by John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Albert Gallatin, on the part of the
United States, and Frederick J. Robinson, Henry Goulbourn, and William
Adams, on the part of Great Britain. Ratified by the Prince Regent, on the
31st. of July, 1815, and by the President and Senate, on the 22d. of Decem-
ber, 1815; on which latter day ratifications were exchanged at Washington, p. 276
Art. 1. Reciprocal liberty of commerce between the territories of the United States and the
British territories in Europe-Complete protection to commerce, subject to the
Paws of each country
2. No higher or other duties, on the importation or exportation of the productions etc.
of each country, than on those of other foreign countries-Prohibitions on the
importation or exportation of the productions of either country, to extend to all
other nations-Equality of duties on American and British vessels Equality of
duties on the produce, etc. of each country, whether imported in American or
British vessels-Equality of duties and bounties on the exportation, from one
country to the other, of the productions of either, in British or American vessels ;
Drawbacks the same, whether the goods were originally imported in American
or British bottoms; except in re-exportation, in the vessels of one party from
the country of the other, to a third foreign nation-Intercourse with the British
W. Indies and N. American continental possessions, not affected by this article.. 277
S. United States' vessels may trade to Calcutta, Bombay, and Prince of Wales' Island,
direct, in articles not prohibited: but not to export military or naval stores or rice
thence, when the British are at war-Citizens of the United States not to pay for
their vessels, in the permitted ports of the East Indies, more than is paid on ves-
sels of the most favored European nation-Articles must be conveyed direct to
the United States, and be unladen-Vessels of the United States not to carry on
the coasting trade in the British East Indies; but may proceed, with part, or the
whole, of their original cargoes, from one permitted place to another-American
vessels may touch, for refreshment, in voyages to or from British India and China,
at the Cape of Good Hope, St. Helena, etc......
4. Consuls to reside in the dominions of each party, who may be punished according to
law, or sent home-Particular places excepted from the residence of consuls.... 279
5. This convention, when ratified, to be obligatory for four years
Declaration-St. Helena allotted for the future residence of Napolean Bonaparte, for
the security of his person-All vessels, except those of the East India Company,
excluded from all communication with the island-Treaty concluded and exchang
ed with the understanding referred to.
8. Convention respecting fisheries, boundaries, &c. of the 20th. of October, 1818;
negotiated at London, by Albert Gallatin and Richard Rush, on the part of
the United States, and Frederick J. Robinson and Henry Goulbourn, on the
part of Great Britain. Ratifications exchanged at Washington on the 30th.
of January, 1819. By this Convention, the provisions of the Convention,
of London, of the 3d. of July, 1815, are continued for ten years.
Art. 1. Definition of the extent of the common rights of fishing, &c. on the coasts of the
British dominions in America-Exception as to the Hudson Bay Company-Rights
of proprietors as to drying and curing fish, to be respected-Renunciation by the
United States as to other fisheries, provided, &c.
2. Definition of the northern boundary of the United States, from the Lake of the Woods
to the Stony Mountains, 3. Country claimed by either party westward of the
Stony Mountains, its harbours, &c. to be free to both parties until October 20,
1828, without prejudice to the claim of either party, or to that of any other pow-
er, 4. The Convention of London, of the 3d. of July, 1815, continued for ten
5. Reference to the first article of the treaty of Ghent,
Claim for slaves under the first article of the Treaty of Ghent-Differences grow-
ing out of the claims for slaves; to be referred to some friendly Sovereign or
State The decision to be final. 6. This convention obligatory on exchange
of ratifications,
9. Convention of St. Petersburgh, of the 12th. of July, 1822, respecting
meaning of the first article of the treaty of Ghent, in relation to an indemnifica-
tion for slaves taken from the United States during the late war with G Britain ;
negotiated at St. Petersburgh, by Henry Middleton, on the part of the United
States, Count Nesselrode and Count Capodistrias, on the part of Russia, and
Charles Bagot, on the part of Great Britain. Ratifications exchanged on the
10th. of January, 1823, page..
The United States and Great Britain agree to refer their differences, with respect to
the meaning of the first article of the treaty of Ghent to the Emperor of Russia,
in pursuance of the fifth article of the convention of the 20th of October, 1818;
His Imperial Majesty's award-The United States are entitled to claim a just in-
demnification for such slaves as were within the places and territories to be restor-
ed, &c. Such slaves as may have been transferred from these territories to Bri-
tish vessels within the waters of the said territories, and have not been restored,
to be considered as carried away, etc.-For American slaves, who were
carried away from territories not stipulated to be restored, no indemnification,. 284
His Imperial Majesty's good offices have been invoked to assist in framing a convention
between the United States and Great Britain,...
Art. 1. Two commissioners and two arbitrators to be appointed; one commissioner and
one arbitrator by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, and one commissioner and one arbitrator by his Britannic
Majesty-They shall meet as a board, in the City of Washington, and shall appoint
their Secretary-Oath or affirmation, to be taken in presence of each other-
Vacancies to be filled up in the manner of appointment
2. If an average value be not agreed upon, as compensation, the commissioners and ar-
bitrators shall examine evidence, so as to fix an average value-In case they shall
not agree, the evidence and proceedings shall be submitted to the minister or agt.
of the mediating power accredited to the United States, shall be final,.......... 289
3. The two commissioners to constitute a board for examination of claims--No claims to
be admitted but such as are contained in a list to be furnished by the Secretary of
State-His Britannic Majesty to cause to be produced all the evidence in posses-
sion of his government, of the number of the slaves carried away. 4. The two
commissioners to examine and determine claims under the rule of the Imperial
decision, with reference, to the annexed explanatory documents, marked A and B 291
5. If the two commissioners shall not agree in any particular case, they shall draw, by
lot, the name of one of the arbitrators, who shall consult with them, and the opin-
ion of a majority of the three shall be the final decision-The arbitrator, while so
acting, shall be deemed a commissioner.
6. The decision of the two commis-
sioners, or of the majority, as in the preceding article, shall be final-His Britannic
Majesty engages to pay the sums awarded in specie, without deduction, at the
time and place specified by the commissioners---Payments not to be made in less
than twelve months after the exchange of the ratifications....
7. The commissioners and arbitrators to be paid, as shall be agreed upon between the
governments of the United States and Great Britain, at the exchange of the rati-
fications-All other expenses to be paid jointly. 8. A certified copy of this
convention, after ratification, to be delivered by each of the contracting parties to
the minister or agent of the mediating power near the United States
A. Correspondence communicating the opinion of his Imperial Majesty.
This opinion to be considered as the Emperor's final award-Governed in it by the
grammatical sense of the first article of the treaty-Motives set forth.
Award of his Imperial Majesty
Considerations which influenced the Emperor in making his award-Decided according
to the literal and grammatical sense of the first article of the treaty of Ghent
The United States entitled to a just indemnification
B. Mr. Bagot's understanding, &c.
• page 302
His Imperial Majesty adheres to the grammatical interpretation, and declares, a second
time, that indemnification is due to the United States
10. Convention awarding the amount of indemnification under the St. Peters-
burgh Convention, of the 13th of November, 1826; negotiated at Lon-
don, by Albert Gallatin, on the part of the United States, and William
Huskisson and Henry U. Addington, on the part of Great Britain.
Ratifications exchanged in London, on the 6th day of February, 1827, 306
Art. 1. $1,240,960 to be paid, in full, for all indemnification. 2. Convention cancelled.
3. The sum of $1,240,960 in two equal payments---First payment in twenty days; and the
last on the first of August, 1827. 4. Final adjustment. 5. Documents, &c. 307
11. Declaration &c., expressed by the above parties
Declaration of the commissioners, accompanying their decision--Each of the commis-
sioners has yielded a part of his individual opinion, &c.....
12. Decision of the Commissioners under the 4th article of the treaty of Ghent,
respecting certain islands in the bay of Passamaquoddy; adjusted by John
Holmes, on the part of the United States, and Thomas Barclay, on
the part of Great Britain
Moose Island, Dudley Island, and Frederick Island, belong to the United States.
Other Islands belong to Great Britain
13. Decision, &c., designating the north-western boundary line of the United States,
under the 6th article of the treaty of Ghent
14. Convention regulating the reference between the United States and Great
Britain, on the settlement of the Boundary Line, described in the fifth
article of the treaty of Ghent, concluded at London, Sept 29, 1827 315
Object of this convention-Negotiators
Art. 1. Differences to be referred to some friendly sovereign-Decision within two years.... 316
2. New statements to be substituted instead of reports.
3. Regulations as to evidence to be brought in-Public acts-Maps, surveys, &c.-Por-
tions of reports. 4. Mitchell's map to be annexed--Transcript of eng'ved maps, &c. 317
5. All statements, etc. to be simultaneously delivered in. 6. Further evidence per-
mitted-Arbiter may ordain additional surveys
7. Arbiter's decision is final and conclusive. 8. Ratifications
HANSEATIC REPUBLICS.
Convention of friendship, commerce, and navigation, between the United States
of America, and the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Ham-
burg. Dated, Washington, December 20, 1829,
Rules to be observed in commercial intercourse
Art. 1 Perfect reciprocity in importation of merchandise, and tonnage, &c.
Regulations respecting boundaries and drawback
2. Importation and exportation, placed on a footing of equality
3. Preference in purchases, not to be allowed by either party.
4. The three Hanseatic cities, in relation to crews, to be considered as one people.
8. Special protection to persons and property of the citizens of both parties
Treaty of peace and friendship between the United States of America, and his
imperial majesty the Emperor of Morocco,.
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson, appointed by congress, on
12th May, 1784 to negotiate a treaty of amity and commerce with the emperor of
Morocco &c. and empowered to appoint an agent, &c.
Thomas Barclay appointed agent.
Treaty of peace and friendship between the United States and Morocco.
Art. 1. Mutual agreement of the parties to the articles of the treaty.
2. Neither party to take commissions from an enemy. 3. Persons or goods of one
party, captured in an enemy vessel by the other, to be released. Enemy goods,
laden on board a vessel of either party to pass free. 4. Vessels to have
passports. Ships under convoy free. Art. 5. Visit of vessels at sea. Satisfac-
tion for damages.
6. American citizens and effects to be restored.
7. Vessels in port to be supplied.
9. Stranded vessels to be protected.
compelled to land cargoes.
8. No duty in case of vessels putting in to repair.
Vessels putting in from stress of weather, not
10. Vessels engaged within gunshot of forts,
stranded at Wadnoon, &c.
11. Enemy vessels not allowed to follow for 24 hours, &c. 12. Ships of war
not to be examined in port, &c. Fugitive slaves.
12. Salutes to be returaed. 14. American commerce on the most favored footing, &c. 476
15. Employment of interpreters, &c. Loading of vessels.
Wages of laborers. Art. 16. Prisoners to be exchanged. Balance of prisoners
to be paid for $100 per man.
compulsion in buying or selling.
except on proof of contraband, &c.
20. Disputes between Americans, &c. to be decided by the consul, &c.
21. Killing or wounding on either side, punishable by the law of the country, &c. 477
Escape of delinquents. Art. 22. Persons dying intestate, &c. care of their effects. 477
Art. 23. Residence of consuls. [It is generally Tangier.] 477
Exchanges in 12 months, &c. 17. No
18. No examination of goods on board,
19. No detention of vessels. Freights,&c. 476
Validity of wills.
American consuls not accountable for debts of citizens. 24. No appeal to arms
until refusal of friendly arrangement. In case of war, nine months allowed to
settle affairs, &c. 25. This treaty to last fifty years.
Additional article. American vessels in ports of Morocco, to be protected; and not
followed out of port, by an enemy. Thomas Barclay's certificate to the transla-
tion.
Approval by John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
NETHERLANDS.
No 1. Of amity and commerce, of the 8th of October, 1782; negotiated at the Hague,
by John Adams, on the part of the United States, and George Van Randwyck,
B. V. D. Santheuvel, P. V. Bleiswyk, W. C. H. Van Lynden, D. I. Van
Heeckeren, Joan Von Kuffeler, F. G. Van Dedem, and H. Tjassens, for the
Netherlands. Ratified by Congress on the 22d of January, 1783.
Art. 1. Firm and inviolable peace and friendship between the two nations
2. Subjeets of the United Netherlands, to pay no higher duties in the ports of the United
States, than the most favored nations
3. Citizens of the United States, to pay no greater duties in the ports of the United Ne-
therlands, than the most favored nations
4. Liberty of conscience secured to each party, in the dominions of the other,
5. Both parties to protect vessels of the other in their ports, and to convoy the vessels
of each other, in case of a common enemy
6. Citizens of each party may dispose of their effects by will or otherwise, in the domin-
ions of the other-regulations concerning the disposing of the same
Art. 7. Each party to employ such attorneys as they please, .
8. Vessels not to be detained for public or private use-nothing extorted by force
9. Both parties to manage their own concerns in the territories of the other.
10. Free trade to the ports of an enemy, merchant vessels to exhibit sea-letters-vessels
not having contraband allowed to pass; when under convoy.
11. In case of contraband hatches not to be broken at sea, but in ports only-due process
of law, before sale of contraband--neither the ship, nor the free goods to be affect-
ed thereby-captors to be condemned in costs when no contraband is found-free
ships make free goods, and persons, except those actually in the service of an
enemy, shall not be molested
12. Goods liable to confiscation, unless shipped before a declaration of war, or 6 months
thereafter-proviso, in case of contraband
13. Vessels of war, or privateers, not to do injury to either party, if they do, to be punish'd 146
14. Privateer captains to give sufficient bonds for misconduet
15. Goods rescued from pirates to be restored to the real owners
16. In case of shipwreck, friendly aid shall be afforded and property restored, if claimed
within one year and a day
17. The vessels of either party, if driven by stress of weather into the ports of the
other, to be treated with humanity.
18. Nine months allowed, in case of war, to either party, to dispose of their effects.
19. The citizens or subjects of neither party to take commissions, or letters of marque,
from a state with whom the other may be at war.
20. The vessels of either party entering the ports of the other, and unwilling to break
bulk, permitted to depart without paying duty.
21. Each party to allow consuls from the others to reside in its ports.
22. This treaty not to derogate from the 9th, 10th, 17th, and 22d articles of the treaty
with France, of the 6th February, 1778
23. The United Netherlands, by means of their consuls, to aid the United States in form-
ing treaties with the Barbary powers.
24. Contraband specified-discrimination with respect to goods not contraband
25. Sea-letter regulation-regulations for the papers of merchant ships
26. Armed vessels visiting a merchantman to remain out of cannon shot
27. Commanders of U. S. vessels may engage American seamen in ports of Holland-
and commanders of Dutch vessels the same in ports of the United States
28. The refraction [with respect to tobacco] to be regulated in case of complaint
Form of the passport required by art. 25, of the preceding treaty,
Form of the certificate required by art. 25, see page 154
2. Convention concerning vessels recaptured, of the 8th of October, 1782; nego-
tiated at the Hague, by John Adams, on the part of the United States, and
George Van Randwyck, B. V. D. Santheuvel, P. V. Bleiswik, W. C. H.
Van Lynden, D. I. Van Heeckeren, Joan Van Kuffeler, F. G. Van Dedem,
and H. Tjassens, on the part of the Netherlands. Ratified by congress on
the 23d of January, 1783.
1. Recaptured vessels not having been 24 hours in possession of an enemy of either party,
to be restored, on payment of one third salvage to privateers,
2. Recaptured vessels more than twenty-four hours in the possession of an enemy to be
entire prizes to privateersmen
3. Vessels of either party recaptured by public vessels of the other, to be restored, on
payment of a 30th part, if 24 hours in possession; if longer a tenth part,
4. Restitution of recaptured vessels, to be made in a reasonable time, on giving surety : 164
5. Vessels of war and privateers, to be admitted, with their prizes into the ports of both
nations, if not inconsistent with the 22d art. of the treaty of commerce,
6. Each nation may make regulations respecting captures by privateers.
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