our knowledge will suffice to illustrate his character:-During the hard winter of 1813, while the snow interrupted the communication between different parts of the country, he set the example of a sledge, and drove about his neighbourhood alone, because his servants were unwilling to encounter the risk. At this time he heard of an act of cruelty committed on a pauper by the overseers of a parish twenty miles from Southill; and, conceiving that the case called for prompt correction, he immediately drove across the country, with great personal hazard, in his sledge, convened a parish meeting, exposed the misconduct of the overseers, and procured the relief of the pauper, whose life had been endangered. From his fire-side his vigorous mind extended through his house, his estate, his parish, his hundred, his county, and finally embraced the whole family of man. In all these relations he was equally able and useful; and, amid so great a variety of cares, it is not to be wondered that he was sometimes considered peremptory when he had occasion to arouse indifference, severe when it was necessary to expose and correct crime, and stern if he found himself called upon to compromise with vice. Such were the necessary results of superior virtue, of practice founded on rectitude, of an habitual sense of right and wrong, and of a keen insight into the corruptions and artifices of designing persons, to whom he was an INFLEXIBLE

ENEMY.

There is one other relation in which Mr. Whitbread was known to the public, and that was as a man of business. He inherited, from his venerated father, one of the most considerable breweries in London; and, notwithstanding his attention to his public duties, as a member of parliament and a magistrate, he never neglected this legitimate, and in him honourable, source of wealth.As a man of principle in all things, he constantly resisted the baneful practice of purchasing public houses, for the purpose of forcing upon the town an inferior and deleterious commodity, but depended on the fair demand of the public, and on the free agency of his customers. The size of the plant, though once the most considerable in London, and on that account a celebrated object

of royal curiosity, did not enable him to brew so much as some other houses, yet the demand of the public on his house was probably equal to that on any other; and he and his partners contrived to meet it by purchasing largely the approved brewings of many other houses, which they could often effect on better terms than they could brew themselves. On this subject it may be justly said, that Whitbread's ENTIRE was as much approved as a stimulus for the body-natural, as his lessons of truth and liberty were admired for their beneficial effects on the bodypolitic.

"The death of a patriot," says one of his friends, "so steady, intrepid, and zealous, in the cause of his country and of human freedom, will be long, deeply, and universally deplored. The loss of Mr. Whitbread in the British parliament is a loss to the civilized world-for, like the exalted model of his conduct as a senator (Mr. Fox), he was the constant, able, and disinterested advocate of justice, freedom, and humanity, wherever and by whomsoever assailed. No man who had a claim on the virtuous for protection ever applied to him in vain. He was the earnest and indefatigable friend of the oppressed; and in the prosecution of justice was dismayed by no combination of power, clamour, or calumny-wearied out by no difficulties, and exhausted by no fatigue. In all his exertions, the only creature whose interests he did not consult were his own; for, of all public characters, we should point Mr. Whitbread out as the individual who had the least consideration for himself, and who was the least actuated by personal motives. His heart and mind were wholly devoted to the amelioration of the state of society, to the maintenance of the rights which our forefathers acquired, and to the communication of those blessings to others which we ourselves enjoy. His views were all public.He could not be diverted from the right path by any species of influence, for he was inflexible alike to flattery and to corruption. He invariably objected to that system by which the burthens of Great Britain have been so dreadfully accumulated, because he believed that the object of the league of sovereigns was more to restrain the rising spirit of a

just liberty, than to withstand the insatiate ambition of a single individual; and his justification in this sentiment was, the proof that they never adhered, in success, to the professions with which they set out in adversity. He was the warm, liberal, and enthusiastic encourager of universal education, from the pure feeling of benevolence that actuated all his life. He was convinced that to enlighten the national mind, and to make a people familiar with the Holy Scriptures, was to make them strong, moral, and happy. He was no bigot to forms of worship, and therefore was friendly to those institutions, the object of which is to instruct the young mind in the precepts of christianity, according to the tenets which the mature judgment or predilection of the parent might wish to imprint on the child. In his friendships no man went greater lengths, or was more ready to sacrifice time, ease, and comfort, than himself. This was conspicuously shewn in the arduous undertaking of the re-establishment of Drury-lane theatre, which will ever remain a monument of his disinterested labour and perseverance, as well as of the high confidence which was reposed in his power and integrity by the public; for, to his exertions, to his character, and to his invincible constancy alone, are the public indebted for the restoration of that edifice; and it is a memorable trait in his character, that, having the whole patronage in his hand, not one person, male or female, employed in the establishment, owed their appointment to any personal dependence on himself, or connection with his family, but in every instance he selected the fittest objects that presented themselves for the situation that they gained. We fear that, to the daily and hourly fatigues-nay, we may say, the persecution that he endured in this great work, through the petulance, the cabals, and the torment of contrary interests, we must attribute the decline of his health, and the sudden termination of a life so dear to the public. The incessant annoyance preyed on his mind, and strengthened the attacks of a plethoric habit of body, which threatened apoplexy. For some weeks past he had been afflicted with incessant head-ache, and his physicians had advised him to abstain from all exertion,

even that of speaking in parliament. No man was more temperate in his mode of living. He was happy in his domestic society surrounded by an amiable and accomplished family-and in the possession of all that fortune, with the consciousness of the honest discharge of every duty, public and private, could bestow. No man will be more sensibly missed by the people as one of their representatives, for no man was more vigilant, more undaunted, more faithful in watching over their interests, nor more ardent in asserting their rights. He had the good old English character of openness and sincerity.He called things by their right names, and his detestation of every thing in the nature of a job, made him the terror of delinquents. His death will be an universal source of sorrow to the country; and now that courtiers are released from his castigation, even they will do justice to his talents and integrity."

In the House of Commons, on the 11th, on the occasion of moving for a new writ for Bedford, the marquis of Tavistock, Mr. Wilberforce, and the Chancellor of the Exche quer, took occasion to express the following sentiments:

The marquis of Tavistock rose, evidently under the strongest emotion, and addressed the Speaker to the following effect :

Sir-I am persuaded that it must be quite unnecessary for me to say that I am at this moment labouring under feelings of the most painful and afflicting nature. (Hear! hear! hear!) I wish, however, shortly to state to the house the reasons which induce me to depart from the usual practice in moving for a new writ, in order that I may pay a humble, but sincere, tribute of affection to the memory of my departed friend. Sir, it is not on any consideration of private friendshipit is not on any contemplation of his many virtues as a private individua!-it is on the reflection of the great space which he occupied in this house-it is on the recollection of his splendid abilities-it is on the convic tion which we who thought with him on political subjects entertain of the advantage which the country derived from his exertions, that I found my excuse for this address-that I even claim the concurrence of all those who hear me in the feelings which

agitate me at the present moment. (Hear! hear! hear!) I am well aware, Sir, that a great majority of this house thought his opinions erroneous. But I speak it with confidence-I am sure that there is not one of his political opponents who will not lay his hand on his heart and say that he always found in him a manly antagonist. (Hear! hear! hear!) The House of Commons will, I am persuaded, ever do justice to the good intentions of those who honestly dissent from the sentiments of the majority. Accustomed to defend his opinions with earnestness and with earnestness and warmth, the energies of his admirable and comprehensive mind would never permit the least approach to tameness or indifference. But no particle of animosity ever found a place in his breast; and, to use his own words on another melancholy occasion, "he never carried his political enmity beyond the threshold of this house." (Hear! hear! hear!) It was his uniform practice to do justice to the motives of his political opponents; and I am happy to feel that the same justice is done to his motives by them. (Hear! hear! hear!) To those, Sir, who were more immediately acquainted with his exalted character-who knew the directness of his mind, his zeal for truth, his unshaken love of his country, the ardour and boldness of his disposition-incapable of dismay, his unaffected humanity, and his other various and excellent qualities, his loss is irreparable. (Hear! hear! hear!) But most of all it But most of all it will be felt by the poor in his neighbourhood. Truly might he be called "the poor man's friend." Only those who, like myself, have had the opportunity of observing his conduct nearly, can be aware of his unabating zeal in promoting the happiness of all around him. (Hear! hear! hear!) Thousands of individuals have benefited by the generosity of his heart; and the county, the principal town of which he represented, contains imperishable records of his active philanthropy, as well as that of the good man who went before him. (Hear! hear! hear!) His eloquent appeals in this house in favour of the unfortunateappeals exhibiting the frankness and honesty of the true English character-will adorn the pages of the historian; although, at the present moment, they afford a subject of

melancholy retrospect to those who have formerly dwelt with delight on the benevo lence of heart which always beat, and on the vigour of an intellect which was always employed for the benefit of his fellow creatures. (Hear! hear! hear!) Sir, I am conscious that I need not entreat pardon of the house at large for thus indulging in the praise of my lamented friend; but I owe an apology to those who loved him, for the feebleness with which it has been bestowed. (Hear! hear! hear!) I move, Sir, that the speaker do issue his warrant to the clerk of the crown, to make out a new writ for the election of a burgess to serve in the present parliament for the borough of Bedford, in the room of Samuel Whitbread, esq. deceased.

Mr. Wilberforce expressed the gratification which he felt at the pathetic speech of the noble marquis, which afforded an additional proof that the best eloquence was that of the heart. (Hear! hear! hear!) He wished to add his testimony to the excellent qualities of the lamented individual whose death had rendered the present motion necessary; and, in doing so, he could with truth declare that he was only one of many thousands, rich as well as poor, by whom his character had been most highly estimated. Well had it been termed by the noble marquis," a truly English character." Even its defects, trifling as they were, (and what character was altogether without defect?) were those which belonged to the English character. Never had there existed a more complete Englishman. (Hear! hear! hear!) All who knew him must recollect the indefatigable earnestness and perseverance with which, during the course of his life, he directed his talents and the whole of his time to the public interest; and, although he (Mr. Wilberforce) differed from him on many occasions, yet he always did full justice to his public spirit and love of his country. (Hear! hear! hear!) He was capable (as had been seen at various times) of controlling the strongest feelings of personal attachment, when he thought that his duty to the public compelled him to do so. (Hear! hear! hear!) It was a melancholy satis faction to those who loved him, to see that those who had differed from him on many political questions, nevertheless considered

him as one of those public treasures, the loss of which must, by all parties, be deeply lamented. (Hear! hear! hear!) For himself, he (Mr. Wilberforce) could never forget the important assistance which he derived from his zeal and ability in the great cause which he had so long advocated in that house. On every occasion, indeed, in which the condition of human beings was concerned and the lower their state the stronger their recommendation to his favour-no one was more anxious to apply his great powers to increase the happiness of mankind. (Hear! hear! hear!)

The Chancellor of the Exchequer stated, that it was far from his wish to detain the house, after the address, replete with feeling and propriety, which they had heard from the noble marquis, (hear! hear! hear!) and after the excellent observations of his hon. friend. (Hear! hear! hear!) All that he desired to say was, that it must be some consolation to the noble marquis, and to the whole house, to feel, that, whatever difference of opinion might exist on political questions, there was no one who did not do justice to the virtues and talents of the object of their regret, or who for a moment supposed that he was actuated in his public conduct by any other motive than a conviction of public duty. (Hear! hear! hear!)

Perhaps the several parties in the House of Commons never united more cordially in expressions of sorrow for the loss of a member. But it should be recollected that Mr. Whitbread was one of the last surviving, in life or in political consistency, of that great school of senatorial eloquence which will for ever impart lustre to the age of George the Third. Never was there before seen in the

House of Commons, or in any assembly of ancient or modern times, a cotemporary race so justly renowned as Fox, Burke, Grey, Sheridan, Whitbread, Pitt, Erskine, Wilberforce, Windham, and Grattan. Of this illus trious band, it was almost the solitary glory of Mr. Whitbread not to have outlived those principles on which were reared the monument of his fame; and, in the House of Commons, whatever may be the voice of its ministerial majorities, on ministerial questions, the perceptions of truth and virtue are still strong enough to produce unanimity on indifferent subjects. Nor could it be overlooked in that house, that, after the death of Mr. Fox, it fell to the lot of Mr. Whitbread to encounter, with feeble aid and divided force, that REACTION OF POWER which the previous exertions of his party had generated; which has proved so fatal to the glory of several of his co-patriots, which has destroyed public spirit, and which still endangers our most valued liberties. Experience has shewn that it requires firmness, disinterestedness, and other difficult virtues, to be superadded to genius and eloquence, to qualify public men to die in the honourable course in which they have lived. Alas! how many in our times have cancelled a life of honour, to administer to the worst passions, or flatter the weakest prejudices, for the sake of obtaining smiles, titles, places, and pensions! It was, however, the rare glory of Mr. Whitbread to die in the acmé of unsullied fame; and it is the consolation of his friends to know, that though, by living longer, he might have been longer useful, yet that he could never have achieved HIGHER GLORY, or more deservedly have secured the GRATITUDE OF HIS COUNTRY!

It was not unnatural that the restored dynasty should wish to punish those who signalised themselves in the great national attempt to exclude them from the throne, and if the five or six military men of rank, who were the first to declare for Napoleon on his advance to Cannes, have since been shot, disgraced, or banished, there is nothing unusual.

Treason can ne'er succeed: pray what's the reason ? 'Cause when it does, no one can call it treason.

An entire oblivion of offences, and a general amnesty, would have been the wisest policy on the part of the king. But the mild and benevolent feelings of Louis were perverted, or rendered inefficient, by the importunities of his family, who breathed only the language of rancorous revenge. In compliance with their pressing representations, he issued a variety of arbitrary ordonances, in one of which he declared that the following individuals should no longer constitute a part of the house of peers:

Counts Clement de Ris, Colchee, Cornudet, d'Aboville; the duke of Dantzic; counts de Croix, Dedelay d'Agier, Dejean, Fabre de l'Aude Gassendi, Lacepede, and de Latour Maubourg; Dukes de Praslin and de Plaisance; marshals and dukes d'Elchingen, Albufera, Cornegliano, and Treviso; count de Barral, archbishop of Tours; count Boissy d'Anglas; duke de Cadore; counts de Canclaux, Casabianca, de Montesquieu, de Pontecoulant, Rampon, de Segur, de Valence, and Belliard. From these individuals none were to be excepted, unless they could prove that they had not sat, nor wished to sit, in Napoleon's chamber of peers, to which they had been called.

In another ordonance, Louis proscribed the generals and officers who betrayed him

previous to the 21st of March; ordered them to be arrested, and condemned them to be brought before competent councils of war in their respective divisions. The following are the names of the individuals thus de nounced:

Ney, Labedoyere, the two brothers D'Allemand, Drouet, D'Erlon, Lefebvre Desnouettes, Ameith, Brayer, Gillon, Monton Duvernet, Grouchy, Clausel, Laborde, Debelle, Bertrand, Drouet, Cambrone, La Valette, and Rovigo.

The following were in three days ordered to quit Paris, and retire into the interior of France, to places appointed by the minister of police. They were permitted to dispose of their property in the course of a year, and to transport its produce out of France:—

Soult, Alix Excelmans, Bassano, Marbot, Felix Le Pelletier, Boulay de la Meurthe, Mehee Tressenet, Thibaudeau, Carnot, Vandamme, Lamarque, Lobau, Harel, Pierre, Barrere, Arnaut, Pommereuil, Regnaud de St. Jean d'Angely, Arrighi, Dejean junior, Garrau, Real, Buvier, Dumolard, Merlin, Durbach, Divat, Defermont, Bory Saint Vincent, Felix Deportes, Garnier-de-Saintes, Melliner, Holin, Cluys, Curtin, Forbin Jansen the elder, and Le Lorne Diderille.

The other decrees suppressed the offices of inspectors-general of artillery and engineers, abolished the general inspection of the gend'armerie, re-organised the army, levied enor mous sums on the people for the use of the confederates, and announced the formation of a new house of peers, consisting of emigrants and a few revolutionists. A commission was at the same time authorised, to examine" the conduct of officers who served during the usurpation," and its functions were announced in the following decrees: