HOLLAND. rests for the present. Some excesses, however, had part of the Belgians desire an union with France-which been committed on the lord lieut. the marquis of Ang-the latter most positively rejects. leasa, who was mobbed in the streets on the 25th of Jan. and pelted with mud. The infamously famous major Sirr, gibbited on remembrance by the eloquence of Curran, was a swearer against O'Connell. The grand jury had found "true bills" against him. There had been a hard run on the bank of Ireland for gold-but all its notes offered were promptly met. The British stocks remained pretty firm, at a small reduction in price. Burnings and other acts of violence were still committed in England, though many had been sentenced to death, transportation, &c. for being engaged in them. But such exceses were less frequent than at the period of our former advices. The poverty and distress of the people of Ireland seems about as great as human nature is capable of bearing. A famine is talked of. This, it is thought, renders the people so ready for any change. O'Connell has been exceedingly bold in his addresses to them, yet he professes great anxiety for the preservation of the peace of the country. Parliament was to re-assemble on the 3d February. A stormy session was anticipated. There was much speculation as to the continuance of the present ministry. Mr. Hunt, elected to parliament, has made a grand public entry into London-many thousand people, with banners, attending. He delivered a speech on the occasion, and was earnest for a repeal of the "accursed corn bill." FRANCE. The king was making great exertions to strengthen his army, to act against Belgium. It is said that he would protest against the allied powers, or requiring him to open the Scheldt. ITALY. A pope had not yet been elected. It was thought that cardinal Weld, an Englishman, would be chosen, though strongly opposed by the Austrian interest. Later news--Paris paperɛ to 2d Feb. There was a report that the Poles had surrendered without a contest--because of internal discords. This was not, however, believed at Paris, at which subscriptions were still making to assist them-Lafayette and other distinguished men taking the lead in them. The Russians have seized the funds of the bank of Warsaw that were at Odessa. A good many of the Polish monks had taken up arms, and placed themselves at the head of bodies of peasants, armed with scythes, &c. It is stated that Chłopicki resigned the dictatorship because that he insisted on a reconciliation with Russia, which was opposed by all the leading men; but some prospect of a reconciliation is held out. Much is said of the affairs of Belgium, and we have reports of the speeches made in the national congress. The debates are ardent--sometimes very tumultuous; with loud applauses, or marks of disapprobation, from the galleries. A protocol of the ministers of the allied powers, dated London, 20th Jan, makes out a boundary between Belgium and Holland-as it stood in 1790. The selection of a king is a most difficult matter-the congress being much divided. The greatest number, perhaps, were in favor of the duke de Leuchtenburg, Lafitte's pecuniary affairs have been much embarrass- son of Beauharnois, step-son of Napoleon, but the foled, because of heavy losses on the loans, and the house lowing letter being read, the duke of Nemours (a son of Lafitte and company is dissolved. It is said that there of the king of the French) was again thought of, though are effects enough to pay its debts. Lafitte, in his mis-Louis Philipe had but lately refused his sanction to the fortunes, is reported of as an honest man. choice- All things appear quiet in France, except in "the busy note of preparation" for war. The means of France are gigantic. Lafayette was taking an active part in the proceedings of the chamber of deputies. His speeches would indicate his belief of a speedy war-but he says that France has 500,000 regular troops and 1,500,000 national guards, ready for the combat. The celebrated Madame de Genlis died at Paris early in January, at a very advanced age. SPAIN. Much military preparation was making in Spain. The country was filed with gloom-every sort of business being unsettled, or at a stand. SWITZERLAND. The city of Basle has conquered and reduced its peasantry to submission. RUSSIA. Addressed to the French minister at Brussels-"SIR:--I hasten to reply to your letter of the 24th. The king's council, which assembled to-day, were unanimous upon the necessity of declaring to the provisional government, that the French government would regard the choice of the duke de Leuchtenburg to fill the throne of Belgium, as an act of hostility towards France; in case the congress, notwithstanding this declaration, should proceed to such election, you will quit Brussels immediately. Accept, &c. (Signed) Paris, Jan. 26. 1831." HORACE SEBASTIANI. Some think that France will now consent to the election of the duke of Nemours-and if so, that the placing of him on the throne must be followed by a general war Large bodies of troops were in motion for Poland-in -the other great powers being resolved to resist so inall not less than 150,000. The cholera morbus had ap-timate a connexion between France and Belgium. peared at St. Petersburg. All the property of the Poles in Russia, who had taken part in the revolution, has been sequestered-the Poles, on the contrary, have permitted the Russians to retire, with their property, whithersoever they pleased. POLAND. The enthusiasm of the Poles remained undiminished. They have published a heart-stirring manifesto, which we intend to re-publish and preserve. There are some accounts of divisions among them-the invasion of the Russians may, perhaps, unite them. Prussia had 80,000 men on the Polish frontier and Austria 50,000. Subscriptions for the benefit of the Poles, were making in London and Paris. Gen. Chlopicki had resigned the dictatorship. The French generals Lallamand, Regnier, and Pelletier, had arrived at Warsaw to join the Polish The funds of France continue to decline. The king appears to be increasing his popularity. He wishes to preserve the peace of France with the rest of the world, and firmly expresses his resolution to keep down disor ders at home. The funeral services of the late pope took place at Rome on the 14th Dec. He had been a liberal patron of the fine arts, and all the professors, with their pupils, attended. Three times have these services now been performed by cardinals, and, on each occasion, five members of the conclave pronounced absolutions in behalf of the deceased. Wool is in great demand in Europe, and at high prices. The stock is small. The military preparations have caused a great scarcity of coarse wools. THE NORTH EASTERN BOUNDARY. "The editor of the Baltimore Patriot has been favored with the following letter from an intelligent merchant, formerly of Baltimore, but now a resident of Amsterdam. It gives the decision of the king of the Netherlands relative to the disputed boundary line between the United States and Great Britain, to whom both parties had referred the question, and whose decision is to be final. The letter says "The boundary line goes from the Monument, on the source of the river St. Croix, due north to the St. John, which it crosses three miles above the Great Falls, it then follows the St. John about 50 miles from thence it passes along the river St. Francis to its southernmost source, here it meets the American line, along which it follows to the St. Lawrence, and leaving only those waters that fall in the river St. Lawrence to the point where both lines (claims) unite, and to the Connecticut, where they combine to the British. This is the first and most important point. 2d. About the north-westermost head of Connecticut river. The king has taken that which maintains the name and excludes all tributary streams, that were already known in 1772, under different names. has made the division. In making the compromise, two paramount objects should have been kept in view, viz: an equal division of the territory, in dispute, and the establishment of a good natural boundary. Neither of these has been accomplished. Two-thirds of the land is given to the United States, and the boundary is a very imperfect one. If his majesty had thought proper to continue the line along the St. John to its source, or nearly so-since in ridicule of our disputes, it would atmost scem, he substituted the heads of rivers for the tops of mountains-a good boundary would have been secured and the territory pretty equally divided. With such a settlement neither party could justly complain, but with the present settlement neither party is satisfied. England, however, must be the greatest suf3d. The 45th degree of north latitude has to be stipu- terer since her loss is not only that of territory, but lated anew agreeable to the treaty of Ghent, or whether of a military position of great consequence to her in the the old line which in 1772 was drawn between the pro- event of future wars. A glance at the map will show vinces and the United States was to remain. Decision how small an American force could intercept succors says, that the line must be drawn afresh. The Ame-proceeding to Quebec over-land; in fact all communica ricans confiding on its correctness had built a fort on Rousse's point, and this fortress is to remain in their possession, with so much territory thereof as is usual, (say one Chilome rique.) The territory which is awarded to the United States by the 1st point is by far the best and most extensive, but England maintains a comThe honor of England demands that she shall promptmunication with her provinces. The territory which ly acquiesce with the award of the arbiter, and she will they will get will be of little value. The state of Maine not, it is needless to proclaim, hesitate a moment to regets the best and nearly all that they wish. Conneeticut river is of no importance, and may be looked upon king of the Netherlands had no right to make any divideem her pledge.-Still it has occurred to us that the as to balance the scales. The British grounds were sion or compromise whatever. The convention between considered the best, but the Americans had such, which the two governments of the 29th of Sept. 1827, and by no means become rejected. The parallel was always in favor of the British, but since the king had secured to published in our paper of the 24th of May 1828, agreeEngland their political advantage, he did the same withing to refer the matter in dispute to the arbiter, simply the Americans by giving them the fortress, point Rous- The point of difference was simply this-which was the authorised him to decide on the points of difference only. ses', which breaks the parallel; and is of much impor tance to America. Two forts built to the southward, true line, the British or the American. We see no would not have been of as much value as this. room or scope for compromising powers here. May not the silence of the Courier, which still affects to be the government journal, and other facts which we shall not stop to enumerate be connected with this view of the This decision of the king is a proof of his being a very able arbiter, for it is no trifle to read two large volumes of folio and compare the maps together, with the immense number of memorandums connected with this business, and his decision is a proof of his thorough acquaintance with the case. There is no victory no defest on any side. Both have what they most feared to lose." tion between Great Britain and Canada would be seriously impeded during the winter months of the year. In any view of the case, or on whatever principle the king may have proceeded, we must deem his majesty's decision very erroneous. case? The integrity of the arbiter must not be in the remotest degree impeached. Still we may be excused for adverting to the surmise of a London paper-that the king of the Netherlands gave in his award suddenly, and considering the state of his own affairs, rather unFrom the Albion-an English paper published at N. Yexpectedly-and that he probably acted from pique After describing the boundary as settled, the editor Bays against the English whig ministry, who have shown so much inclination to side with the Belgians. It was to have been expected that the arbiter would The British government should without loss of time have declared which party was right, and thus have laid seek to recover the lost territory by friendly negociation down according to the opinion of a third disinterested or purchase. It is of great value to her from its geoparty, the true boundary; but his Dutch majesty has not graphical position: but to the state of Maine it is of done so; he has pointed out a new route totally at vari-Little use beyond the actual value of the lands. ance with the spirit and wording of the treaty. He carries the line due north from Mars Hill to the river St. John, along that river to the St. Francis, along the St. Francis to the highlands laid down on the westerly portion of the America line--thereby cutting off a large por tion of the Canada lands, carrying the boundary to within thirteen miles of the river St. Lawrence, and within forty or fifty of the city of Quebec, the capital of the North American colonies; and then, moreover, it is said, gives the military position of Rouses's point on lake Champlain-a place undoubtedly on the British side-to the United States into the bargain! The arbiter should have decided which was the true line according to the words of the treaty and the maps and plans mutually laid before him. If he thought the American the true line, he has dong the United States injustice by taking away any portion of their territory, of which we understand Mr. Preble complains. If the British was the true line, he has done England injustice, by taking away any portion of her territory, and hence she complains. But it may be said, that from the complexity and uncertainty of the question, he could not come to any satisfactory conclusion, and therefore, made a compromiseand a compromise he must have intended, since he has substituted rivers for highlands. Granting for a moment his right to do this, let us examine in what manner he loudly at the king of the Netherlands, and, among other A London paper the United Kingdom," grumbles things, says "How there could be any question as to the claims of England with respect to a territory which originally belonged to herself-which she never conveyed away by treaty or assignment-we are at a loss to know, and it is the duty of the wretched ninnies who have been mimisters of this country for so many years, to explain. The Americans, by this decision, have not only obtained possession of our territory, and the property of his majesty's subjects, but they have also got our roads in the direct route between Quebec, New Brunswick, HaOther roads of equal importance fax and Nova Scotia. are also decided to be within the boundary of the United States. "But what are we to do with Canada? Must we yield and consign our lands, and pigs, and emigrants and roads, and river navigation to Jonathan? This must not be. We must nevertheless do justice to the defendant. We must offer compensation-assign lands elsewhere-give a slice out of the northwest-give Indians for English-and furs for freedom. If gen. Jackson should decline our terms, we of course must fight him; and leaving Washington in its wilderness unmolested, we must burn New York in order to bring him to his senses. This we can do easily; particularly as we are not at war with any other nation. We will be fools, if we listen to any further terms of negociation. "Settle it at once" is the word, and let there be no mistake! - The people of Maine appear equally dissatisfied with the compromise which the king of the Netherlands has willed-we say compromise, because he has rejected the statements of both parties. The "Portland Evening Advertiser" observes In truth the British have obtained all they want, a military post in our rear, with opportunity to encroach upon our territory whenever circumstances require. The general government must be appealed to for relief from the decision of this uncrowned head, this wandering arbiter of the Netherlands." The "Eastern Argus" observes Thomas Carberry, James Dunlap, and Wm. O'Neal, of the District of Columbia, to be inspectors of the penitentiary in said district; and Benjamin Williams, of said district, to be warden of said penitentiary. John A. Cameron, of North Carolina, to be consul of the United States at La Vera Cruz, in Mexico, in the place of Wm. Taylor, resigned. Joseph Saul, of Louisiana, to be consul of the United States at Tripoli, in the place of Charles D. Coxe, deceased. David J. Baker, of Illinois, to be district attorney of the United States for the state of Illinois, vice Samuel Mc Roberts. Elias Rector, of Arkansas, to be marshal of the United States for the territory of Arkansas, in the place of George W. Scott, removed. George W. Crump, of Virginia, to be consul of the United States for the island of St. Bartholomew, in the place of Robert M. Harrison, appointed to the port of Kingston, Jamaica. John Cuthbert, of Pensylvania, to be consul of the United States for the port of Hamburg, in the place of Fredrick List whose commission has expired. [Ratherwhose nomination was rejected by the senate.] Samuel Allison, of New Jersey, to be consul of the United States, at Lyons, in France, in the place of Cor Lemuel Wells, of New York, to be consul of the United States at St. Catharine's, Brazil. Thomas E. Burfoot, of Virginia, to be district attorney of the United States, for the eastern district of Virginia, vice Robert Stannard, resigned. Robert Fulton, of New Nork, to be secretary to the commission under the convention between the United States and the king of Denmark, of the 28th of March, 1830. "Had the most clear sighted and ambitious of the British statesmen drawn this new line, the interest of his majesty could not have been more carefully preserv ed. They have cut off the point of the ridge which separated the upper and lower provinces, aud gained all they wanted, a commanding position in our rear, and a convenient route of communication between Canada and New Brunswick They cared nothing for a few square miles of land, of this they had enough, in America, al-nelius Bradford, deceased. ready. No, England desired a commanding post in our rear, and an open route between her provinces. This she has secured by the supposed decision. To us, the territory lost might be of some value, as so much land, but as a military position it is absolutely invaluable. It is here that England can erect her fortresses, and if this decision should be acquiesced in--which it never will be-a few years would see the British ensign floating over a new Quebec, whose outworks would literally crowd upon our soil, and from whose impregnable walls the tiers of British ordinance would insult the eyes of freemen. It must not, it shall not be permitted. Miserable is the plea that the national honor is committed to abide such a result. It was the decision of an independent sovereign, confined himself to the ques tion submitted, viz:-whether the line claimed by the Uninted States or the line claimed by Great Britain, was the true one-to which the United States bound themselves to submit; not the decision of a sovereign nearly robbed of his dominion, and leaning on England for support-not a decision which should declare the pretensions of both parties ungrounded, and proceed with an authority at once arrogant and unlimited, to mark out as heretofore unthought of boundary. It was to no such decision that the United States bound themselves to submit." APPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT, By and with the advice and consent of the senate. Joel Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be a justice of the peace for the county of Washington, in said district. Robert M. Harrison, of Virginia, to be consul of the United States for the port of Kingston, in the island of Jamaica. Alexander Adair, to be marshal for Middle Florida. Daniel Le Roy, to be district attorney of the United States for the territory of Michigan. John Nicholson, to be marshal for the eastern district of Louisiana. Waters Smith, to be marshal of East Florida. Nathaniel S. Benton to be attorney for the northern district of New York, vice Samuel Beardsley, elected to congress. Ruben Harvey, to be consul of the United States for the port of Cork, Ireland, in the place of Ruben Harvey, deceased. George Wise and George W. P. Custis, of the District of Columbia, to be justices of the peace for the county of Alexandria, in said district. Nathaniel Luffborough, Enoch Reynolds, and Charles H. W. Wharton, of the District of Columbia, to be justices of the peace for the county of Washington, in said district. Lewis Shoemaker, of Pennsylvania, to be consul of the United States at Matanzas, in the island of Cuba. John Holtzman, of Georgetown, to be a justice of the peace for the country of Washington, in the district of Columbia. Joshua Lippincott, of Pennsylvania, to be a director of the bank of the United States, vice Nicholas Biddle, elected a director by the stockholders. Nicholas Narvoni, of Constantinople, to be drogoman or interpreter of languages, to the legation of the United States at Constantinople. Peter Desnoyers, of Detroit, to be marshal for the territory of Michigan. The preceding list, we believe, takes in all the appointments published, up to this date-not heretofore given. LATE SESSION OF CONGRESS. From the National Intelligencer of March 11. The public are hardly aware of the great number of bills, which had passed one or the other house of congress, which, for the want of time to act upon them, owing partly to the occupation of so great a portion of the session in the trial of judge Peck, and partly to the introduction, late in the session, of not very profitable debate, remained unfinished, and were therefore lost, at the adjournment. The number of bills which had passed the house of representatives, and were twice read in the senate, but finally left upon the table of that body, was just one hundred. The number of senate bills thus lost in the house of representatives was about thirty. Among the house bills to which the go-by was given in this way, was the bill for the improvement of certain harbors and providing for surveys. "" This bill embraced, among other things, an appropriation of 40,000 do!lars for the improvement of the mouth of Back creek (the Chesapeake entrance to the Chesapeake and Delaware canal), and another of 20,000 dollars for deepening the harbor of Baltimore, with other appropriations of the same cast in different parts of the United States. This bill passed the house of representatives by a majority of fifty votes (107 to 57) and, had it been possible to act upon it, would probably have passed the senate by a majority of ten or fifteen votes. It is supposed by many, however, that, had it passed both houses, the president would have considered himself pledged, by the terms of his last annual message to congress, to put his veto upon it this session, as he did upon a corresponding bill at the last session. Among the bills thus lost also was the beneficent bill providing for the support of the remaining participators in the fatigues, privations, and dangers of the war of the revolution. By a tied vote, 20 to 20, the senate refused, on Tuesday evening, to postpone the further orders of the day in order to act upon it. The remainder of the session was perhaps justly deemed too short for the deliberate consideration of it. Among the bills thus lost at this session (and at the last session, and probably never will be otherwise in our day) was the bill for regulating the allowance of mileage to members of congress, and that also requiring deductions from the compensation of members for occasional absences from the house. The bill so desirable to be passed, and so entirely due to the rapidly growing commerce of the city of New York, making an appropriation of 100,000 dollars for building a custom house in the city of New York, was also thus lost. Though this great number of bills was left unfinished by the senate, it ought in justice to that body, to be added, that the period of the session at which the most of of them passed the house of representatives, was so late as to make it impossible for the senate to pass upon them. PENNSYLVANIA. The subjoined resolutions were offered in the house of representatives of Pennsylvania, by Mr. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, on the 24th ult. Resolutions relative to the union. Whereas the constitution of these United States, and some of their principal institutions, have been assailed of late by the local passions which interfere with great national measures, and a solemn declaration of the sense of the members of this house may tend to preserve unimpaired that union which is the rock of our safety and prosperity: Therefore, 1. Resolved, as the sense of the house of representatives of this commonwealth, that the constitution of these United States having proved itself, by near half a century's experience, a government beyond all others capable of promoting rational liberty and general welfare, a union of sovereign states, constructed by one and the same sovereign people, it must be preserved inviolate against all attempts to nullify, impair, or reduce it to a mere confederation. 2. Resolved, as the sense of this house, that the constitution of the United States authorises, and near half a century's experience sanctions, acts of congress to protect manufactures, and that the actual prosperity of the country attests the wisdom of such acts. S. Resolved, as the sense of this house, that, as all manufactures, arts, and civilization flourish most whereever iron is cheapest and best, any diminution of the protection now afforded to that primary and universal article, would be a deplorable act. 4. Resolved, as the sense of this house, that the constitution of the United States authorises, and near half a century's experience sanctions, the twenty-fifth section of the act of congress of September, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, and all others empowering the federal judiciary to maintain the supreme laws. a 5. Resolved, as the sense of this house, that the constitution of the United States authorizes, and near half centuary's experience sanctions, a bank of the United States, as necessary and proper to regulate the value of money, and prevent paper currency of unequal and depreciated value. 6. Resolved, as the sense of this house, that the constitution of the United States authorizes the establishment of inland improvements by acts of congress, for the construction of post routes and military roads, and roads for facilitating commerce among the several states; and by appropriations of money for such purposes. These resolutions came up for consideration on Friday. The resolution affirming the necessity of preserving the union of the states, against all attempts at nullification was passed, without debate, ycas 87, nays 3. The second of the series, affirming the constitutionality and expediency of protecting manufactures, by_congressional enactments, occasioned some debate. Some of the members would fain have avoided a public committal on this question. The people of Pennsylvania and the "people's president" not seeing the subject in the same light. But, after an ineffectual attempt to introduce the words "by a judicious tariff" after the word manufactures, the question was taken on the resolution, and passed in the affirmative, yeas 87, nays 2. The third resolution, against any diminution of the present duty on iron, was also the subject of some debate, but finally passed, yeas 83, nays 5. The fourth resolution, affirming the constitutionality of the judiciary act of 1789, was opposed by general Frick of Northumberland, and advocated by Mr. Ingersoll, the mover. On the question being taken, the resolution passed, yeas 79, nay's 7. The house adjourned before the question was taken on the fifth resolution. It came up in order un the fol lowing day, and after a debate of four hours, the house again adjourned before taking the question. The subject was afterwards postponed without being finally acted upon.] During the debate in the Pennsylvania house of representatives on the foregoing resolutions, Mr. Ingersoll read the following letter from Mr. Madison. Montpelier, Feb. 2, 1831. DEAR SIR:-I have received your letter of January 21, asking 1. Is there any state power to make banks? 2. Is the federal power, as has been exercised, or as proposed to be exercised by president Jackson, preferable? The evil which produced the prohibitory clause in the constitution of the United States, was the practice of the states in making bills of credit, and in some instances appraised property "a legal tender." If the notes of state banks, therefore, whether chartered or unchartered, be made a legal tender, they are prohibited; if not made a legal tender, they do not fall within the prohibitory clause. The number of the "Federalist" referred to was written with that view of the subject; and this, with probably other cotemporary expositions, and the uninterrupted practice of the states in creating and permitting banks without making their notes a legal tender, would seem to be a bar to the question, if it were not inexpedient now to agitate it. A virtual and incidental enforcement of the depree iated notes of state banks, by their crowding out a sound medium, though a great evil, was not foreseen; and if it had been apprehended, it is questionable whether the constitution of the United States which had so many obstacles to encounter, would have ventured to guard against it by an additional provision. A virtual, and it is hoped, an adequate remedy, may hereafter be found in the refusal of state paper when debased, in any of the federal transactions, and in the control of the federal bank, this being itself controlled from suspending its specie payments by the public authority. On the other question I readily decide against the project recommended by the president. Reasons more than sufficient appear to have been presented to the public, in the reviews and other comments which it has called forth. How far a hint for it may have been taken from Mr. Jefferson, I know not. The kindred ideas of the latter may be seen in his memoirs, &c. vol. 4, pages 196, 207, 526, and his view of the state banks, vol. 4, pages 199, 220. There are sundry statutes of Virginia prohibiting the circulation of notes payable to bearer, whether issued by individuals or unchartered banks. These observations, little new or important as they may be, would have been promptly furnished but for an indisposition in which your letter found me, and which has not yet entirely left me. I hope this will find you in good health, and you have my best wishes for its continuance, and the addition of every other blessing. JAMES MADISON. Charles J. Ingersoll, esq. Harrisburg, Pa. FOURTH SERIES.] No. 4-VOL. IV. BALTIMORE, MARCH 26, 1831. THE PAST-THE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE. [VOL. XL. WHOLE NO. 1018 EDITED, PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. There will be no complaint of a want of variety, in the present sheet. The very long articles that lately presented themselves, caused a great accumulation of others that might be postponed. cayed" Baltimore, as Mr. Randolph said of our city, could well afford to give, and is able to give, the whole cost of the road. The interest will not exceed 50,000 dollars a year. The individual or private profits, on account of the road, will amount to a much greater sum, at once, and have a large annual increase-especially if Virginia shall be excited to do a little, as well as talk a great deal, about internal improvements. OLD DOCUMENTS. It will be recollected that colonel Howard, the immediate representative of the city of Baltimore in the congress of the United States, made an unsuccessful effort, at the last session, to have certain old reports concerning a protecting tariff re-printed; that they might be spread among the people, and shew the opinions entertained on the subject long ago-before party had entered into its consideration, or some members of congress were as expert in dividing a hair "be-thorises the company to make contracts with the proper twixt its north and north east side," as they are at present. Col. H. incurred the expense of having these documents transcribed, (for of some of them no copies, we believe, remain in print), and has presented them to us. We shall take an early opportunity to give them a place. The following is a list of them— 1. Report of the committee of commerce and manufactures, on the memorials and petitions of sundry manufacturers, made 10th Feb. 1802. The act of congress prevents the passage of the road into the district further than Seventh street, on which stands the general post office, with a due regard to the public or private property over which it shall pass, and regulates the price of transportations, &c. It also au officers and agents of the United States for the transportation of persons and property for the use of the United States (including the mails), on any rail road which has been, or shall be, constructed by it. Such is the sonfidence now entertained in England of steam power used on rail roads, that a project is entertained of rail-waying the isthmus of Suez, and carrying over it vessels, of the heaviest burthen, from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea! The case with which vessels are now lifted out of the water, or restored again to their own proper element, by marine rail ways, patent slips and screw docks-and the power displayed on the Liverpool and Manchester road, divests the project 3. Report of the committee of commerce and manu- of that wildness, or rather insanity, that would have been factures, on the petitions of sundry manufacturers of attached to it, had it been suggested only five or six starch, of paper and umbrellas, in the states of Penn-years ago. It is said that the difficulties of the enter sylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, made on the 8th March, 1802. 2. Report of the committee of commerce and manufactures, on the petition of sundry inhabitants of Kentucky, made on the 18th Feb. 1802. 4. Report of the committee of commerce and manufactures, on the memorials of sundry manufacturers and merchants of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Massachusetts, Virginia and North Carolina, made 16th April, 1802. prize are tot greater than those which have been encountered in the construction of the Manchester and Liverpool rail road-and that the pacha of Egypt has actually employed an engineer to inspect Morton's patent slip, for the lifting of vessels. Shall heavily laden ships cross the mountains of America, as well as the deserts of Africa, and pass from the Atlantic to the Pa 5. Report of the committee of commerce and manu-cific over the isthmus of Panama? factures, on the memorials of various manufacturers of the United States, made on the 21st Feb. 1803. 6. Report of the secretary of the treasury, made to the house of representatives, January 24, 1804. 7. Report of the committee of commerce and manufactures, on various memorials from manufacturers, and others, of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland, made January 25, 1804. RAIL ROADS. The Baltimore and Washington rail road will be commenced, by the Baltimore and Ohio rail road company, as soon as the surveys shall enable the directors to decide on the most proper route and location. It will, probably, be finished in two years-as it is intended to prosecute the work with a great deal of energy and force. When it shall be accomplished, a trip to Washington, or from thence to Baltimore, will be no more than a morning or evening excursion. With such a rail way as is projected, the voyage from England to India may be made in about twenty daysor less. One On Saturday last, a grand experiment was made on the Baltimore and Ohio rail road-seventy five barrels, and one hundred barrels, of flour, had been transported, by means of a single horse, 13 miles, at the rate of seven miles an hour; but now two hundred barrels, weighing 20 tons, were placed on eight cars weighing 8 tons more, and these cars were mounted by some twenty or thirty people weighing 2 tons more, in all thirty tons. horse conveyed this mighty load to the relay-house, 64 miles, in 46 minutes; another horse was fixed to the train, and he brought it to the depot in Baltimore in 69 minutes, making 1 hot r 55 m. for the whole stage of 13 miles, or at the rate of 63 miles an hour. Neither horse was distressed, though, not selected because of peculiar powers for the draft, and each had performed the usual The laws in relation to this road, passed by the gene-trip outward in the morning. Two of the miles (deral assembly of Maryland and the congress of the Unit-scending a little) were pe. "formed in six minutes each, ed States, have been avoopted by the company-though but some one or two others, where there were ascents the former would appear to present undue advantages to carry off the water, (17 to 20 feet in a mile) required to the state. The company is to make the road at its 12 minutes. At the ordinary rate of travel, on comown cost and risk; and, within two years after it is finish- mon roads with heavy wagons, it is thought that one ed, the state has the right of taking three-fifths of the horse is equal to the draft of more than sixty tons. We stock, on satisfaction made for such part of the expen- hope it will be tested what an ordinary wagon-horse is diture. This does not seem fair. But, the chief part of able to draw, at his usual travel ing gait.* the stock in the Baltimore and Ohio rail road is held in Baltimore, which already pays more than one-fourth of all the state revenues, and what shall appear as lost to the company, may, in part, be saved to the city; still, however, at the expense of the stockholders of the road. A desire to make an interest on the investment, was not the leading one. Because of the general increase of business, and more rapid circulation of money that will follow this improvement, poor "deserted and deVOL. XL-No. 5, on Saturday against uts"-and the force be nearly doubled. *There was a very strong wing the cars-especially in the "deep c required to move them thought to At 24 to 3 miles an hour, we think that one of the prime wagon-horses of Pennsylvania, is equal to the traction of from 70 to 80 tons. the Chesapeake noticed the ex Those who have travelled through and Delaware canal, cannot fail to have |