ranch above the mouth of Silesia Creek. Here the party was again divided and a packers' camp and depot were established to keep the two parties supplied. The main party continued trail building up the Chilliwack when the third subparty worked its way up Silesia Creek.

THIRD SUBPARTY

The third subparty consisted of an assistant and eight hands. After pushing its way up Silesia Creek over the old trail of 1901 to the boundary, it established the 4-mile chord between original boundary cairn 47 on Silesia Creek and cairn 48 on Middle Creek (now Monuments 55 and 57) and made a phototopographic survey. When this chord had been established, the party returned to the Chilliwack River and thence up Middle Creek to the boundary.

The next procedure was to start a trial line east from original boundary cairn 49 (now Monument 58). In the meanwhile, the main party had reached Dolly Varden Creek and started a trial line west from boundary cairn 50. By prearrangement, the two parties met on July 15 on the most eastern of the two intervening high summits and made a connection between the two trial lines. A system of signals was devised for jointly establishing the true line on the summits. This was successfully accomplished on July 25 after several delays caused by smoky weather.

During the projection of the Middle Creek-Dolly Varden chord, the axmen of the party had been cutting vista on the chords both east and west across the Middle Creek Valley. They completed the cutting on July 28.

The party then moved down the Chilliwack and up the Fraser Valley to Hope. Supplies, cement, and monuments had been delivered at Hope for the Skagit-Depot Creek section of the boundary, left uncompleted in 1905. An extra pack train was hired to help transport the party and supplies to the boundary on the Skagit River. Arriving at the Skagit crossing, the party worked westward, completing the vista cutting, building trails to the monument sites, and distributing material for the monuments. They also carried on phototopographic surveys and completed triangulation observations at stations "Whitworth" and "Glacier." Their work finished, they moved out by the way of Hope to Chilliwack, British Columbia, where they disbanded on October 1.

MAIN PARTY

What remained of the main party after the third subparty had been detached, continued trail building to Chilliwack Lake. Substantial bridges were constructed across tributary streams and the main stream was bridged again near the mouth of Middle Creek by felling a fir tree 9 feet in diameter across the stream.

The trail was completed to the foot of Chilliwack Lake on May 20. A cache was built and a large raft constructed to transport the party and supplies to the head of the lake. A search along the lake shore resulted in the finding of the cedar dugout used by the reconnaissance party of 1901. Using raft and canoe, party and outfit and two mules were transported to the head of the lake. From the head of the lake, the party moved with the two mules about a mile up Dolly Varden Creek to the vicinity of the boundary and camped.

A trail was cut up Depot Creek from its mouth to a junction at the boundary with the trail built from the Skagit River in 1905. The crew was able to work from the Dolly Varden camp by using the canoe between the head of the lake and the mouth of Depot Creek.

From the Dolly Varden camp the line was projected westward to meet the work of the third subparty, then eastward to Depot Creek, cairn 52 (now Monument 65). Trails were built to the intermediate monument sites; triangulation stations were selected, marked, and signaled; and the vista was cut along the boundary across the Dolly Varden Creek valley.

Seven monuments and the cement had been forwarded to the head of Chilliwack Lake. The chord to the west between cairns 50 and 49 was established on July 25. Everything being ready, a crew of five men was put at monument setting. Monuments now numbered 61, 62, 63, and 64 were set from the Dolly Varden Creek camp.

The entire party next moved by raft down Chilliwack Lake to the mouth of Depot Creek. Thence by back-packing and with the two mules, camp was moved up the Depot Creek trail to within a mile of the boundary. From this camp vista cutting was completed to the west from cairns 53 and 54 (now Monuments 66 and 67). The monumenting crew set Monuments 65, 66, and 67, present numbers.

The monumenting crew then took the two mules and moved eastward to meet the third subparty coming from the Skagit River. After obtaining additional pack horses from them, they set the monuments from Depot Creek to the Skagit River,

Nos. 65 to 71, inclusive. This was done by the time the third subparty completed its work, when they both moved out and disbanded on October 1 at Chilliwack.

The main party completed its work on Depot Creek on September 29. It then traveled by way of the Chilliwack Valley and up Silesia Creek to the boundary crossing of that stream. Here they cut the vista across the valley to timber line on each side, a distance of about 2 miles on the east and about 1 mile on the west side of the creek. The party finished work and started for McGuire's ranch on October 22, and after spending a day on the way in reinforcing the supports of the Tamihi bridge, reached the ranch and disbanded on October 25. This closed the field work for the season.

While there was no special topographic party in the field during the season, phototopography was carried on from the various camps as time and weather permitted.

At the beginning of the season, a triangulation party was organized. But work had no more than started when the observer in charge of the party, Mr. Howell Bigger, was stricken with a severe case of appendicitis. After being examined by a doctor in Sumas, he was sent to a hospital in Vancouver and operated on. The case was so far advanced, however, that in spite of every care he died a month later, on July 6.

It was not possible to secure an experienced observer to take the place of Mr. Bigger and continue the triangulation. The work was therefore postponed until the next season.

The personnel of the Canadian party was: Chief of party, J. J. McArthur, D. L.S.; assistant in charge of triangulation, Howell Bigger, D. L. S.; assistants in charge of line projection, Noel J. Ogilvie, D. L. S., S. S. McDiarmid, D. L. S.; assistants in charge of vista and trail cutting, E. T. de Coeli, Stanley Everall; assistant in charge of monument setting, J. M. Sheppard; general assistant, W. P. Near; and 42 hands.

SEASON OF 1907-POINT ROBERTS TO THE SKAGIT RIVER; AND JOINT INSPECTION WEST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS

The field operations during the season of 1907 included the virtual completion of the Point Roberts-Skagit River section of the boundary by Canadian parties and the inspection of monuments from Similkameen River to the summit of the Rocky Mountains by a joint United States and Canadian party.

CANADIAN PARTIES

An assistant was sent to Chilliwack, British Columbia, early in April to make preliminary arrangements for the Canadian parties. He employed several local men who had previously worked with the parties and proceeded to the Knox Ranch on Upper Sumas Prairie where the pack horses had been wintered.

The horses which were found to be in bad shape were taken off pasture and fed grain and hay to condition them for the season's work. The camp outfit was brought from McGuire's ranch where it had been stored, and camp was set up. Before the party had been entirely assembled, the spring flood of the Fraser River so overflowed the prairie that camp had to be moved back to the base of Vedder

Mountain. The final organization of the party was completed during the last week in April.

The full party consisted of 7 surveyors, 40 hands, and 28 pack horses. As in previous seasons, it was divided into several subparties.

TRIANGULATION SUBPARTY

A triangulation subparty was first detached with instructions to complete the triangulation begun and postponed in 1906, and to connect with the triangulation of the United States Geological Survey parties which had been carried eastward from Blaine and Bellingham, Washington. After three stations had been occupied, the large theodolite was so badly damaged by an accident that it could no longer be used. No other instrument of the same precision being readily available, the party observed with a 4-inch theodolite in order to furnish control for the topography being done by other parties. Although the party remained in the field the entire season, it was unable to furnish results of the required precision, and the completion of the work had to be postponed until 1908.

SECOND SUBPARTY

A second and larger subparty was formed at the organization camp and sent to Columbia Valley to begin cutting vista east on the chord from original Monument 43 to original boundary cairn 44 (now Monument 50). The forest growth was large and dense. The weather was so rainy and wet during the early part of the season that a full day's work was seldom possible. The boundary crossed canyons from 500 to 2,000 feet deep. Climbing up and down across these through the wet brush was so trying that axmen would not stay on the job. Under these adverse conditions the party made slow progress and it was not until September 15 that they joined the third subparty working west from Green Ridge. The party then returned to Columbia Valley where the axmen were paid off.

MAIN PARTY

Returning to the account of the main party at the organization camp at the base of Vedder Mountain: After the two subparties had been detached the main party moved around to the Chilliwack Valley and attempted to reach the boundary on Tamihi Creek. The spring freshets had carried out the bridge across the Chilliwack at the mouth of the Tamihi and the river was still so high it could neither be forded nor bridged. Of necessity a new trail was opened on the south side of the river through the Indian reservation and over a high mountain spur to the mouth of Tamihi Creek. This trail was used until the first of July. The river was then bridged a short distance below McGuire's ranch by felling a large tree across the deep channel to a gravel bar from which it was possible to ford to the farther shore.

The main wagon road up the Chilliwack was also found washed out at the "Big Slide." This obstruction necessitated the establishment of the supply camp well down the river at a point about 3 miles above the Vedder bridge.