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CONTENTS
Page
Introduction
Treaties of 1908 and 1925, appointments of the Commissioners, and reservation of lands
along the International Boundary.
Treaty between the United States of America and the United Kingdom concerning
the boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Article I. The boundary through Passamaquoddy Bay.
Article II. The boundary from the mouth to the source of the St. Croix River..
Article III. The boundary from the source of the St. Croix River to the St.
Lawrence River..
XIII
1
3
5
Article IV. The boundary from its intersection with the St. Lawrence River
to the mouth of Pigeon River.......
6
Article V. The boundary from the mouth of Pigeon River to the Northwestern-
most Point of the Lake of the Woods_
7
Article VI. The boundary from the Northwesternmost Point of the Lake of
the Woods to the summit of the Rocky Mountains
Article VII. The boundary from the summit of the Rocky Mountains to the
Gulf of Georgia.
Article VIII. The boundary from the forty-ninth parallel to the Pacific Ocean_
Article IX. General provisions_
Article X
Treaty between the United States of America and His Britannic Majesty, in respect
of the Dominion of Canada, to define more accurately at certain points and to
complete the International Boundary between the United States and Canada and
to maintain the demarcation of that boundary.
8
9
10
Article I
Article II
Article III.
Article IV.
Article V.
Appointments of the Commissioners under concurrent action of 1902-1903 and
under the treaty of 1908:
11
12
13
14
15
Dr. W. F. King for His Britannic Majesty
Messrs. O. H. Tittmann and Charles D. Walcott for the United States.
Mr. O. H. Tittmann for the United States.
Dr. W. F. King for His Britannic Majesty.
Mr. E. C. Barnard for the United States
Mr. J. J. McArthur for His Britannic Majesty.
Mr. E. Lester Jones for the United States
Mr. J. D. Craig for His Britannic Majesty.
Mr. James H. Van Wagenen for the United States.
Mr. Noel J. Ogilvie for His Britannic Majesty
Mr. Thomas Riggs for the United States__
16
17
18
19
20
21
Treaties of 1908 and 1925--Continued.
Reservation of lands along the International Boundary:
Proclamations by the President of the United States of America.
Action taken by the Provincial Governments of the Dominion of Canada.
Reservations by the Province of British Columbia..
Reservations by the Province of Alberta
Reservations by the Province of Saskatchewan.
Reservations by the Province of Manitoba
Agreement of the Commissioners as to the manner in which the provisions of the con-
current action of 1902-1903, of articles VI and VII of the treaty of 1908, and of articles
I and II of the treaty of 1925 should be carried out.
Retracement of the boundary line.
Field operations.
Season of 1901-Reconnaissance west of the Rocky Mountains.
Western Canadian party -
Eastern Canadian party...
38
United States astronomic and topographic parties
39
First United States geologic party-Point Roberts to Osoyoos Lake
42
Second United States geologic party-West crossing of the Kootenai River to
Osoyoos Lake..........
44
Third United States geologic party-Kootenai River at Porthill, Idaho, to
summit of the Rocky Mountains.
45
Season of 1902-Reconnaissance west of the Rocky Mountains
47
Western Canadian party-Point Roberts.
United States parties.
Eastern Canadian party-Similkameen River to South Fork of Salmon River.
Season of 1903-South Fork of Salmon River to the summit of the Rocky Mountains.
Canadian party-West of Porthill, Idaho.
Astronomic party
First astronomic subparty.
Second astronomic subparty
Third astronomic subparty.
Topographic party - -
First topographic subparty.
48
50
51
52
53
54
Season of 1904-Skagit River to the summit of the Rocky Mountains.
Field operations-Continued.
Season of 1905-Detached sections west of the summit of the Rocky Mountains___
70
Rocky Mountains.
Canadian parties.
Triangulation subparty.
Second subparty -
Main party-
Third subparty.
Fourth subparty.
Monumenting parties.
Joint inspection party.
Season of 1907-Point Roberts to the Skagit River; and joint inspection west of the
83
86
87
88
89
Season of 1908-Conclusion of work west of the Rocky Mountains; and the boundary
from Coutts, Alberta, 100 miles eastward to Lodge Creek.
92
The boundary west of the summit of the Rocky Mountains.
The boundary east of the summit of the Rocky Mountains.
Canadian party-
93
Season of 1909-From the summit of the Rocky Mountains eastward to Frenchman
Creek
Canadian party
94
United States party-
95
Season of 1910-From the North Fork of Milk River to Coutts, Alberta; from
Frenchman Creek to the Middle Fork of Poplar River; and from the West Branch
of Short Creek to the east slope of the Turtle Mountains.
96
United States party.
Season of 1911-From the Middle Fork of Poplar River to the West Branch of Short
Creek; and from the east slope of the Turtle Mountains to Red River:
Canadian party -
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99
Season of 1912-From Red River to Lake of the Woods; the meridian line; and meas-
urement of bases, Rocky Mountains to Lake of the Woods___
100
Seasons of 1917 to 1922-Completion of field operations under the provisions of the
treaty of 1908____
Season of 1926 and subsequent thereto Maintenance under the treaty of 1925_
Field and office methods and results:
Horizontal control.
Monuments and monumenting
Types of monuments.
The boundary vista
Topography --
Season of 1913-The meridian line and the 49th parallel near Lake of the Woods.
Season of 1914-Numbering the monuments____.
102
103
104
106
114
115
126
127
137
Establishment of the point adopted in lieu of the original Northwesternmost Point of Lake
of the Woods in accordance with the provisions of the treaty of 1925-
Description and definition of the International Boundary Line from the Gulf of Georgia
(Georgia Strait) to the Northwesternmost Point of Lake of the Woods.
Geographic positions of monuments marking the International Boundary from the
Gulf of Georgia (Georgia Strait) to the Northwesternmost Point of Lake of the
Woods
Geographic positions of marks and monuments ranging and referencing the Inter-
national Boundary from the Gulf of Georgia (Georgia Strait) to the Northwestern-
most Point of Lake of the Woods.
Conclusion
Appendix I. Historical sketch.
Explorations of the interior..
143
144
160
161
163
178
The Jay Treaty. Treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation (1794), Article IV...
Treaty of peace and amity (Treaty of Ghent, 1814), Article VII.
184
186
Convention of 1818, Articles II and III
187
Convention continuing in force Article III of the Convention of 1818 (1827), Articles
I, II, and III...
188
The Oregon Treaty. Treaty establishing the boundary in the territory on the
northwest coast of America lying westward of the Rocky Mountains (1846).
Conferences and agreements of the Commissioners of 1857-69
Final report of the British Commissioner..
Astronomical determinations.
Longitudes and descriptions of monuments
Official description of the boundary..
Methods and results of field work.
Boundary east of the summit of the Rocky Mountains.
Final proceedings of the Commission..
198
202
205
208
210
214
216