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istics that become distinguishing and hereditary. These combined marks define race, and are not to be confounded with the term "people." A people is a collection of human beings living together under a definite nationality and occupying a specific region. It is an elastic term, applying, it may be, to a small community, as the people of a certain valley or plain, but can also include all who are under the sway of a great nationality. In Europe there are the people of France, Belgium, Scandinavia, and Germany; of Italy, Spain, and Portugal; of Switzerland, Tirol, and the Netherlands; of the British Isles, Russia, Turkey, and Greece; and each one of these peoples becomes a problem to be solved with reference to race. No people are of one race, no race is confined to a single people. The entire population of Europe is 425,000,000, and besides the three races already mentioned, which include nearly all of this number, there are a few straggling peoples belonging to other races, such as the Basques, Lapps, Magyars, Semites, and Gypsies.

of the

In the classification just described the races are only ideal types; but one of the latest authors on this subject, Deniker, publishes a scheme races of men more after the manner of the naturalists. Passing by the assumption that there may have been formerly a certain small number of typical races out of which all the peoples of Europe have grown, he takes the total population as he would a number of animals, and divides them up on biological characteristics as he finds them, without inquiring into their The nations and peoples now existing in Europe have arisen from mixture in varying proportions of ancient varieties of our species. By abstracting from these millions of individuals ones having groups of definite characteristics relating to stature, the form of the head, pigmentation, and other somatic data, Deniker determines the status of each race, giving rise to six principal and four secondary races, leaving out Lapps, Ugrians, Mongolians, and others belonging to Asia.

causes.

certain

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still further into the domain of natural

history. In his work on the Mediterranean race emphasizes the obligations which modern owes to ancient peoples, like the Hamites

Europe

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1. Lesghian.

CAUCASIAN FAMILY

2. Circassian, in 72 dialects.

of Egypt and northern Africa, the Semites of
Southwestern Asia, the early Greeks, Italians,
and Iberians, for the foundation of their culture.
Laying aside the biological divisions of Euro-
pean peoples or countries, the concept of speech 1. Basque or
may be invoked to show what languages they

use.

group).

At the outset it is affirmed that no people 1. Hebrew.

BASQUE FAMILY

Euskara (with Spanish group and French

SEMITIC FAMILY

Bibliography. Sources of information on the ethnology of Europe are abundant. Ripley compiled, as a supplement to his Races of Europe, a bibliography of 2000 titles arranged by authors and by topics. The official publications of anthropological societies pay great attention to literature on all branches of this subject. The principal serials are the American Anthropologist (Washington); Annales de Démographie (Paris); Anthropologie (ib.); Archiv für Anthropologie (Brunswick); Archivio per l'Antropologia (Florence); Beiträge zur Anthropologie und Urgeschichte Bayerns (Munich); Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris (Paris); Centralblatt für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (Munich); Correspondenz-Blatt der deutschen Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (Brunswick); Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (London); Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris (Paris); Memoirs Read before the Anthropological Society of London (London); Mittheilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien (Vienna); Petermanns Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes geographi scher Anstalt (Gotha); Revue d'Anthropologie (Paris); Revue Mensuelle de l'Ecole d'Anthropologie de Paris (ib.); Revue d'Ethnographie (ib.); Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, its organ being the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (Berlin).

The following comprehensive works are more or less devoted to European ethnology: Keane, Ethnology (Cambridge, 1896); id., Man, Past and Present (ib., 1899); Ripley, The Races of Europe (New York, 1899); Deniker, The Races of Man (London, 1900); Macnamara, Origin and Character of the British People (ib., 1900); G. and A. Mortillet, Le préhistorique; origine et antiquité de l'homme (Paris, 1900); Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race (London, 1901); Obermaier, Der Mensch der Vorzeit (Berlin, 1912); Birkner, Die Rassen und Völker der Menschheit (ib., 1913). Among recent articles the following are of special interest: Von Luschan, "Beiträge zur Anthropologie Kreta," Zeitschrift für Ethnologic, pp. 307-393 (Berlin, 1913); id., "The Early Inhabitants of Western Asia," Journal of the Anthropological Institute, pp. 221-244 (London, 1911).

von

EUROPEAN CONCERT OF POWERS. This term is applied to the system of international politics which was actually in vogue from 1815 to 1822 and theoretically after the latter date. The first intimation we have of the idea is to be found in the sixth article of the Treaty of Chaumont signed Nov. 20, 1815, after a quarter century of bloody warfare. It ran as follows: "In order to consolidate the intimate tie which unites the four sovereigns (England, Russia, Austria, and Prussia) for the happiness of the world, the High Contracting Powers have agreed to renew at fixed intervals, either under their own auspices or by their respective ministers, meetings consecrated to great common objects and to the examination of such measures as at each one of these epochs shall be judged most salutary for the peace and prosperity of the nations, and the maintenance of the tranquillity of Europe." The Congress of Aix-laChapelle (1818) admitted France to the Concert and apparently the nations were all work ing in harmony, Soon after a disintegrating trend is noticed. By the protocol of Troppau (1820) Austria, Russia, and Prussia made the

aim of the Concert synonymous with Metternich's reactionary policy. This was particularly displeasing to England and France, which were liberal countries. The final break came when Great Britain refused to become a party to the Congress of Verona, which authorized France to send an army into Spain to quell a constitutional uprising. The attempt to govern Europe by the Concert system failed because the doctrine of

nationalism and the modern idea of a "State" promulgated by the French Revolution had finally come into their own on the Continent.

As an outgrowth of the foregoing system, Europe in recent years was divided into two rival alliances. The first the Triple Alliance (q.v.), signed (1882) by Germany, Austria, and Italy, and the second the Triple Entente, signed first by France and Russia (1891-95) and later by France and England (1904). Before the admission of England the former was a far more formidable agreement than the latter. Unquestionably the balance of power of Europe was preserved by these two opposite divisions. Several times previous to the war of 1914 the near Eastern question almost precipitated a far-reaching European conflict. The greatest

crisis was in 1908, immediately following the Young Turkish revolution. Austria announced the complete annexation of Bosnia and Herze govina. The Triple Entente raised a strong protest, but the weak condition of Russia and the mobilization of Germany's wonderful armament on the French and Russian frontiers effectively stopped all argument. The struggle in

the Balkans (q.v.) caused the two alliances to be harmonious in one respect at least. England, Germany, France, Russia, and Italy determined that Austria should not expand southward and absorb the entire Balkans, which are her only outlet. They feared a strong Mediterranean power which could be very easily maintained by one nation on that peninsula. The five other members were also determined that Russia should not get control of the Dardanelles, for here again the supremacy of the other nations on the Mediterranean would be seriously threatened by so great an enhancement of Russia's power.

The outbreak of the European crisis in July, 1914, after the declaration of war on Servia by Austria, put the Concert to a severe text. From the very beginning, disintegrating influences, as well as new alliances, were strikingly apparent. Italy refused to be bound by the Triple Alliance and claimed she would enforce her neutrality by strength of arms if necessary. The rapprochement with Austria has always been unpopular with the Italians, and was only entered into because of the fear of French encroachments. The offer of a strip of territory in northern Africa was not tempting enough for her to cast her lot with Germany and thus draw upon herself the strength of the unquestionable masters of the Mediterranean, England and France. Another feature of this situ ation was the alignment of almost all of the other European nations with the Triple Entente against Germany and Austria. In the Balkans, Servia, Montenegro, and Greece were actually at war, and Bulgaria threatening to attack Turkey, if she aided Germany. Portugal decided to help Great Britain, and Belgium was fighting Germany to protect her neutrality. Holland and Denmark declared that they would appeal to arms if their territory was violated.

Spain and Italy refused offers of aggrandizement to help the German Emperor, and so he was left along with Austria to struggle against an almost unified Europe. In August, 1914, one phase yet to be worked out was to see whether Russia's treaty obligations would cement her with Great Britain throughout the crisis, or whether she would attempt to realize her desire for the Dardenelles, while Great Britain was engaged with Germany and possibly unable to maintain the integrity of European Turkey. See WAR IN EUROPE.

EU ROPHEN. An amorphous yellow powder containing 27.6 per cent of iodine, which it sets free under the influence of heat and moisture. Its action is similar to that of iodoform, to which it is preferred on account of its rather aromatic odor. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves freely in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and oils.

EURO'PIUM. A chemical element contained, in exceedingly small quantities, in monazite sand and, as shown by spectrum analysis, in the chromosphere of the sun and in other heav enly bodies. In monazite sand it is associated with a number of other elements of the "rare earth" group, including cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, gadolinium, and terbium, and a complex series of operations are required to separate it from these, the methods having been worked out by Demarçay, Urbain and Lacombe, and Eberhard. The symbol of europium is Eu; its atomic weight, as determined by Jantsch in 1908, is 152. In its metallic state the element is still unknown. Its oxide, Eu,O,, is obtained in the form of a pinkish powder. Its sulphate, Eu, (SO), + 8H2O, forms pale pink crystals, soluble in water. EUROTAS (Lat., from Gk. Evpúras), the modern IRI. In ancient geography, a river of Southern Greece, rising in the southern Arcadian Mountains and flowing in a southerly direction through Laconia, traversing the fertile valley between Mount Malevo and Taygetus, and falling into the Gulf of Laconia. The cities of Sparta and Amycle, celebrated in Greek mythology, were situated on the Eurotas.

EUROTIUM, û-ro'shi-um. The generic name of one of the most common molds. It appears on bread, preserves, etc., and is commonly known as the herbarium mold. The generic name more frequently used now is Aspergillus. See PHY

COMYCETES.

EURUS (Lat., from Gk. Evpos). The southeast wind; in later Greek legend, the son of Astræus and Eos.

upward of 3000 years, is more hardy than the Victoria regia and will endure the temperatures of the latitude of Philadelphia, reproducing itself from self-sown seeds in ponds. The whole plant is formidably spiny, whence its specific name, ferox.

EURYBIADES, û'ri-bi'a-dêz (Lat., from Gk. Eupußiáons). A Spartan naval hero. He was in command of the Spartan fleet and afterward nominal commander of all the Greek vessels sent out against the Persians in 480 B.C. To him and to Themistocles (q.v.) is credited the Greek victory of Salamis (q.v.).

EU'RYCLE'A (Lat., from Gk. Evpúkλeta, Eurykleia). A slave in the household of Laërtes and the nurse of Odysseus. On his return in the garb of a beggar she recognized him by a scar while washing his feet and secretly reported his return to Penelope. Consult Odyssey, xix, 385 ff.

For a

EURYDICE, û-rid'i-sé (Lat., from Gk. Evpvdixn, Eurydike). The wife of Orpheus (q.v.). When she died from the bite of a serpent, her husband followed her into the lower world, where he so charmed Hades with the music of his lyre that he was permitted to take Eurydice back to earth on condition that while on his way to the upper world he would not look behind him. Just as he reached the exit he disobeyed, and Eurydice vanished into the darkness. beautiful version of the story, consult Vergil, Georgics, iv, 453–527. Hermes, Orpheus, and Eurydice are represented on a very beautiful Greek relief of the end of the fifth century B.C., of which copies are in Naples, Paris, and Rome. EURYL'OCHUS (Lat., from Gk. Evpúλoxos). One of the companions of Odysseus. He alone escaped when the others were turned into swine by Circe (q.v.). On the island of Thrinacia he induced his companions to slaughter the cattle of Helios, which resulted in the destruction of all the ships. See ULYSSES.

EURYM'ACHUS (Lat., from Gk. Evpúpaxos). The son of Polybus, and one of the boldest of the suitors of Penelope, slain with the other suitors by Odysseus. See ULYSSES.

EURYM'EDON (Evpvμédwv). An Athenian general in the Peloponnesian War. In 428 B.C. he commanded a fleet at Corcyra. In 427 he ravaged the Territory of Tanagra. In 425 he was appointed, with Sophocles, son of Sostratides, to command an expedition aimed at Sicily. On reaching Sicily, Eurymedon and Sophocles concluded terms of peace with Hermocrates. These terms displeased the Athenians, who charged that the treaty was brought about by bribery; Eurymedon was sentenced to pay a heavy fine. In 414 he was sent to reënforce the Athenians at Syracuse, but was defeated and slain before EURYNOME, û-rin'ô-mê (Lat., from Gk.

EURYALE, ú-ri'a-lé (Neo-Lat., from Gk. tvpúaλos, euryalos, with wide threshing floor, from evpús, eurys, broad + äλws, halōs, threshing reaching land. floor). A genus of plants of the family Nym

phæace, or water lilies, closely allied to Vic- Evpvvóun). The daughter of Oceanus and mother

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are used to thicken soups or are eaten The rootstock also contains starch,

which may be separated and used for food; the root itself is also eaten.

The plant, which is

the wife of the Titan Ophion, who ruled Olympus, but with his wife was cast down to Tartarus by Cronus. She had a temple at Phigalia, where her statue-half woman, half fish-was preserved, and where she was popularly identified with Artemis.

EURYPTERIDA, ü'rip-ter'i-dà. A class of extinct Arachnoidea, related to the horseshoe crab on the one hand and the scorpions on the other. They appear in the Cambrian period, reach their greatest development in the Silurian. and decline in the Devonian and Carboniferous.

said to have been in cultivation in China for disappearing with a small form found in the

Permian rocks of Portugal. In the Silurian, before the ascendancy of the fishes, they were the terrors and monsters of the sea and attained a length of 10 feet or more, as in Pterygotus buffaloensis of the water-lime beds of New York. These gigantic aquatic arachnids probably origi nated in the sea, but later flourished in the estuaries and lagoons of the shallow coasts, and finally became adapted to fresh-water conditions. In appearance they are distinctly archaic, especially the type of the class, Eurypterus, with its relatively small broad cephalothorax and evenly segmented abdomen; there is resemblance to a primitive crustacean, to which the eurypterids have long been referred. Some are somewhat fishlike in outline (Hughmilleria), others with their spreading legs resemble gigantic spiders (Stylonurus), and others again are distinctly scorpion-like (Eusarcus) by reason of their abruptly set-off tail and curved tail spine.

The body of the eurypterids consists of a broad semicircular or semielliptic cephalothorax which bears on the upper side a pair of faceted or smooth lateral eyes and a pair of ocelli on the apex; on the underside are two prehensile cheliceræ in front of the mouth, which in Pterygotus grow into immense serrated pincers; and five pairs of legs. The last pair of them in Pterygotus, Eurypterus, and Eusarcus is formed into paddles that served as swimming organs and to anchor the creatures to the mud. The bases of the legs (gnathobases) that surround the mouth are provided with teeth. A large elliptic or oval plate, the metastoma, which corresponds to the chilaria of Limulus, is attached posteriorly of the mouth. It is a characteristic organ of the eurypterids. The abdomen consists of 12 segments and a telson; the anterior six segments consist of rather flat dorsal plates (tergites), to which are attached five pairs of broad, leaflike appendages, corresponding to the operculum and branchial appendages of Limulus. The operculum bears genital appendages of two different forms which permit the distinction of the sexes. The six posterior segments are annular. The telson is either a long spine or a broad oval rudder, bilobed in Erettopterus. The surface is marked by very characteristic scales.

the

The eurypterids are divided into two families -the Eurypterida with smooth eyes and small cheliceræ (genera Eurypterus, Tylopterus, Onichopterus, Eusarcus, Dolichopterus, Drepanopterus, Stylonurus, Anthraconectes) and Pterygotida with faceted eyes and large chelicera (Hughmilleria, Pterygotus, Erettopterus, Slimonia). Their remains occur in the Ordovician rocks of eastern North America, the Silurian rocks of the United States, the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland, the coal measures of Pennsylvania and Illinois, and the Carboniferous strata of Dakota, Scotland, Brazil, and South Africa. Some paleontologists see in the eurypterids the invertebrate ancestors of the fishes, and thereby of the vertebrates in general. See illustration in article MEROSTOMATA.

Bibliography. Huxley and Salter, "On the Genus Pterygotus," Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, vol. i (London, 1859); Hall, Paleontology of New York, vol. xxxix (Albany, 1859); Woodward, A Monograph of the British Fossil Crustacea of the Order Merostomata (London, 1866-78); Woods, "Eurypterida," in The Cambridge Natural History (Cambridge, 1909); Walcott, "Middle Cam

brian Merostomata," Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. xxvii (Washington, 1911); Clarke and Ruedemann, "The Eurypterida of New York,” New York State Museum Memoir, 14 (Albany, 1912).

EURYP'TERUS. See EURYPTERIDA. EURYP'YLUS (Lat., from Gk. Eúpúrvλos). 1. King of the Meropes in Cos, and son of Poseidon and Astypalea. He was killed by Heracles, with the assistance of Zeus. His daughter Chalciope became by Heracles the mother of Thessalus. 2. The son of Telephus and Astyoche, sister of Priam. He went to the aid of the Trojans and after heroic deeds was slain by Neoptolemus (q.v.). 3. The son of Euæmon, King of Ormenium, in Thessaly, and one of the suitors of Helen. He went to Troy with 40 ships and received as his share, at the division of the Trojan booty, a chest preserved by Dardanus, which contained an image of Dionysus, the work of Hephaestus himself. On opening the box Eurypylus was struck with madness, for the cure of which the Delphic oracle directed him to dedicate the chest where he should find an unknown form of sacrifice. On his return he found at Aroë, in Achaia, an unusual sacrifice to Artemis, consisting of the annual offering of a beautiful youth and maiden. Having abolished this worship, he substituted that of Dionysus Esymnetes.

EURYSTHENES, -ris'the-nez (Lat., from Gk. Eupvotevns). One of the Heraclidæ, the son of Aristodemus. With his twin brother Procles he received Lacedæmon as his share of the Peloponnesus and ruled at Sparta in conjunction with his brother. Thirty-one kings of Sparta were of his family.

EURYS THEUS (Lat., from Gk. Eupvotes). A king of Mycena, to whose power Heracles was subjected by the craft of Hera and forced to undertake the Twelve Labors. Eurystheus was afterward defeated and killed by Hyllus, the son of Heracles. See HERCULES.

EUSE BIAN CANONS. An ancient system of cross reference to the Gospels, found in very many biblical manuscripts. Long before the modern chapter and verse divisions came into use, a number of systems of text division were current. The one most generally used was that of Eusebius, the famous church historian (c.260– 340). Either adopting or improving the work of Ammonius, an Alexandrian, Eusebius divided Matthew into 355 sections, Mark into 236, Luke into 342, and John into 232, the so-called Ammonian Sections, the number of each section being written on the margin of the text. On account of similarity of matter, many sections of one Gospel were nearly or quite identical with others in one or more of the other three. For conveniences of reference, Eusebius constructed 10 tables or lists, called canons. The first contained the numbers of all the sections common to all four Gospels arranged in parallel columns. The second, third, and fourth tables gave the sections common to three Gospels. The fifth to the ninth gave those common to two, while the tenth was made up of those contained in but one Gospel.

In manuscripts using the system, underneath each section number was written in red ink the number of the canon in which that section might be found. For example, the first line of canon i contained the section numbers 8, 2, 7, 10—i.e., the eighth section of Matthew contained the same matter as the second of Mark, the seventh

EUSEBIUS

197 of Luke, and the tenth of John. Hence, on the margin of the text of Matthew, opposite the eighth section, would be the figures (Greek H 8

letters being used) (=1), indicating that this

and for a critical discussion of the text of the Martyrs, Violet (Leipzig, 1896) and Harnack (Essen, 1898). Consult also Harnack, Geschichte der altchristische Literatur (Leipzig, 1893).

EUSEBIUS OF EMESA (c.300-359). A SemiArian bishop. He was born at Edassa, about 300. He was a pupil of Eusebius of Cæsarea Averse to and also studied at Alexandria. Consult

At

section would be found in the first canon, and similarly for all the sections in all the Gospels. This widely used system was doubtless of great convenience in New Testament study. Tischendorf, Prolegomena to the eighth edition of his Greek New Testament (Leipzig, 1884), and C. R. Gregory, The Canon and Text of the New Testament, pp. 470 ff. (New York, 1907). EUSE BIUS (Lat., from Gk. Evoéßios) OF CESAREA (c.260-c.340). The father of ecclesiastical history. He was born in Palestine about 260. He took the surname of Pamphili from his friend and teacher, Pamphilus of Cæsarea, whose great library furnished much of the extensive historical sources Eusebius later used. Pamphilus ultimately met a martyr's death, and Eusebius had to flee for his life. He went to Egypt and was imprisoned there. In 313 he succeeded Agapius as Bishop of Cæsarea. the Council of Nicæa (325) Eusebius made the opening address and was the leader of the semiArian or moderate party, who were averse to discussing the nature of the Trinity and preferred the simplicity of Scripture language to the metaphysical distinctions of either side. He was present at the synods of Antioch (330) and Tyre (335) and showed marked Arian leanings, though at Nicea he had felt constrained to accept the Athanasian position. He stood in high favor with Constantine, who, it is said, declared that he was fit to be the bishop of almost the whole world. He died at Cæsarea about 340. Eusebius has the reputation of being the most learned of the Church fathers after Origen, though without his genius. His chief works are: 1. The Chronicon, a history of the world down to the celebration of Constantine's Vicennalia at Nicomedia and Rome in 327-328. It is particularly valuable for its extracts from old 2. The Præparatio Evangelica, in 15 a collection of extracts from heathen

writers. books,

324.

theological controversy, he declined the bishop-
ric of Alexandria after the deposition of Athana-
sius. Later, however, he was appointed Bishop
of Emesa (the modern Homs) and filled the
post, notwithstanding opposition, sometimes
violent, on account of his semi-Arian sympa-
thies. He was also accused of Sabellianism, and
his astronomical knowledge made him suspected
He was a fa-
of sorcery. (See SABELLIUS.)

vorite of the Emperor Constantius, accompanied
him on his expedition against the Persians in
He died at
338, and spent much of his time thereafter in
attendance upon the Emperor.
Antioch in 359. His reputed works are in
Migne, Patrologia Græca, Ixxxvi, and his homi-
lies were published by Augusti (Elberfield,
1829). Many of these are undoubtedly spurious.
Consult Thilo, Ueber die Schriften des Eusebius
von Alexandrien und des Eusebius von Emesa
(Halle, 1859).
An
(?-342).
OF NICOME DIA
EUSEBIUS
Arian leader, Patriarch of Constantinople. He
was born towards the close of the third cen-
tury and was related to the Imperial family.
He was educated in the schools of Antioch,
Arius (q.v.) being a fellow pupil. He became
Bishop of Berytus (Beirut), in Syria, and later
of Nicomedia. At the Council of Nicæa he ap-
peared as a defender of Arius, and, like his
namesake of Cæsarea, advocated compromise.
Later he placed himself at the head of the Arian
party. In 339 he was made Patriarch of Con-
stantinople. In 341 he held an assembly of the
Church at Antioch, for the purpose of estab
lishing Arianism. He died soon after, in either
that year or the following. Eusebius is said to
have been ambitious and avaricious, and un-

scrupulous in the means adopted to secure his
ends. It must be borne in mind, however, that
no writings of the Arian party are preserved,
and all our knowledge is from their opponents,
the orthodox party. The Arians are sometimes
called Eusebians.

EUSEBIUS EM'MERAN.

GEORG FRIEDRICH.

See DAUMER,

authors fitted to prepare the way for Christianity. 3. The Demonstratio Evangelica, in 20 books, a work intended to convince the Jews of the truth of Christianity from the evidence of their own Scriptures. 4. The Historia Ecclesiastica, in 10 books, relating the principal occurrences in the Christian Church to the year Unfortunately Eusebius omits everything derogatory to Christians, considering such matter not edifying. Eusebius' complete works are in Migne, Patrologia Græca, xix-xxiv. The railway junction, capital of a circle in the Rhine Præparatio and Demonstratio were edited by Province, Prussia, 15 miles west of Bonn (Map: German Empire, B 3). It is a thriving insugar, Dindorf (Leipzig, 1867-71); the Ecclesiastical manufactures cloth, dustrial centre; History, Life of Constantine, and Oration in white lead, hosiery, leather goods, furniture, Eulogy of Constantine by Heinichen 1868-70); the Chronicon by Schöne (Berlin, art objects, machinery, pottery, malt, beer,

(ib.,

EUSKALDUN, ú'skål-döön.
EUSKIRCHEN, ois'kir-Ken.

See BASQUE.
A town and

A

brandy, flour, and meal. Pop., 1900, 10,285; 1910, 12,413. EUSPORANGIATES, w’spô-răn’ji-ats. Jahrunderte name given to those groups of plants whose sporangia originate beneath the surface of the body rather than from the surface. They include the seed plants and also all of the Pteridophytes excepting the common ferns. EUSTACHIAN (û-stāʼki-an) TUBE.

1866–75).
A critical edition of his works
appears in the series Griechische christliche
Schriftsteller
der ersten drei
(Leipzig, 1902-03). The Præparatio Evan-
gelica, with translation, was published by Gif-
ford (Oxford, 1903). There is an English trans-
lation of the History, by A. C. McGiffert, in the
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (2d series, New
York, 1890), with prolegomena and elaborate
notes. Translations of some of the minor works
appear in the

also

same

volume. Consult

Schöne, Die Weltchronik des Eusebius in ihrer

EAR.

EUSTACHIO,

đ-003-thể-0,

See

BARTOLOMMEO (?-1574). An Italian anatomist, born in the

Bearbeitung durch Hieronymus (Berlin, 1900), early part of the sixteenth century. His birth

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