and the manufacturers that protection which the law intended to give them; and it was more than once stated, that the interest of the two were inseparable. No "trifle light as air" was passed on that could, by any possibility, be construed into either of the points insinuated by the editor of the "Argus," And hence we inevitably arrive at the conclusion--with whether in public or private--in the body of the conalmost as much moral certainty as that the sun shines vention, or in social communication, to the best of my when it is day, that all British cloths, selling at about belief. I heard not a word said to have effect on the 3 dollars a yard, are fraudulently imported: AND THIS price of wool-though its high price was casually DESCRIPTION OF CLOTHS AT ONCE MAKE UP THE CHIEF mentioned as productive of present injury to the manuAMOUNT OF THE IMPORTS, AND ARE THOSE WHICH DI-facturers, and future harm to the farmers: but it was RECTLY INTERFERE WITH THE BUSINESS OF THE WOOL also said, that these things must and would regulate GROWERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF THE UNITED STATES themselves. So much for the late convention at New --PRODUCING ALL THE MISCHIEF THAT HAS LATTERLY York, of which I am bound to speak the truth, having BEEN COMPLAINED OF BY EITHER. A statement of been invited to a seat therein.† these plain facts appeared indispensably necessary to a due consideration of the important subjects before us. With these truths before the public--and which are, or should be, familiar to every one pretending to write 1 yard of cloth at 98. sterling, equal to Freight and charges as before 200 *1683 4004 And if this cloth is sold at even four dollars the yard, the owner must lose on every yard of it. This high rate of duty was intended to secure the home market for the benefit of our wool growers and manufacturers--because that our wool was thought just fitted to supply the quality of cloths being between the minimums, of 100 and 250 cents; and if the duty was really and honestly paid, it would prohibit the importation of such cloths as sell for from 3 to 4 dollars a yard. But the duty on cloths costing 138. 6d. the yard, is no more than on those which are one farthing above 6s. 9d. The affiliated presses, OF COURSE, abound in like articles The bell-sheep cries out "baa!-And all the throng, "Ewes, lambs, rams, wethers, bellowing roll along." The profligacy of the things hinted at in the Argus, is shewn in the published proceedings of the convention. The agriculturalists, mechanics and manufacturers are invited to form state societies, with a view to the organization of a "national association." Now, however well it may suit the "Argus" and other papers of its caste, to put down the manufacturers as rogues-they certainly cannot be thought fools enough to invite the farmers into associations, the leading object of which is to swin The policy of the present duties on very coarse and very fine wools was much questioned, when first proposed--and by no persons more decidedly than the intelligent farmers, who attended at Washington in 1828, or otherwise gave their opinions on the subject, because believing that our country was not prepared to furnish supplies of such sorts of wool: and so it had been at the Harrisburg convention, in which the farming interest was fully represented. That convention petitioned that all wool costing more than eight cents per lb. in a foreign country, should, at once, pay a duty of twenty cents per lb. to be increased annually 2 cents, until reaching fifty cents per lb. Thus, on the highest priced and very coarse wools, the duty would not be heavy; but on the middling qualities, (the crop of the United States), then averaging less than 40 cents per lb. the duty would instantly act as a protection equal to 50 per cent. on the selling value of the domestic commodity, and advance to 125 in process of time, becoming prohibitory in its nature, (if fraudulent importations of cloths could be prevented), as to the qualities then produced, or likely to be abundantly grown, in the United States. Duties upon the coarse wools were specially objected to, as uselessly advancing the cost of coarse cloths, of which the domestic manufacture soon promised to equal the demand. But whether the policy was right or wrong--no effort is making to change it; though it was universally believed that the duty on coarse wool, like that on molasses, was introduced to defeat the tariff bill of 1828--all the resolute opponents of the American System in congress voting for both. The old maxim, "tell me what company you keep, and I'll tell you what you are," was severely manifested on that occasion. We shall be glad if in the issue it shall appear, that both parties were mistaken, as to the operation of that duty. rest of American manufacturers to encourage the growth of American sheep-as much so as it is that of the millers that grain should be plenty and good-the effect in both being reduced price because of an abundant supply: and equally the interest of the farmers to wish success to the manufacturers, that they may have a prompt and fair demand. The profits of the two are inseparably connected. As well might the belly quarrel with the members, or an arm with a leg. I once saw a drunken fellow severely whip his legs because they would not stand still!-and some, intoxicated with politics, are just as ready to lash themselves. To both we recommend a good fashion that prevails, of being TEMPERATE! [From the N. York Evening Journal.] FRAUDS ON THE REVENUE. Mr. Jenks-In my communication for your paper of yesterday, I denied the assertion made by the Journal of Commerce, "that the manufacturers enjoy a protection of 50 per cent. against fraudulent importers." First being distinctly understood to disavow the principle, that a protection to the home industry is a tax on the community, I will state to you my views on this subject, and challenge the Journal of Commerce, or any other print, to prove them untrue. Every yard of cloth contains about two pounds of wool, which constitutes about one-half of its value. Now a dollar minimum cloth costs per running yard in England $1 50: if it cost higher it cannot be legally entered at the dollar minimum. 2 lbs. of wool a c 37 is c 75 Duty on 2 lbs. of wool First specific duty c 8 37 451 Duty on the wool € 454 c 22 $1 50, the protection amounts to only 15 per cent. But suppose the cloth be entered at the dollar mini- 50 58 cts. Whole duty on a dollar minimum cloth per yard 671 58 There is nothing more clear than this-that the inte- Whole amount of duty on one yd. 6s. 9d. cloth, is e671 rests of the wool-growers, so far as they depend on the duties levied and collected, are much better secured than those of the manufacturers; but no complaint is made on that account. It offers no ground for jealousy to the The manufacturer then has 22 cts. protection on the manufacturers, so far as we have heard any opinion ex-yard of cloth, the value of which being in England pressed; on the contrary, it has been satisfactory, in holding out the prospect of an independent supply of wool. But the interest of both parties equally required that wool, in cloth, should not be imported almost free of duty, as it is when cloths, entered under the one dollar minimum, are such as sell for 3 dollars-wholesale price. But may not the farmer as well confide in the domestic competition for the price of wool, as that of wheat! If the manufacture of either flourishes-the value of the chief material advances; and new establishments will certainly rise up, for millions on millions of dollars are seeking new and profitable investments. There cannot be any "monopoly"-and it is IMPOSSIBLE that a "combination" should exist to keep down the price of wool. But without success in the manufacture, it is also IMPOSSIBLE that wool should bear a high price in the United States. Sheep are chiefly reared with us for their wool, in Europe because of their flesh. The value of the animal depends upon elements totally diferent-the carcass is an extra consideration in America, and is cheap; but wool is the extra profit in Europe, and, on the same principle, is cheap. But because of the easy access to land in the United States, the small cost of its fee or annual rent, were mutton half the price with us that it bears in Europe, we should soon export immense quantities of wool-20 millions of dollars worth probably, if the foreign market would receive it. The average value of land fitted for the support of sheep in the United States, must be less than one-tenth part of the value of such lands in England and Germany-and The duty on the cloth is therefore clearly, as I have as land may be regarded as the chief material for breed-stated it, principally for the benefit of the wool grower; ing sheep, we should certainly raise them at much the for if the duty were taken off from imported wool, the lowest rate. No intelligent man can reflect a moment farmer would have no sale for American wool. on this important matter, without seeing the force of what we have just stated. It is then the manifest inte dle the latter out of a fair price for their wool! This is too tough." The surveyor of the port of New York is hardly reckless enough of honesty and truth, to present a case so much at war with a decent respect for the judgment of even his own heartless associates. cents 91 The manufacturer then has a protection of nine and a half cents on $2, which is four and three quarters per cent. Thus it appears that instead of fifty per cent. protection, in all cases of fraud, such as I have stated, and thousands of pieces of such cloths have been, and they are continually so imported, the fifty per cent. protection of the Journal of Commerce is literally but four and three quarters per cent. It will be recollected that the great reason why cloths cost so much less in Englaud, and consequently why it costs our manufacturers so much more to make then, is the great difference in price in the cost of wool; wool being from fifty to seventy per cent. higher in this country than in England. What now becomes of all the clamor raised against the manufacturer? Is not our brother Yankee ashamed of his ignorance of matters upon which he pretends to instruct the community? How can any thing else be expected from men who are so blind, as to be continually asserting that the tariff injures commerce, when the least candid investigation of the subject affords the most ample and satisfactory proof, |